Genome-Wide Linkage Mapping of QTL for Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in a Chinese Wheat Population Lantian 25 × Huixianhong.

Stripe rust, caused by f. sp. (Pst), represents a major global threat to wheat (.

Genetic Analysis of Stripe Rust Resistance in the Chinese Wheat Cultivar Luomai 163.

Stripe or yellow rust (YR) caused by () is an important foliar disease affecting wheat production globally. Resistant varieties are the most economically and environmentally effective way to manage this disease. The common winter wheat ( L.

A Combination of Resistance Genes Confers High and Durable Resistance Against Stripe Rust in Wheat Cultivar Lantian 26.

'Lantian 26', a leading elite winter wheat cultivar in Gansu Province since its release in 2010, exhibits high resistance or immunization to stripe rust in the adult-plant stage under a high disease pressure in Longnan (southeastern Gansu). Identifying the resistance genes in 'Lantian 26' could provide a basis for enhanced durability and high levels of resistance in wheat cultivars. Here, a segregating population was developed from a cross between a highly susceptible wheat cultivar Mingxian 169 and the highly stripe rust-resistant 'Lantian 26'.

Impact of Charge Composition and Distribution on the Antibacterial Properties of Polypeptide Coatings.

Inspired by the charge composition and distribution of proteins and peptides, we designed and prepared a series of brush polypeptides with positive and negative charges separately distributed in the side chains and the backbones. The brush polypeptides can self- or co-deposit on various substrates forming ultrathin and stable coatings. They showed potent bactericidal activity and antibiofilm property, outperforming conventional linear polypeptide coatings with randomly distributed positive and negative charges.

Antibacterial brush polypeptide coatings with anionic backbones.

Preventing initial colonization of bacteria on biomaterial surfaces is crucial to address the medical device-associated infection issues. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) or cationic polymer modified surfaces have shown promising potentials to inhibit the initial colonization of bacteria by contact killing. However, their development has been impeded because of bacterial adhesion and high cytotoxicity.

Rapid and Specific Enhanced Luminescent Switch of Aniline Gas by MOFs Assembled from a Planar Binuclear Cadmium(II) Metalloligand.

Due to the low vapor pressure of aniline, it is challenging to develop a specific rapid fluorescence detection material for low concentrations of aniline gas, which is suspected to result in carcinogenicity when people are exposed by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Herein, the easy-preparing Schiff base ligands were employed to construct the binuclear cadmium(II) compounds featuring a good plane and fine luminescent property, and then, the end groups were changed, making the compounds metalloligands to further build the 3D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), named . It is found that can achieve specific luminescent enhancement response for aniline gas.

Imidazolium-Based Polypeptide Coating with a Synergistic Antibacterial Effect and a Biofilm-Responsive Property.

Surface modification with cationic polymer coatings represented an important strategy to address the medical device-related infection issues. However, limited antibacterial activities and high cytotoxicity have hampered their development. Herein, we report a facile method to enhance the surface antibacterial activity by construction of an imidazolium-based polypeptide with fosfomycin counteranions (i.

Facile Preparation of Polysaccharide-Polypeptide Conjugates via a Biphasic Solution Ring-Opening Polymerization.

Polysaccharide-polypeptide conjugates have gained a broad interest in mimicking the structure and bioactivity of peptidoglycans or proteoglycans for biomedical applications. Efficient and precise preparation of the conjugates is challenging and unresolved, mainly because of the mismatched solubility between polysaccharide initiators and -carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), which frequently results in competing side reactions and oligomeric polypeptide chain. Herein, we report a facile and efficient strategy to prepare the conjugates with well-controlled polypeptide chain length () directly from unmodified polysaccharides via a biphasic solution ring-opening polymerization.

Preparation of antibacterial polypeptides with different topologies and their antibacterial properties.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are attractive antimicrobial agents used to combat bacterial infections, and have been advanced to be one of the most promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. They stand out for their attractive broad-spectrum activity, unmatched antibacterial mechanism that is not prone to develop drug resistance and diversified topologies, which can be fabricated with manifold amino acid blocks. In this study, using -hexylamine and amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers (G-PAMAM, = 1-2) as initiators, a series of AMPs with linear and star-shaped topological structures were constructed the controllable ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of -carboxyanhydrides (NCAs).

Single-Chain Nanoparticle-Based Coatings with Improved Bactericidal Activity and Antifouling Properties.

Dual-function antibacterial surfaces have exhibited promising potential in addressing implant-associated infections. However, both bactericidal and antifouling properties need to be further improved prior to practical uses. Herein, we report the preparation and properties of a linear block copolymer coating (LP-KF) and a single-chain nanoparticle coating (NP-KF) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and cationic polypeptide segments.

Facile Synthesis of Imidazolium-Based Block Copolypeptides with Excellent Antimicrobial Activity.

Antimicrobial polypeptides are promising mimics of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with low risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Polypeptides with facile and efficient production, high antimicrobial activity, and low toxicity toward mammalian cells are highly desirable for practical applications. Herein, triblock copolypeptides with chloro groups (PPG-PCPBLG) and different main-chain lengths were synthesized via an ultrafast ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using a macroinitiator, namely poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether), and purified or nonpurified monomer (i.

Synthesis and Properties of Mono- or Diamine-Initiated Imidazolium-Based Cationic Polypeptides.

A series of cationic polypeptide imidazolium conjugates were prepared by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-4-(3-chloropropoxycarbonyl)benzyl-- glutamic acid-based -carboxyanhydride (CPBLG-NCA) initiated by various mono- or diamine initiators and subsequent side-chain modification with high grafting efficiency. Rapid and controlled ROP was achieved by polymerizing CPBLG-NCA in a dichloromethane/NaHCO/HO solvent mixture with the amine initiators. The resulting polypeptides bearing imidazolium iodide pendants showed reversible upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type thermoresponsive properties in both ethanol and DI water while the polypeptides with tetrafluoroborate counter-anions showed a UCST in phosphate buffer saline (PBS).

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Common Wheat ().

Stripe rust, caused by f. sp. , is a globally devastating disease of common wheat ( L.

Research on Susceptible Genes and Immunological Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions in Chinese Hans.

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) include mild maculopapular exanthems (MPE), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). We used HLA high-resolution genotyping and genome wide association analysis (GWAS) to identify the genetic markers for cADRs induced by common culprit drugs in Han Chinese population. To further understand the immunopathogenesis of cADRs, and with the goal of developing treatment strategies, we compared the expression of cytoxic cytokines between the patients with cADRs and normal controls.

Autocrine function of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 as a determinant of diet- and sex-specific differences in visceral adiposity.

Mechanisms for sex- and depot-specific fat formation are unclear. We investigated the role of retinoic acid (RA) production by aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1a1, -a2, and -a3), the major RA-producing enzymes, on sex-specific fat depot formation. Female Aldh1a1(-/-) mice, but not males, were resistant to high-fat (HF) diet-induced visceral adipose formation, whereas subcutaneous fat was reduced similarly in both groups.

The contribution of vitamin A to autocrine regulation of fat depots.

Morbidity and mortality associated with increased white fat accumulation in visceral fat depots have focused attention on the pathways regulating the development of this tissue during embryogenesis, in adulthood, and while under the influence of obesogenic diets. Adipocytes undergo clonal expansion, differentiation (adipogenesis) and maturation through a complex network of transcriptional factors, most of which are expressed at similar levels in visceral and subcutaneous fat. Rigorous research attempts to unfold the pathways regulating expression and activity of adipogenic transcription factors that act in a fat-depot-specific manner.

Concerted action of aldehyde dehydrogenases influences depot-specific fat formation.

Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) regulates life-sustaining differentiation processes and metabolic homeostasis. The aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (Aldh1) family of enzymes (Aldh1a1, a2, and a3) catalyzes RA production from retinaldehyde and thereby controls concentrations of this transcriptionally active metabolite. The hierarchy of Aldh1 functions in adipose tissue has not been elucidated.

Structural basis for substrate placement by an archaeal box C/D ribonucleoprotein particle.

Box C/D small nucleolar and Cajal body ribonucleoprotein particles (sno/scaRNPs) direct site-specific 2'-O-methylation of ribosomal and spliceosomal RNAs and are critical for gene expression. Here we report crystal structures of an archaeal box C/D RNP containing three core proteins (fibrillarin, Nop56/58, and L7Ae) and a half-mer box C/D guide RNA paired with a substrate RNA. The structure reveals a guide-substrate RNA duplex orientation imposed by a composite protein surface and the conserved GAEK motif of Nop56/58.