A multi-omics atlas of CAF subtypes reveals apCAF-M2 macrophage interactions driving immune resistance in glioma.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a critical component of the glioma microenvi-ronment and play essential roles in tumor progression and resistance to immunotherapy. To comprehensively characterize CAF heterogeneity and their interactions with immune cells, we conducted an integrative multi-omics analysis incorporating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and multiplex immunofluorescence. This approach identified nine distinct CAF subtypes with phenotypic and functional diversity, including tumor-like CAFs (tCAFs), myofibroblast-like CAFs (myCAFs), vascular CAFs (vCAFs), metabolic CAFs (meCAFs), proliferative CAFs (pCAFs), antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAFs), interferon-responsive CAFs (infCAFs), inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs), and a group of CAFs with unknown identity.

Comprehensive Characterization of the Immune Microenvironment Based on Nested Resampling Machine Learning Framework Identifies TRAF3 Interacting Protein 3 as a Promising Regulator to Improve the Resistance to Immunotherapy in Glioma.

Diffuse glioma, the most prevalent and malignant intracranial tumor, presents a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, which complicates conventional therapeutic approaches. This study conducted a comprehensive prognostic meta-analysis involving 2,968 patients with diffuse glioma and established a comprehensive machine learning framework with nested resampling of 18 machine learning algorithms, and developed the Immune Glioma Survival Signature (IGLoS). This signature, comprising CCL19, ICOSLG, IL11, PTGES, TNFAIP3, and TRAF3IP3, has been demonstrated to predict survival outcomes across a range of cancers and to correlate with tumor progression at the level of multi-omics.

Betaine decreases hepatic lipid deposition through DNA 5 mC and RNA mA methylation-mediated regulation of fatty acid metabolic genes expression in laying hens.

As a methyl donor, betaine participates in hepatic lipid metabolism in mammals. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether and how dietary betaine affects hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens. The current research was conducted to explore the effect of dietary betaine on plasma and hepatic triglycerides (TGs) contents, mRNA and protein expression of fatty acid metabolic genes, and their DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and RNA N6 methyladenosine (mA) methylation levels in the liver of laying hens.

Overexpression of thioredoxin 1 contributes to neuroprotection through ATM activation and pentose phosphate pathway modulation after traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces oxidative stress, leading to secondary injury and neuronal apoptosis. The thioredoxin (Trx) system, a key regulator of redox homeostasis, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), the primary source of NADPH, play critical roles in mitigating oxidative damage. This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of Trx1 in modulating oxidative stress through the Trx1-ATM-PPP axis.

Identification of SURF4 and RALGAPA1 as promising therapeutic targets in glioblastoma and pan-cancer through integrative multi-omics, CRISPR-Cas9 screening and prognostic meta-analysis.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant type of primary brain tumor, with a median survival time of less than two years and a uniformly poor prognosis, despite multimodal therapeutic approaches, which highlights an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. In this study, by integrative multi-omics analysis from CPTAC database, DepMap database and seven independent GBM cohorts, four hub genes (CD44, SURF4, IGSF3 and RALGAPA1) were identified as essential genes regulated by cancer driver genes with robust prognostic value. GBM multi-omics data from public and in-house cohorts validated that CD44 and SURF4 might be synthetic lethal partners of loss-of-function tumor suppressor genes.

Towards injured joint rehabilitation: structural color hydrogels for accelerated wound healing and rehabilitation exercise monitoring.

Joint injuries caused by severe acute trauma seriously affect patients' mobility and quality of life. Traumatic or postoperative wound healing and rehabilitation training are both essential for restoring joint functions, calling for effective wound healing materials that are also capable of monitoring rehabilitation training for joint condition evaluation and physical therapy guiding. Herein, a structural color hydrogel for wound care and naked-eye rehabilitation exercise monitoring of injured joints is designed by constructing a hybrid double-network, which contains a covalently crosslinked network and a Zn coordination based dynamic network.

Comprehensive analysis reveals cholesterol metabolism-related signature for predicting prognosis and guiding individualized treatment of glioma.

Objective: Gliomas are the most common intracranial tumors with the highest degree of malignancy. Disturbed cholesterol metabolism is one of the key features of many malignant tumors, including gliomas. This study aimed to investigate the significance of cholesterol metabolism-related genes in prognostic prediction and in guiding individualized treatment of patients with gliomas.

Unravelling the impact of QRICH1 modulation on endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuronal apoptosis in traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. Secondary brain injury, marked by inflammatory responses and apoptosis, worsens TBI outcomes. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response has been implicated in secondary brain injury, with Glutamine Rich 1 Gene (QRICH1) emerging as a potential mediator.

Enhancing S-nitrosoglutathione reductase decreases S-nitrosylation of ERO1α and reduces neuronal death in secondary traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the highest incidence of all common neurological disorders, along with high mortality and disability rates. Pathological conversion of excess nitric oxide (NO) to S-nitrosoglutathion (GSNO) after TBI leads to high S-nitrosylation of intracellular proteins, causing nitrative stress. GSNO reductase (GSNOR) plays an important role by regulating GSNO and SNO-proteins (PSNOs) and as a redox regulator of the nervous system.

The effects of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that commences subtly and inexorably worsens over time. Despite considerable research, a specific drug that can fully cure or effectively halt the progression of AD remains elusive. Nitric oxide (NO), a crucial signaling molecule in the nervous system, is intimately associated with hallmark pathological changes in AD, such as amyloid-beta deposition and tau phosphorylation.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response: emerging regulators in progression of traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common trauma with high mortality and disability rates worldwide. However, the current management of this disease is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI in depth to improve the treatment options.

Armcx1 attenuates secondary brain injury in an experimental traumatic brain injury model in male mice by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death.

Armcx1 is highly expressed in the brain and is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane of neurons, where it mediates mitochondrial transport. Mitochondrial transport promotes the removal of damaged mitochondria and the replenishment of healthy mitochondria, which is essential for neuronal survival after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the role of Armcx1 and its potential regulator(s) in secondary brain injury (SBI) after TBI.

Supramolecular Photonic Hydrogel for High-Sensitivity Alkaline Phosphatase Detection via Synergistic Driving Force.

Structurally-colored photonic hydrogels which are fabricated by introducing hydrogels into thin films or photonic crystal structures are promising candidates for biosensing. Generally, the design of photonic hydrogel biosensors is based on the sensor-analyte interactions induced charge variation within the hydrogel matrix, or chemically grafting binding sites onto the polymer chains, to achieve significant volume change and color variation of the photonic hydrogel. However, relatively low anti-interference capability or complicated synthesis hinder the facile and low-cost fabrication of high-performance photonic hydrogel biosensors.

Role of hydrogen sulfide in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common acute and severe disease worldwide, which imposes a heavy burden on families and society. However, the current therapeutic strategies for SAH are unsatisfactory. Hydrogen sulfide (H S), as the third gas signaling molecule after carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, has been widely studied recently.

A novel chemiluminescence system for the determination of daidzein and its hydroxyl radical-scavenging capacity.

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) system was established for the determinations of daidzein in pharmaceutical preparations and to assess its ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. It was shown that a strong CL signal generated when eosin Y was mixed with Fenton reagent was decreased significantly when daidzein was added to the reaction system due to partial scavenging of the hydroxyl radicals in the solution. The extent of decrease in the CL intensity had a good stoichiometric relationship with the daidzein concentration.