CsWRKY15 from tea plant promotes its auto-resistance when intercropped with chestnut.

To explore the role of WRKY transcription factors in resistance, a WRKY15 homologous gene, CsWRKY15, and its promoter were isolated from tea plants when intercropped with chestnut. CsWRKY15 expression was significantly induced by ethephon, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and low temperature. Notably, its expression was strongly induced by exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3).

Fluoroalkyl-based near-infrared acceptors for morphology control enabling high-efficiency additive-free organic solar cells.

Herein, a fluoroalkyl side chain modified A-DA'D-A small molecule acceptor, Y18-F9, was developed to optimize the bulk heterojunction morphology in organic solar cells. The introduction of fluorocarbon chains promotes self-assembly into nanoscale fibrous networks, while the low surface energy drive favorable vertical phase segregation. These synergistic effects lead to enhanced molecular packing, improved charge transport and collection, and reduced recombination losses.

SLC38A1 protects against aging-related oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in C2C12 myoblasts: Implication of a ferroptosis-related regulator for skeletal muscle aging.

Ferroptosis has been implicated in skeletal muscle aging. Nevertheless, specific ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) governing skeletal muscle aging remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify ferroptosis-related marker genes associated with skeletal muscle aging, uncovering potential therapeutic targets for skeletal muscle aging.

Deep learning-driven multi-hierarchical granularity integration for surgical scene understanding: experimental study.

Background: A comprehensive understanding of surgical scenes by computers is a crucial foundation for achieving intelligent surgical assistance and autonomous decision-making. Surgical scene information encompasses coarse-grained data reflecting the overall process and fine-grained details showcasing specific operations. This study aims to construct a standardized, full-grained annotation dataset for laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and develop a deep learning framework for multi-hierarchical granularity integration, providing support for clinical intelligent applications.

Succinic Acid-Induced Macrophage Endocytosis Promotes Extracellular Vesicle-Based Integrin Beta1 Transfer Accelerating Fibroblast Activation and Sepsis-Associated Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Sepsis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (SAPF) is a life-threatening condition driven by persistent fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. While metabolic reprogramming, profibrotic extracellular vesicles (EVs), and integrin activation are implicated in pulmonary fibrosis, their interplay remains unclear. This study reveals that succinic acid, a product of glycometabolic reprogramming, promotes macrophage-mediated endocytosis, driving the release of profibrotic EVs.

5-HT regulates resistance to aumolertinib by attenuating ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) remains a critical clinical challenge in EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Therefore, it is urgent to explore personalized treatment strategies based on distinct resistance mechanisms to reverse EGFR-TKI resistance. Herein, we found that HER2 S310F mutation contributes to third-generation EGFR-TKI resistance, driven by the accumulation of neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).

Effects of red clover isoflavone on lactation performance, milk quality and nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows.

Reducing nitrogen loss and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in dairy cows can reduce economic costs and mitigate the environmental impact of nitrogen emissions. Red clover isoflavone, a natural compound derived from plant extract, has the advantage of biological safety. This study aimed to investigate the effects of red clover isoflavone on lactation performance and nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows.

Association between free T3 and sarcopenia in euthyroid older patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Purpose: Growing evidence suggests that thyroid hormones play an important role in the process of sarcopenia during aging. The aim of our study was to investigate whether thyroid hormones have an association with age-related sarcopenia in euthyroid geriatric patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).

Methods: A total of 442 euthyroid older patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were included in this cross-sectional study.

Defining region and duration-specific substantial clinical benefit values for the simplified Chinese lower extremity functional scale.

Background: A single substantial clinical benefit (SCB) value for the Simplified Chinese Lower Extremity Functional Scale (SC-LEFS) that can be applied to those with lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries is available. However, unique SCB values defined by specific body region and symptom duration may enhance the precision of the SC-LEFS in clinical assessments.

Methods: This study aim to determine unique SCB values for the SC-LEFS based on symptom duration and body region.

Structural characterization of a neutral heteropolysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. and its protective effects against intestinal inflammation via barrier enhancement and gut microbiota modulation.

The polysaccharides extracted from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. was first identified as P. chinensis Lindl.

Validation of caprine H11 and the Rosa26 platform for transgene integration via CRISPR-based system: investigations on stable transgene expression and genetic biosafety.

CRISPR/Cas9 technology is an efficient tool for site-specific livestock gene editing. However, to minimize potential disruption of host genome function, exogenous genes should be integrated into well-characterized genomic loci, such as H11 or Rosa26, which have been empirically validated for stable transgene expression. This study established a multi-dimensional assessment system to evaluate the biological applicability of the H11 locus and the widely used Rosa26 targeting platform as sites for targeted integration of exogenous genes in goats.

Thermal resilience in pilot-scale anoxic/oxic moving-bed biofilm reactor enables robust removal of pharmaceuticals and antibiotic resistance genes.

The prevalence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) threatens ecological and public health. This study evaluated a pilot-scale three-stage anoxic/oxic moving-bed biofilm reactor (A/O-MBBR) for municipal wastewater treatment to mitigate this threat. Performance of the reactor was assessed based on the PPCP distribution, removal efficiency, ARG variation, and microbial community dynamics.

Efficient Synthesis of Protein-Polymer Conjugates with Open-Air Fabrication and Facile Purification Driven by the Thermoresponsive Protein-Polymer Conjugate.

A simple, efficient, and broadly applicable method for the preparation of protein-polymer conjugates is of critical importance for their further development. However, existing approaches are often limited by challenges such as insufficient deoxygenation, complex purification processes, and poor compatibility of monomers and proteins. Herein, we present a comprehensive strategy for the synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates utilizing a thermosensitive, recyclable glucose oxidase-poly-(di-(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) conjugate (GOX-PDEGMA) as part of the deoxygenation system.

Local Fungi Promote Plant Growth by Positively Affecting Rhizosphere Metabolites to Drive Beneficial Microbial Assembly.

Ecological restoration in the cold and high-altitude mining areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is faced with dual challenges of extreme environments and insufficient microbial adaptability. This study aimed to screen local microbial resources with both extreme environmental adaptability and plant-growth-promoting functions. Local fungi (DK; F18-3) and commercially available bacteria (B0) were used as materials to explore their regulatory mechanisms for plant growth, soil physicochemical factors, microbial communities, and metabolic profiles in the field.

The global patent landscape of the drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease from 2014-2023.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder lacking a definitive cure, spurring global efforts to develop effective therapeutic agents. Patent data can provide critical insights into research investments, innovation trends, and market dynamics.

Objective: This study offers a comprehensive ten-year overview (2014-2023) of granted AD drug patents, focusing on patent families (A 'patent family' refers to a set of patents or patent applications in different jurisdictions claiming priority to the same original invention.

Gender-specific associations of blood immune markers with symptoms and cognitive function in major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional observational study.

Background: Cognitive impairments constitute a core manifestation of major depressive disorder (MDD), albeit the precise mechanisms governing these impairments remain elusive. Inflammation may contribute to cognitive impairment and clinical symptoms in MDD. We conducted an investigation into the inflammatory markers present in patients with MDD, including white blood cell (WBC) counts, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and their associations with symptoms and cognitive performance.

Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of cationic liposome-delivered nerve growth factor antisense oligonucleotide for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

The pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) remains unclear, and there is no definitive treatment for this condition. Studies have shown that antisense oligonucleotide (asODN) targeting nerve growth factor (NGF) can downregulate the level of NGF in the bladder, however, the uptake of NGF asODN by the body is limited. Therefore, this study constructed cationic liposomes (CLs) as a delivery system to carry NGF asODN and evaluated its functional efficacy on the bladder.

Innovative staining for endoscopic screening of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions: a preclinical study.

Background: Lugol's iodine staining (LIS) solution is used to assist in esophageal chromoendoscopy. Mucosal irritation often results in uncomfortable symptoms and the risk of allergy. In the present study, we developed an extremely low-irritation, easy-to-use mucosal staining solution using polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I).

Towards Human-Level 3D Relative Pose Estimation: Generalizable, Training-Free, with Single Reference.

Humans can easily deduce the relative pose of a previously unseen object, without labeling or training, given only a single query-reference image pair. This is arguably achieved by incorporating i) 3D/2.5D shape perception from a single image, ii) render-and-compare simulation, and iii) rich semantic cue awareness to furnish (coarse) reference-query correspondence.

Chinese expert consensus on the combined use of antiviral drugs for novel coronavirus infection.

The persistent mutation of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) not only remains a threat to human health but also continues to challenge existing antiviral therapeutic strategies. In current clinical practice, the resistance of novel coronavirus to antivirals, the rebound of viral load after treatment with drugs such as nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NTV/r), and the urgent need for rapid clearance of the virus in the management of critically and emergently ill patients suggest that the existing single-drug regimens may have limitations and that the intensity of suppression may be insufficient in some cases. In clinical practice, we have observed that a combination of antivirals with different mechanisms of action can result in better efficacy and not significantly increase adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Bioequivalence and Food Effect Assessment of Apalutamide Tablets Relative to Erleada in Healthy Chinese Male Participants.

Apalutamide, a second-generation non-steroidal androgen receptor inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. A study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of apalutamide in healthy Chinese male participants and to evaluate the bioequivalence (BE) of the test and reference formulations (Erleada) under both fed and fasted conditions. This study was a single-center, open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence, crossover study.

PTEN restoration and CXCR2 depletion synergistically enhance the effect of enzalutamide and inhibit bone metastatic CRPC.

Enzalutamide (Enz) is the first-line therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, drug resistance has hindered its further application. Moreover, CRPC is frequently prone to metastasis, particularly to bone (BmCRPC).