Future scientific paradigms in the integration of materials, aerospace and information.

This perspective dissects the fourth paradigm in aerospace systems and explores how future paradigms drive collaborative advancement by integrating materials, aerospace, and information to address deep space exploration and interdisciplinary research challenges.

Trajectory of changes in myelin basic protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid during ageing and its association with biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Myelin loss has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the changes in myelin basic protein (MBP) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an ageing cohort comprising 116 cognitively normal and Aβ-negative controls aged 26 to 82 years, as well as in a clinical cohort. We found that CSF MBP levels was positively correlated with age in a nonlinear pattern over the lifetime of the ageing cohort and that CSF MBP continually increased until it began to decline around age of 51 years and rose again around age 62.

Temporal Changes in Alzheimer's Disease-Related Biomarkers in the CSF of Cognitively Normal Subjects at Different Ages: The Chongqing Ageing and Dementia Study.

Revealing the temporal evolution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers during aging is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis and developing early diagnoses and interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD). CSF was obtained from 549 cognitively normal subjects between 18 and 93 years of age. 12 AD-related biomarkers were evaluated, including amyloid β (Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio), hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau), neuronal injury/degeneration (T-tau, NFL, NSE, H-FABP, VILIP-1), neuroinflammation biomarkers (YKL-40, TREM2), and α-synuclein (α-synuclein).

Clinical relevance of plasma ADAM-17 with cognition and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

BackgroundA disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM-17) has multiple pathophysiological functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the clinical relevance of ADAM-17 in AD is not clear yet.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the levels of circulating ADAM-17 and their association with AD.

The Diagnostic Potential of Circulating Autoantibodies to Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: The profile of naturally occurring antibodies to amyloid-β (NAbs-Aβ) is altered in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the diagnostic potential of NAbs-Aβ for AD is not clear yet.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the diagnostic capacities of NAbs-Aβ for AD.

Imaging Heterogeneous 3D Dynamics of Individual Solutes in a Polyelectrolyte Brush.

Understanding molecular transport in polyelectrolyte brushes (PEBs) is crucial for applications such as separations, drug delivery, anti-fouling, and biosensors, where structural features of the polymer control intermolecular interactions. The complex structure and local heterogeneity of PEBs, while theoretically predicted, are not easily accessed with conventional experimental methods. In this work, we use 3D single-molecule tracking to understand transport behavior within a cationic poly(2-(,-dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) (PDMAEA) brush using an anionic dye, Alexa Fluor 546, as the probe.

Physiological β-amyloid clearance by the liver and its therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease.

Cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation due to impaired Aβ clearance is a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considerable brain-derived Aβ is cleared via transporting to the periphery. The liver is the largest organ responsible for the clearance of metabolites in the periphery.

Associations Between Plasma Klotho with Renal Function and Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β Levels in Alzheimer's Disease: The Chongqing Ageing & Dementia Study.

Background: The kidney-brain crosstalk has been involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the mechanism remaining unclear. The anti-aging factor Klotho was reported to attenuate both kidney injury and AD pathologies.

Objective: To investigate whether plasma Klotho participated in kidney-brain crosstalk in AD.

Activation Enhancement and Grain Size Improvement for Poly-Si Channel Vertical Transistor by Laser Thermal Annealing in 3D NAND Flash.

The bit density is generally increased by stacking more layers in 3D NAND Flash. Lowering dopant activation of select transistors results from complex integrated processes. To improve channel dopant activation, the test structure of vertical channel transistors was used to investigate the influence of laser thermal annealing on dopant activation.

The association of serum uric acid with cognitive impairment and ATN biomarkers.

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) has become a worldwide health problem. The relationship between CI and uric acid (UA) is contradictory.

Objective: We included participants with a full spectrum of CI, from cognitively unimpaired (CU) to dementia, from the Chongqing Ageing & Dementia Study (CADS).

Establishment of combined diagnostic models of Alzheimer's disease in a Chinese cohort: the Chongqing Ageing & Dementia Study (CADS).

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are essential for the accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet their measurement levels vary widely across centers and regions, leaving no uniform cutoff values to date. Diagnostic cutoff values of CSF biomarkers for AD are lacking for the Chinese population. As a member of the Alzheimer's Association Quality Control program for CSF biomarkers, we aimed to establish diagnostic models based on CSF biomarkers and risk factors for AD in a Chinese cohort.

Associations of plasma soluble CD22 levels with brain amyloid burden and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

CD22 has been suggested to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis by inhibiting microglial amyloid β (Aβ) phagocytosis. Soluble CD22 (sCD22) generated by cleavage from cell membranes may be a marker of inflammation and microglial dysfunction; but alterations of sCD22 levels in AD and their correlation with AD biomarkers remain unclear. Plasma sCD22 levels were measured in cognitively normal non-AD participants and patients with preclinical AD and AD dementia from a Chinese cohort and the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing.

Circulating Naturally Occurring Antibodies to P2RY2 Are Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: The G protein-coupled receptor P2RY2 protein of the purinergic receptor family is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Naturally occurring antibodies against P2RY2 (NAbs-P2RY2) are present in human plasma, with their clinical relevance in AD unknown.

Objective: To explore the alteration of NAbs-P2RY2 in AD patients and its associations with biomarkers and cognition of AD patients.

Pd Doped CoO Loaded on Carbon Nanofibers as Highly Efficient Free-Standing Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions.

Self-supporting electrodes usually show excellent electrocatalytic performance which does not require coating steps, additional polymer binders, and conductive additives. Rapid growth of highly active ingredient on self-supporting electric conductors is identified as a straight forward path to prepare binder-free and integrated electrodes. Here, Pd-doped CoO loaded on carbon nanofiber materials through electrospinning and heat treatment was efficiently synthesized, and used as a free-standing electrode.

Dynamic changes of CSF sPDGFRβ during ageing and AD progression and associations with CSF ATN biomarkers.

Background: Loss of brain capillary pericyte is involved in the pathologies and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The role of pericyte in early stage of AD pathogenesis remains unclear.

Methods: We investigated the dynamic changes of soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (sPDGFRβ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a marker of brain pericyte injury, in transition from normal ageing to early AD in a cognitively unimpaired population aged 20 to 90 years.

Chronic hypoperfusion due to intracranial large artery stenosis is not associated with cerebral β-amyloid deposition and brain atrophy.

Background: Insufficient cerebral perfusion is suggested to play a role in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, there is a lack of direct evidence indicating whether hypoperfusion causes or aggravates AD pathology. We investigated the effect of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on AD-related pathology in humans.

New aniline derivatives from the volva of Phallus rubrovolvatus and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Phallus rubrovolvatus is an important commercially cultivated mushroom species in China. However, the volva of P. rubrovolvatus usually discarded as a by-product due to the unpleasant flavor and difficulty in processing.

Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Material Based on Nonconjugated Adamantane for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

A new dopant-free hole transporting material (HTM) 4',4‴,4‴'',4‴''''-(adamantane-1,3,5,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine) (Ad-Ph-OMeTAD) (named FDY for short), which consists of a nonconjugated 3D bulky caged adamantane (Ad) as the core, triphenyl amines as side arms, and phenyl units as a linking bridge, is synthesized and applied in an inverted planar perovskite solar cell (PSC). As a result, the champion device with FDY as HTM yields an impressive power of conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.69%, with J = 22.

Polysaccharide Krestin Prevents Alzheimer's Disease-type Pathology and Cognitive Deficits by Enhancing Monocyte Amyloid-β Processing.

Deficits in the clearance of amyloid β protein (Aβ) by the peripheral system play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impaired uptake of Aβ by dysfunctional monocytes is deemed to be one of the major mechanisms underlying deficient peripheral Aβ clearance in AD. In the current study, flow cytometry and biochemical and behavioral techniques were applied to investigate the effects of polysaccharide krestin (PSK) on AD-related pathology in vitro and in vivo.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Pt/NbCT MXene Composites for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Production of hydrogen from water splitting has been considered as a promising solution for energy conversion and storage. Since a noble metal-based structure is still the most satisfactory but scarce kind of catalyst, it is significant to allow for practical application of such catalysts by engineering the heterogeneous structure and developing green and facile synthetic strategies. Herein, we report a mechanochemical ball milling synthesis of platinum nanoclusters immobilized on a 2D transition metal carbide MXene (NbCT) as an enhanced catalyst for hydrogen evolution.

Physiological clearance of amyloid-beta by the kidney and its therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its clearance from the brain is impaired in sporadic AD. Previous studies suggest that approximately half of the Aβ produced in the brain is cleared by transport into the periphery. However, the mechanism and pathophysiological significance of peripheral Aβ clearance remain largely unknown.

The Correlations Between Plasma Fibrinogen With Amyloid-Beta and Tau Levels in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease.

Recent studies show that fibrinogen plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which may be crucial to neurovascular damage and cognitive impairment. However, there are few clinical studies on the relationship between fibrinogen and AD. 59 C-PiB-PET diagnosed AD patients and 76 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal controls were included to analyze the correlation between plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau levels with fibrinogen levels.

Amyloid-beta uptake by blood monocytes is reduced with ageing and Alzheimer's disease.

Deficits in the clearance of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). The roles of blood monocytes in the development of AD remain unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate the alterations in the Aβ phagocytosis function of peripheral monocytes during ageing and in AD patients.