Integrated Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Treg Cell Differentiation and Tumor Microenvironment Interactions in Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major challenge in oncology, necessitating the identification of new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to explore the CRC microenvironment and uncover potential targets using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data from GEO (GSE164522, GSE132465, and GSE144735) were integrated and stratified based on CRC clinical stages and tumor grades.

Assessment of spatial and temporal variability in fecal contamination patterns within urbanized bay shellfish growing area utilizing community-based microbial source tracking approaches.

Fecal contamination poses substantial risks to public health and aquaculture in marine shellfish growing areas. This study evaluated microbial contamination in Tahe Bay using fecal indicator bacteria quantification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Samples were collected over 1 year on a monthly basis from seawater at six sites within the shellfish growing area and one site at a beach area used for bathing.

Impaired sensory-motor integration in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during visual search.

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in school-age children. Abnormal sensory-motor integration, such as concurrent visuomotor selection, is a prominent feature of ADHD. However, underlying pathophysiological substrates of impaired sensory-motor integration in childhood ADHD remain unclear.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of seed germination promoted by trametenolic acid in Gastrodia elata Blume.

Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) is a potential medicinal and edible plant with several active components and pharmacological activity that has a high application value in medicine and the food business. However, in natural conditions, GEB seed has a very low germination rate and depends on two specific fungi, germinal and nutritive fungi, to complete the germination process and growth. Armillaria mellea, while acting as a nutrient supplier, actually inhibits the germination of GEB seeds.

Improved mRNA-based RSV vaccine with PreF forming enveloped virus-like particles.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. However, natural infection fails to induce durable immune protection, and existing mRNA vaccines for older adults exhibit limited long-term efficacy. We developed an antigen engineering strategy inserting ESCRT/ALIX-binding region (EABR) into truncated RSV prefusion F (PreF) cytoplasmic tails to form enveloped virus-like particles (eVLPs).

A single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice.

Cell functions across eukaryotes are driven by specific gene expression programs, which are dependent on chromatin structure. Here we report a single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice, one of the world's major crops. By simultaneously profiling chromatin accessibility and RNA expression in 116,564 cells from eight organs, we identified cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks and described novel cell states, such as a 'transitional state' in floral meristems.

Multidimensional diversity of birds in different habitats of the wetland complex in Huaibei Plain, eastern China.

Wetlands are amongst the most productive ecosystems around the globe, with lots of ecological and social-economic services provided. Better understanding of the spatial distribution of biotic communities in wetlands is not only an important question in ecology, but also critical for biodiversity conservation. From March 2022 to February 2023, 12 monthly surveys were conducted on 10 provincially significant wetlands in the Huaibei Plain using transect and point-count methods.

WD40-protein-mediated crosstalk among three epigenetic marks regulates chromatin states and yield in rice.

Although there is increasing understanding of the regulatory effects of particular epigenetic marks, much less is known about how crosstalk among multiple marks affects genetic regulation. Here, we show that Dwarf-related WD40 protein 1 (DRW1) is involved in DNA 6mA demethylation, H3K27 trimethylation, and RNA mC methylation in rice through its respective recruitment of the DNA demethylase AlkB homolog 1 (OsALKBH1), the histone methyltransferase CURLY LEAF (OsCLF), and NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 2 (OsNSUN2). Knockout of DRW1 significantly reduces the extent of chromatin occupancy by OsALKBH1, OsCLF, and OsNSUN2, resulting in increased chromatin accessibility and enhanced expression of genes associated with brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling.

Neural correlates of emotional working memory predict depression and anxiety.

Introduction: Emotional working memory (WM) plays a critical role in cognitive functions such as emotion regulation, decision-making, and learning. Understanding how emotional stimuli, particularly negative ones, affect WM performance is crucial for identifying cognitive markers of mental health issues like anxiety and depression. Our objective is to determine whether trait anxiety and depression levels are associated with specific performance outcomes in emotional WM and whether behavioral and neural indicators demonstrate statistically significant correlations with individual anxiety and depression levels in university students.

Study on the Properties of Alkali-Excited Concrete Modified by Nano-SiO Based on Response Surface Methodology.

To enhance the mechanical properties and low-carbon characteristics of industrial solid waste concrete, this paper proposes a synergistic modification strategy using nano-SiO and sodium silicate. The nano-SiO sol and sodium silicate activator were prepared using magnetic heating and stirring technology, and a quadratic regression model (R = 0.9575, < 0.

PDCG-Enhanced CNN for Pattern Recognition in Time Series Data.

This study compares the effectiveness of three methods-Fréchet Distance, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-in detecting similarities and pattern recognition in time series. It proposes a Pattern-Driven Case Generator (PDCG) framework to automate the creation of labeled time series data for training CNN models, addressing the challenge of manual dataset curation. By injecting controlled noise and interpolating diverse shapes (e.

The neural dynamics of integrating prior and kinematic information during action anticipation in sport.

Effective action anticipation in sports hinges on the integration of prior knowledge and kinematic cues, enabling athletes to respond swiftly and accurately in real-time scenarios. However, the neural mechanisms supporting this integrative process remain insufficiently understood. This study addressed this gap by using electroencephalography (EEG), combined with both multivariate and univariate analyses, to investigate how expert basketball players and non-athlete controls process prior and kinematic information during a sport-specific action anticipation task.

Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Polyhydroxybutyrate Derived from Azotobacter Vinelandii N-15.

Biodegradable polymers are of great interest in addressing the current pollution problem caused by synthetic petroleum-based polymers. It is well known that various microorganisms synthesize and store high-molecular-weight polyhydroxyalkanoates in their cytoplasm as water-insoluble inclusions. In this study, the bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii N-15 strain is used for bioplastic production.

Intersubject neural similarity reveals the development trajectory of recognition memory in children.

Recognition memory improves with child development, but the neural mechanisms underlying such improvement and the developmental variation remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated how the neural representations during the encoding and retrieval phases of recognition memory change with age, using representational similarity analysis in a sample of children aged 6-13 years (n = 137). Our results indicated that the encoding and retrieval phases have distinct neural patterns of development.

Who is in the driving seat? Assessing innovation performance feedback and digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises.

The use of digital technologies has enabled enterprises to enhance their innovation capabilities and reconstruct their competitive advantage throughout the wave of digital transformation. Previous research has examined the driving forces behind digital transformation through the lens of institutional theory, resource-based views, dynamic capacities, and upper echelons theory. However, these studies have ignored the fact that the decision makers with bounded rationality formulate digital transformation strategies based on "heuristic decisions".

Dietary factors and the risk of gastric and colorectal cancers: A Mendelian randomization study.

Dietary factors can significantly affect the development of gastric and colorectal cancers; however, observational findings on the impact of micronutrients and macronutrients on the risk of gastric and colorectal cancers are inconsistent. It is crucial to clarify these relationships to create nutritional recommendations for cancer prevention. A two-sample Mendelian randomization investigation was performed to examine the impact of circulating levels of 15 micronutrients (such as vitamin A, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, β-carotene, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc), along with adjusted relative macronutrient intake (including protein, carbohydrate, sugar, and fat), on the risk of gastric and colorectal cancers.

c-JUN: a chromatin repressor that limits mesoderm differentiation in human pluripotent stem cells.

Cell fate determination at the chromatin level is not fully comprehended. Here, we report that c-JUN acts on chromatin loci to limit mesoderm cell fate specification as cells exit pluripotency. Although c-JUN is widely expressed across various cell types in early embryogenesis, it is not essential for maintaining pluripotency.

Analysis and validation of serum biomarkers in brucellosis patients through proteomics and bioinformatics.

Introduction: This study aims to utilize proteomics, bioinformatics, and machine learning algorithms to identify diagnostic biomarkers in the serum of patients with acute and chronic brucellosis.

Methods: Proteomic analysis was conducted on serum samples from patients with acute and chronic brucellosis, as well as from healthy controls. Differential expression analysis was performed to identify proteins with altered expression, while Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was applied to detect co-expression modules associated with clinical features of brucellosis.

Development of the relationship between visual selective attention and auditory change detection.

Understanding the developmental trajectories of the auditory and visual systems is crucial to elucidate cognitive maturation and its associated relationships, which are essential for effectively navigating dynamic environments. Our one recent study has shown a positive correlation between the event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes associated with visual selective attention (posterior contralateral N2) and auditory change detection (mismatch negativity) in adults, suggesting an intimate relationship and potential shared mechanism between visual selective attention and auditory change detection. However, the evolution of these processes and their relationship over time remains unclear.

Experimental investigation on mechanical properties and strength criteria of frozen soft rock.

Excavation of underground engineering structures involving deeply buried water-rich soft rocks is generally carried out using the artificial freezing method. A series of undrained uniaxial and triaxial shear and creep tests were conducted on soft rocks under different confining pressures (0, 0.2, 0.

The nuclear matrix stabilizes primed-specific genes in human pluripotent stem cells.

The nuclear matrix, a proteinaceous gel composed of proteins and RNA, is an important nuclear structure that supports chromatin architecture, but its role in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has not been described. Here we show that by disrupting heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) or the nuclear matrix protein, Matrin-3, primed hPSCs adopted features of the naive pluripotent state, including morphology and upregulation of naive-specific marker genes. We demonstrate that HNRNPU depletion leads to increased chromatin accessibility, reduced DNA contacts and increased nuclear size.

Statistical damage constitutive model of soft rock based on Improved Hoek-Brown strength criterion.

It is significant to study the stability of surrounding rock in soft rock tunnels to ensure construction safety and improve efficiency. Through triaxial shear tests on soft rock at various confining pressures, we observed the failure characteristics transitioning from strain softening to strain hardening as confining pressure increases. An improved Hoek-Brown strength criterion has been proposed to characterize the critical confining pressure effect of soft rock, with tensile strength in the tensile zone aligning with experimental results, showing an error of less than 5%.

An oral vaccine based on the Ad5 vector with a double-stranded RNA adjuvant protects mice against respiratory syncytial virus.

A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to prevent acute respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Oral administration offers several advantages, including ease of delivery, minimal stress for vaccine recipients, and greater safety than the systemic injection. In this study, we developed an oral vaccine candidate based on the human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vector, Ad5-PreF-DS2, encoding a prefusion protein of RSV with a dsRNA as an endogenous adjuvant.

Global Meta-Analysis of Individual and Combined Nitrogen Inhibitors: Enhancing Plant Productivity and Reducing Environmental Losses.

Nitrogen (N) transformation inhibitors have been widely recognized as a promising strategy to enhance crop productivity and mitigate N losses. However, the effectiveness of individual or combined inhibitors can vary significantly across different agroecosystems. Using meta-analysis and cost-benefit analysis (CBA), we synthesized findings from 41 peer-reviewed studies (285 observations) globally to evaluate the efficacy of urease inhibitors (UIs), nitrification inhibitors (NIs), and combined inhibitors (UINIs).