Phenotypic and genotypic profiles of clinical isolates of various Nocardia species to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones.

Objectives: To establish patterns of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia species to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones and analysis of phenotypic-genotypic correlations.

Methods: Isolates were identified to the species using 16S rRNA, secA1, or rpoB gene sequencing analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method, and WGS was employed to analyse the presence of resistance genes and/or mutations of Nocardia species against carbapenems and fluoroquinolones.

Single-cell multimodal analysis reveals the dynamic immunopathogenesis of HBV-ACLF progression.

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a life-threatening syndrome involving dysfunction of multiple immune cell types.

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively depict the dynamic trajectory of immune responses throughout the disease course of HBV-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF).

Design: Single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell proteomics were performed on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 45 samples from 17 patients who were hospitalised (progressive/stable/recovering course of HBV-ACLF, 6/5/6) and 15 control subjects (liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B and healthy controls, 5/5/5).

Trained human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells restore tissue immuno-microenvironment in fulminant hepatic failure mice.

Background: Trained immunity with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) is a promising approach to liver regeneration. This study aimed to clarify the trained-hBMSC (T-hBMSC) in restoring tissue immuno-microenvironment in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) mice.

Methods: hBMSC trained with tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were phenotypically characterized in vitro.

Performance of the China-CLIF framework in acute-on-chronic liver failure: a multicohort study across all aetiologies.

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) of various aetiologies is a complex syndrome with high short-term mortality and significant global burden.

Objective: To explore easily applicable diagnostic criteria and an accurate prognostic score for ACLF.

Design: Clinical data from 5288 patients (after exclusions from 7388 screened) with acute deterioration of chronic liver disease across various aetiologies were used to evaluate the performance of European Chronic Liver Failure (CLIF) and Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH) criteria.

Sevoflurane aggravates hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in preterm neonates via VGluT1 upregulation and myelinogenesis impairment.

Sevoflurane, a widely used volatile anesthetic, has been associated with neurodevelopmental impairments in neonates, particularly in the context of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of sevoflurane exposure on cognitive function and myelination using a preterm white matter injury (WMI) mouse model. Postnatal day 3 (P3) mice underwent HI induction followed by 3.

Experimental Study on Residual Stress and Deformation Control During Machining of TC18 Titanium Alloy Long Axis.

The residual stress induced during the processing of titanium alloy materials can significantly influence the deformation control of precision-machined workpieces, especially for workpieces characterized by low stiffness and high-precision requirements. In this study, TC18 titanium alloy forgings with a dense structure were manufactured via forging. By conducting turning and heat treatment experiments on the workpiece, the distribution and evolution of residual stress and the deformation characteristics of TC18 titanium alloy on slender shafts were systematically investigated under different turning and heat treatment conditions.

Integrating prior decompensation into ACLF definition to enhance clinical management.

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a complicated syndrome associated with high short-term mortality and reversibility. Whether the prior decompensation should be included in the definition of ACLF is controversial.

Methods: A total of 532 patients with decompensation (prior or first) of chronic liver disease were retrospectively enrolled and analyzed from January 2018 to June 2023.

Nonlinear similarity characterisation and validation of dynamic response of ship stiffened plate structure under explosion load impacts.

The similarity test of ship stiffened plate structures under underwater explosions is a cost-effective and efficient method to evaluate the vitality of ships and guide the design of their shock resistance. This study focuses on the nonlinear impact response model tests of ship stiffened plate structures and their similarity laws with actual ships. The vertical motion of the ship stiffened plate structure is characterized by the Hurst index, and an equivalent relationship between the Hurst index of the model and the prototype is derived from classical similarity law.

N-Butylphthalide Potentiates the Effect of Fluconazole Against Drug-Resistant and . Evidence for Its Mechanism of Action.

Objective: To define the antifungal activity of n-butylphthalide alone or in combination with fluconazole in and .

Methods: The antifungal activity of n-butylphthalide alone and in combination with fluconazole was investigated by the classical broth microdilution method and the time-killing curve method. The QRT-PCR method was used to determine gene expressions changes of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, drug efflux pumps and drug target enzymes in and after n-butylphthalide treatment.

Plasma thrombomodulin as a candidate biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background And Aim: Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a complicated syndrome with high short-term mortality. Effective biomarkers are required for its early diagnosis and prognosis. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of thrombomodulin (TM) in patients with HBV-ACLF.

Infectious Diarrhea Caused by in a 19-Month-Old Child.

Background: , a pathogen known for its strong pathogenicity, is frequently implicated in skin, central nervous system, and lung infections among immunosuppressed hosts, while intestinal nocardiosis is rare. We report the case of infectious diarrhea caused by in a child.

Case Presentation: A 19-month-old female child was admitted to the hospital with fever and diarrhea after the consumption of oranges.

Thrombospondin 1 enhances systemic inflammation and disease severity in acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background: The key role of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) in the pathogenesis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unclear. Here, we present a transcriptome approach to evaluate THBS1 as a potential biomarker in ACLF disease pathogenesis.

Methods: Biobanked peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 330 subjects with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related etiologies, including HBV-ACLF, liver cirrhosis (LC), and chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and normal controls (NC) randomly selected from the Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH) prospective multicenter cohort underwent transcriptome analyses (ACLF = 20; LC = 10; CHB = 10; NC = 15); the findings were externally validated in participants from COSSH cohort, an ACLF rat model and hepatocyte-specific THBS1 knockout mice.

Transcriptomics unveils immune metabolic disruption and a novel biomarker of mortality in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background & Aims: HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a complex syndrome associated with high short-term mortality. This study aims to reveal the molecular basis and identify novel HBV-ACLF biomarkers.

Methods: Seventy patients with HBV-ACLF and different short-term (28 days) outcomes underwent transcriptome sequencing using peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Generation and metabolomic characterization of functional ductal organoids with biliary tree networks in decellularized liver scaffolds.

Developing functional ductal organoids (FDOs) is essential for liver regenerative medicine. We aimed to construct FDOs with biliary tree networks in rat decellularized liver scaffolds (DLSs) with primary cholangiocytes isolated from mouse bile ducts. The developed FDOs were dynamically characterized by functional assays and metabolomics for bioprocess clarification.

ETS2 alleviates acute-on-chronic liver failure by suppressing excessive inflammation.

Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a syndrome with high short-term mortality. The mechanism of the transcription factor ETS2 in ACLF remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the molecular basis of ETS2 in ACLF pathogenesis.

Orthotopic Transplantation of Functional Bioengineered Livers in Rats.

Functional bioengineered livers (FBLs) are promising alternatives to orthotopic liver transplantation. However, orthotopic transplantation of FBLs has not yet been reported. This study aimed to perform the orthotopic transplantation of FBLs in rats subjected to complete hepatectomy.

Glioblastoma Relapse Post-Resection Model for Therapeutic Hydrogel Investigations.

Tumor recurrence is an important factor indicative of a poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM). Many studies are attempting to identify effective therapeutic strategies to prevent the recurrence of GBM after surgery. Bioresponsive therapeutic hydrogels capable of sustaining locally released drugs are frequently used for the local treatment of GBM after surgery.

Clinical characteristics, susceptibility profiles, and treatment of nocardiosis: a multicenter retrospective study in 2015-2021.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the microbiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profiles, antibiotic choice, and outcomes of Nocardia infection in various centers over a 7-year period (from 2015 to 2021).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all hospitalized patients diagnosed with Nocardia between 2015 and 2021. The isolates were identified to the species level through the sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA or secA1 or ropB genes.

Transcriptomics confirm the establishment of a liver-immune dual-humanized mouse model after transplantation of a single type of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell.

Background And Aims: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are important for developing a dual-humanized mouse model to clarify disease pathogenesis. We aimed to elucidate the characteristics of hBMSC transdifferentiation into liver and immune cells.

Methods: A single type of hBMSCs was transplanted into immunodeficient Fah-/- Rag2-/- IL-2Rγc-/- SCID (FRGS) mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).

Predicting the survival benefit of liver transplantation in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: an observational cohort study.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is an effective therapy for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) but is limited by organ shortages. We aimed to identify an appropriate score for predicting the survival benefit of LT in HBV-related ACLF patients.

Methods: Hospitalized patients with acute deterioration of HBV-related chronic liver disease (n = 4577) from the Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH) open cohort were enrolled to evaluate the performance of five commonly used scores for predicting the prognosis and transplant survival benefit.

Clinicopathological and predictive value of MAIT cells in non-small cell lung cancer for immunotherapy.

Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain ineffective in a large group of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a population of unconventional innate-like T lymphocytes abundant in the human body, play important roles in human malignancies. Little is known about the immune characteristics of MAIT cells in NSCLC and correlation with prognosis and response rate of ICIs treatment.