Exploring immunological alterations of B cells in peripheral immunity via single-cell RNA sequencing: insights into primary membranous nephropathy.

Background: Primary Membranous Nephropathy (PMN) is characterized by dysregulated immune responses, with B cells playing critical roles in disease pathogenesis. However, the immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying B cell involvement in PMN remain elusive.

Methods: We employed single-cell RNA sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (PBMC) obtained from 6 patients with PMN and 3 healthy controls (NC) to explore the transformation of B cells and their interaction with immune cells.

Performance Evaluation and Mechanism Study of a Fluid Loss Additive in a Cement Slurry.

For cementing operations in oil and gas wells to maintain the cement sheath integrity, effective fluid loss management is essential. In order to improve fluid loss management in cement slurries, this study examines the mechanism of action of a new copolymer fluid loss additive (FLA) made of sodium styrenesulfonate (SSS), -methacrylamide (HAM), and itaconic acid (IA). The performance evaluation results indicate that under conditions of 180 °C and saturated brine, the water loss can still be controlled within 70 mL, and the cement exhibits excellent settling stability.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation to treat renal fibrosis through inhibiting tubular IL-1R.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) has become increasingly appreciated for its therapeutic effect on kidney diseases. However, its role and biological mechanism in treating chronic kidney disease remain poorly defined. Here, we revealed that LIPUS was applied in a safe range with an intensity of 25-315 mW/cm2.

Clinical significance of postoperative collateral circulation formation in long-term prognosis and stroke events after EDAS in adults with moyamoya disease.

Postoperative collateral formation (PCF) in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) who underwent Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is often used as an index to evaluate the effectiveness of surgery. However, it has not been studied whether PCF can predict long-term outcomes in MMD patients. Our study aimed to determine the relationship between PCF and long-term prognosis and stroke events in adult patients with MMD.

Noninvasive Assessment of the Risk Features of Hemorrhage in Moyamoya Disease Using 7T MRI.

Background And Objectives: While digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is traditionally used for moyamoya disease (MMD) assessment, its invasiveness and limitations necessitate alternative methods. The higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio of 7T MRI improve the clarity of the image and retains the details of the structures. We aimed to assess the performance of 7T MRI in identifying hemorrhagic risk features of MMD compared with 3T MRI and DSA.

Hypoxic Preconditioning Mitigates Acute Hypoxia Induced MS/VDB Cholinergic Cell Loss and Memory Impairments.

Cholinergic cells originating from the medial septal nucleus (MS) and the vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of Broca (VDB and HDB, respectively) are critical for supporting a variety of memory and cognitive functions. However, the viability of cholinergic cells has not been explored in the context of acute hypoxia (AH). This study aimed to investigate the effects of AH on cholinergic cells in these nuclei and to test whether hypoxic preconditioning (HPC)-a previously established neuroprotective therapy-could prevent cholinergic cell loss, cognitive dysfunction, and hippocampal synaptic dysfunction in mice exposed to AH.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke on Children and Adolescents Aged Under 20 Years From 1990 to 2021, With Projections of Disability-Adjusted Life Year to 2050: A Comprehensive Demographic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Stroke in children is a global epidemic.

Methods: Data on stroke, including incidence, DALYs, mortality, and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2021, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to evaluate changes in the age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), DALYs (ASDR), and mortality (ASMR), as well as trends by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI).

Comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in patients with autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests. Studies have revealed that gut microbiota and their metabolism play important roles in ASD, and become the underlying mechanisms of ASD.

Methods: In this study, we performed long-read 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to comprehensively characterize the profiles of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in 34 ASD patients and 18 healthy controls.

Discovery of Phenylacylpiperidine as Novel sEH Inhibitors through Scaffold Hopping of Natural Stilbene.

Despite the development of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach, no drug candidate has successfully progressed beyond clinical phase II, highlighting the need for a novel chemotype with improved in vivo potency, pharmacokinetics and safety. In this study, we discovered a phenylacetylpiperidine-based compound, (lab code: ; IC: 0.51 nM), through strategic scaffold hopping from previously reported styrene-based sEH inhibitors.

The Association of Heterozygous p.R4810K of RNF213 and Long-Term Unfavorable Outcomes after Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in Chinese Pediatric Patients with Moyamoya Disease.

Background: Previous studies have established that heterozygous mutation for the p.R4810K variant can influence the severity of the clinical phenotype in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) at disease onset. However, the relationship between the p.

Treatment for moyamoya disease with hyperhomocysteinemia.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of controlling serum homocysteine on improving surgical outcomes in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) and hyperhomocysteinemia. In this prospective observational cohort study, 477 patients with MMD post-encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis are divided into the HHcy-MMD post-control group (n = 193), HHcy-MMD uncontrolled group (n = 91), and MMD group (n = 193), with the HHcy-MMD post-control group further subdivided into good (homocysteine 0-10 μmol/L, n = 121) and general (homocysteine 10-15 μmol/L, n = 72) control groups. The differences in imaging and long-term clinical prognosis among the three groups were compared.

5-Hydroxytryptamine G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Family Genes: Key Players in Cancer Prognosis, Immune Regulation, and Therapeutic Response.

Background: Firstly, 5-hydroxytryptamine G-protein-coupled receptors () are a family of 13 genes associated with cancer progression. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of in cancer remains largely lacking.

Method: We tested the gene expression levels and prognostic values for the in relation to pan-cancer.

RNA-binding protein HuR regulates the transition of septic AKI to CKD by modulating CD147.

Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hu antigen R (HuR) is recognized as a crucial modulator in inflammation. We hypothesized that elevated HuR contributes to the transition from septic AKI to CKD by promoting persistent inflammation and fibrosis, and inhibition of HuR may reverse septic kidney injury.

Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Assembly of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Grafted Nanoparticles into Superlattice Monolayers and Their Application as Floating Gates for High Performance Memory.

Polymer/gold nanoparticle (AuNP) composites have been utilized as floating gates to enhance the performance of memory devices. However, these devices typically exhibit a low ON/OFF drain current ratio (/) and unstable charge trapping, attributed to the poorly defined arrangement of AuNPs within the composite floating gate. To address these limitations, this study employs poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted AuNPs (Au@PMMA) as building blocks for the fabrication of monolayered superlattice films with a highly ordered structure via liquid/liquid interfacial assembly.

Redesigning Berberines and Sanguinarines to Target Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase for Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy.

Amino-berberine has remained underexplored due to limited biological evaluation and total synthesis approaches. In inflammation therapy, soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) is a promising target, yet natural scaffolds remain underutilized. Our study advances the field by redesigning natural compounds─berberine and sanguinarine─with strategic urea modifications and hydrogenated frameworks, creating novel sEH inhibitors with enhanced efficacy.

Comparing Outcomes of Moyamoya Disease and Moyamoya Syndrome in a Real-World Scenario: A Cohort Study.

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) are rare cerebrovascular conditions with unclear distinctions in clinical presentation and prognosis.

Aim: This study assessed potential differences between MMD and MMS patients using real-world data on clinical manifestations, surgical outcomes, and stroke risk factors.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study examined patients with MMD or MMS treated at three tertiary academic hospitals in China, with a mean follow-up of 11.

Identifying the signature of NAD+ metabolism-related genes for immunotherapy of gastric cancer.

NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) -related metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells involves multiple vital cellular processes. However, the role of NAD metabolism in immunity and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) remains not elucidated. Here we identified and clustered 33 NAD + metabolism-related genes (NMRGs) based on 808 GC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.

Ribosomal protein S3A (RPS3A), as a transcription regulator of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), promotes glioma progression through regulating the recruitment and autophagy-mediated M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.

Dysregulated expression of ribosomal protein S3A (RPS3A) is associated with the tissue infiltration of immune-related cells in a variety of cancers. However, the role of RPS3A in immune cell infiltration in glioma remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of RPS3A in the glioma immune microenvironment.

Liquid culture of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium with high yield and extraction and anti-fatigue activity of its polysaccharides.

In this study, the liquid culture system of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium with high yield were established by using orthogonal experiments. Results indicated a 58.08 % increase in mycelium biomass and a 2.

Discovery of glycosidated glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives: Natural product-based soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors.

There are few reports on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) structure-activity relationship studies using natural product-based scaffolds. In this study, we discovered that C-30 urea derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid such as 33, rather than C-20/C-3 urea derivatives, possess in vitro sEH inhibitory capabilities. Furthermore, we explored the impact of stereoconfigurations at C-3 and C-18 positions, and glycosidic bonds at the 3-OH on the compound's activity.