Zebrafish hif1β attenuates antiviral innate immunity by suppressing Irf7 transcriptional activity.

HIF1β, which serves as a common binding partner of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α subunits, plays a key role in 2 cellular signaling pathways: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and HIF pathways. Whether HIF1β is involved in antiviral innate immunity remains to be determined. In this study, we show that zebrafish hif1β is induced by viral infection.

Theoretical design of rhombohedral-stacked MoS-based ferroelectric tunneling junctions with ultra-high tunneling electroresistances.

The sliding ferroelectrics formed by rhombohedral-stacked transition metal dichalcogenides (R-TMDs) greatly broaden the ferroelectric candidate materials. However, the weak ferroelectricity and many failure behaviors (such as irreversible lattice strains or defects) regulated by applied stimuli hinder their application. Here we systematically explore the interface electronic and transport properties of R-MoS-based van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHJs) by first-principles calculations.

Laser direct overall water splitting for H and HO production.

Hydrogen (H) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) play crucial roles as energy carriers and raw materials for industrial production. However, the current techniques for H and HO production rely on complex catalysts and involve multiple intermediate steps. In this study, we present a straightforward, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient laser-induced conversion method for overall water splitting to simultaneously generate H and HO at ambient conditions without any catalysts.

Factor inhibiting HIF negatively regulates antiviral innate immunity via hydroxylation of IKKϵ.

Activation of type I interferon (IFN-1) signaling is essential to protect host cells from viral infection. The full spectrum of IFN-I induction requires the activation of a number of cellular factors, including IκB kinase epsilon (IKKϵ). However, the regulation of IKKϵ activation in response to viral infection remains largely unknown.

Molecular characterization and expression analyses of five genes involved in the MyD88-dependent pathway of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) responding to challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila.

MyD88-dependent pathway mediated by Toll-like receptor is one of the vital ways activating immune responses. In order to identify the role of MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in yellow catfish, the Pf_MyD88, Pf_IRAK4, Pf_IRAK1, Pf_TRAF6 and Pf_NFκB1 (p105) (Pf: abbreviation of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were cloned and characterized respectively. The Pf_MyD88, Pf_IRAK4, Pf_IRAK1 and Pf_TRAF6 were all highly conserved among species and showed the highest homology to that of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.

Zebrafish mavs Is Essential for Antiviral Innate Immunity.

In mammals, the signaling adaptor mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a critical determinant in antiviral innate immunity. However, because of the lack of in vivo data, the physiological function of zebrafish mavs in response to viral infection is still not determined. In this study, we demonstrate that the long splicing isoform of zebrafish mavs promotes IFN regulatory factor 3 signaling and NF-κB signaling.

Transcriptomes of Zebrafish in Early Stages of Multiple Viral Invasions Reveal the Role of Sterols in Innate Immune Switch-On.

Although it is widely accepted that in the early stages of virus infection, fish pattern recognition receptors are the first to identify viruses and initiate innate immune responses, this process has never been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we infected larval zebrafish with four different viruses and analyzed whole-fish expression profiles from five groups of fish, including controls, at 10 h after infection. At this early stage of virus infection, 60.

Comparative Study on Immune Function of the Head and Trunk Kidney in Rainbow Trout Responding to IHNV Infection.

A teleost's kidney was divided into head kidney and trunk kidney. The head kidney is an important lymphatic organ, while the trunk kidney mainly performs osmotic pressure regulation and excretion functions. Previous studies have shown that the teleost's head kidney exerts a strong immune response against pathogen invasion, while the mechanism of immune response in the trunk kidney is still rarely reported.

First-principles investigation of in-plane anisotropies in XYTe monolayers with X = Hf, Zr, Ti and Y = Si, Ge.

In-plane anisotropic materials can introduce additional degrees of freedom while tuning their physical properties, which expand the range of opportunities for designing novel semiconductor devices and exploring distinct applications. In this work, we investigate the in-plane anisotropic electronic, elastic, transport and piezoelectric properties in a family of isostructural telluride XYTe (X = Hf, Zr and Ti, Y = Si and Ge) monolayers based on first-principles calculations. Six types of structures are verified to harbor direct bandgaps at the point ranging between 0.

Zebrafish sirt5 Negatively Regulates Antiviral Innate Immunity by Attenuating Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination of mavs.

The signaling adaptor MAVS is a critical determinant in retinoic acid-inducible gene 1-like receptor signaling, and its activation is tightly controlled by multiple mechanisms in response to viral infection, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. In this article, we demonstrate that zebrafish , one of the sirtuin family proteins, negatively regulates mavs-mediated antiviral innate immunity. is induced by spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection and binds to mavs, resulting in attenuating phosphorylation and ubiquitination of mavs.

High-performance hierarchical O-SnS/I-ZnInS photodetectors by leveraging the synergy of optical regulation and band tailoring.

Low light absorption and limited carrier lifetime are critical obstacles inhibiting further performance improvement of 2D layered material (2DLM) based photodetectors, while scalable fabrication is an ongoing challenge prior to commercialization from the lab to market. Herein, wafer-scale SnS/ZIS hierarchical nanofilms, where out-of-plane SnS (O-SnS) is modified onto in-plane ZIS (I-ZIS), have been achieved by pulsed-laser deposition. The derived O-SnS/I-ZIS photodetector exhibits markedly boosted sensitivity as compared to a pristine ZIS device.

Characterization, expression and function analysis of pfTLR5S and pfTLR5M in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) responding to bacterial challenge.

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors, playing critical roles in the early innate immune response to defensing against pathogen invasion. In this study, we found both soluble form TLR5 (pfTLR5S) and membrane form TLR5 (pfTLR5M) in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The open reading frames (ORFs) of pfTLR5M and pfTLR5S genes were 2655 bp and 1947 bp in length, encoding 884 and 648 amino acids, respectively.

OTUB1 augments hypoxia signaling via its non-canonical ubiquitination inhibition of HIF-1α during hypoxia adaptation.

As a main regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia, the protein stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is strictly controlled by oxygen tension dependent of PHDs-catalyzed protein hydroxylation and pVHL complex-mediated proteasomal degradation. Whether HIF-1α protein stability as well as its activity can be further regulated under hypoxia is not well understood. In this study, we found that OTUB1 augments hypoxia signaling independent of PHDs/VHL and FIH.

Opposing effects of deubiquitinase OTUD3 in innate immunity against RNA and DNA viruses.

Retinoic acid-inducible-I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) genes encode essential cytosolic receptors mediating antiviral immunity against viruses. Here, we show that OTUD3 has opposing role in response to RNA and DNA virus infection by removing distinct types of RIG-I/MDA5 and cGAS polyubiquitination. OTUD3 binds to RIG-I and MDA5 and removes K63-linked ubiquitination.

Molecular characteristics, polymorphism and expression analysis of mhc Ⅱ in yellow catfish(pelteobagrus fulvidraco)responding to Flavobacterium columnare infection.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an important component of the immune system of vertebrates, which plays a vital role in presenting extrinsic antigens. In this study, we cloned and characterized the mhc ⅡA and mhc ⅡB genes of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The open reading frames (ORFs) of mhc ⅡA and mhc ⅡB genes were 708 bp and 747bp in length, encoding 235 and 248 amino acids, respectively.

EGLN1 prolyl hydroxylation of hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF1α is repressed by SET7-catalyzed lysine methylation.

Egg-laying defective nine 1 (EGLN1) functions as an oxygen sensor to catalyze prolyl hydroxylation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α under normoxia conditions, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Thus, EGLN1 plays a central role in the hypoxia-inducible factor-mediated hypoxia signaling pathway; however, the posttranslational modifications that control EGLN1 function remain largely unknown. Here, we identified that a lysine monomethylase, SET7, catalyzes EGLN1 methylation on lysine 297, resulting in the repression of EGLN1 activity in catalyzing prolyl hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α.

Zebrafish Negatively Regulates Antiviral Responses by Attenuating Phosphorylation of irf3 and irf7 Independent of Its Enzymatic Activity.

is one member of the sirtuin family proteins with NAD (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase activity. In this study, we report that zebrafish is induced upon viral infection, and overexpression of suppresses cellular antiviral responses. Disruption of in zebrafish increases the survival rate upon spring viremia of carp virus infection.

Repression of p53 function by SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation at Lysine 120 in response to DNA damage.

p53 is a classic tumor suppressor that functions in maintaining genome stability by inducing either cell arrest for damage repair or cell apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells in response to different types of stress. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of p53 are thought to be the most effective way for modulating of p53 activation. Here, we show that SIRT5 interacts with p53 and suppresses its transcriptional activity.

Spontaneous flexoelectricity and band engineering in MS (M = Mo, W) nanotubes.

Spontaneous flexoelectricity in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanotubes is critical to the design of new energy devices. However, the electronic properties adjusted by the flexoelectric effect in TMD nanotubes remain vague. In this work, we investigate the effect of flexoelectricity on band engineering in single- and double-wall MS (M = Mo, W) nanotubes with different diameters based on first-principles calculations and an atomic-bond-relaxation method.

Zebrafish otud6b Negatively Regulates Antiviral Responses by Suppressing K63-Linked Ubiquitination of irf3 and irf7.

Ovarian tumor domain-containing 6B () belongs to the OTU deubiquitylating enzyme family. In this study, we report that zebrafish is induced upon viral infection, and overexpression of suppresses cellular antiviral response. Disruption of in zebrafish increases the survival rate upon spring viremia of carp virus and grass carp reovirus exposure.

Arginine monomethylation by PRMT7 controls MAVS-mediated antiviral innate immunity.

Accurate control of innate immune responses is required to eliminate invading pathogens and simultaneously avoid autoinflammation and autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrate that arginine monomethylation precisely regulates the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated antiviral response. Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) forms aggregates to catalyze MAVS monomethylation at arginine residue 52 (R52), attenuating its binding to TRIM31 and RIG-I, which leads to the suppression of MAVS aggregation and subsequent activation.