Segmentation of Portal Vein in Multiphase CTA Image Based on Unsupervised Domain Transfer and Pseudo Label.

Background: Clinically, physicians diagnose portal vein diseases on abdominal CT angiography (CTA) images scanned in the hepatic arterial phase (H-phase), portal vein phase (P-phase) and equilibrium phase (E-phase) simultaneously. However, existing studies typically segment the portal vein on P-phase images without considering other phase images.

Method: We propose a method for segmenting portal veins on multiphase images based on unsupervised domain transfer and pseudo labels by using annotated P-phase images.

Segmentation of multi-regional skeletal muscle in abdominal CT image for cirrhotic sarcopenia diagnosis.

Background: Sarcopenia is generally diagnosed by the total area of skeletal muscle in the CT axial slice located in the third lumbar (L3) vertebra. However, patients with severe liver cirrhosis cannot accurately obtain the corresponding total skeletal muscle because their abdominal muscles are squeezed, which affects the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

Purpose: This study proposes a novel lumbar skeletal muscle network to automatically segment multi-regional skeletal muscle from CT images, and explores the relationship between cirrhotic sarcopenia and each skeletal muscle region.

HDAC6-G3BP2 promotes lysosomal-TSC2 and suppresses mTORC1 under ETV4 targeting-induced low-lactate stress in non-small cell lung cancer.

TSC-mTORC1 inhibition-mediated translational reprogramming is a major adaptation mechanism upon many stresses, such as low-oxygen, -ATP, and -amino acids. But how cancer cells hijack the adaptive pathway to survive under low-lactate stress when targeting glycolysis-related signaling remains uncertain. ETV4 is an oncogenic transcription factor frequently dysregulated in human cancer.

Limb expression 1-like protein promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance via nucleolin-mediated ribosomal RNA synthesis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Limb expression 1-like protein (LIX1L) might be an RNA-binding protein involved in post-transcriptional regulation. However, little is known regarding the biological function and mechanism of LIX1L in cancer cells. Here we demonstrate a clear correlation between LIX1L expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in 81 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, suggesting that LIX1L is a mesenchymal marker.

Fusion of multimodality image and point cloud for spatial surface registration for knee arthroplasty.

Background: Image-guided computer-aided navigation system is an indispensable part of computer assisted orthopaedic surgery. However, the location and number of fiducial markers, the time required to localise fiducial markers in existing systems affect their effectiveness.

Method: The study proposed that spatial surface registration between the point cloud on the surface of the fusion model based on preoperative knee MRI and CT images and the point cloud on the cartilage surface captured by intraoperative laser scanner could solve the above limitations.

Vertebrae Labeling via End-to-End Integral Regression Localization and Multi-Label Classification Network.

Accurate identification and localization of the vertebrae in CT scans is a critical and standard pre-processing step for clinical spinal diagnosis and treatment. Existing methods are mainly based on the integration of multiple neural networks, and most of them use heatmaps to locate the vertebrae's centroid. However, the process of obtaining vertebrae's centroid coordinates using heatmaps is non-differentiable, so it is impossible to train the network to label the vertebrae directly.

Formation of α-helical and β-sheet structures in membrane-bound human IAPP monomer and the resulting membrane deformation.

The amyloid formation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP)-an intrinsically disordered peptide, is associated with type II diabetes. Cellular membranes, especially those composed of negatively-charged lipids, accelerate the hIAPP amyloid fibrillation, and their integrity is disrupted during the aggregation process, leading to cell apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood.

Computer-aided detection in chest radiography based on artificial intelligence: a survey.

As the most common examination tool in medical practice, chest radiography has important clinical value in the diagnosis of disease. Thus, the automatic detection of chest disease based on chest radiography has become one of the hot topics in medical imaging research. Based on the clinical applications, the study conducts a comprehensive survey on computer-aided detection (CAD) systems, and especially focuses on the artificial intelligence technology applied in chest radiography.

Multimodal image registration based on binary gradient angle descriptor.

Purpose: Multimodal image registration plays an important role in image-guided interventions/therapy and atlas building, and it is still a challenging task due to the complex intensity variations in different modalities.

Methods: The paper addresses the problem and proposes a simple, compact, fast and generally applicable modality-independent binary gradient angle descriptor (BGA) based on the rationale of gradient orientation alignment. The BGA can be easily calculated at each voxel by coding the quadrant in which a local gradient vector falls, and it has an extremely low computational complexity, requiring only three convolutions, two multiplication operations and two comparison operations.

Trellis-based feed-forward carrier recovery for coherent optical systems.

An efficient trellis-based phase noise mitigation algorithm is proposed to highly improve the performance of coherent transmission systems, especially in high order modulation formats. The proposed method targets the coherent optical systems where the performance is limited by various sources of phase noise including laser line-width, fiber non-linearity, and phase noise induced by phase-locked loop. Considering hardware limitations of ultra-high data rate processing in optical systems, a hardware-efficient parallelized and pipelined architecture is utilized.

miLBP: a robust and fast modality-independent 3D LBP for multimodal deformable registration.

Purpose: Computer-assisted intervention often depends on multimodal deformable registration to provide complementary information. However, multimodal deformable registration remains a challenging task.

Methods: This paper introduces a novel robust and fast modality-independent 3D binary descriptor, called miLBP, which integrates the principle of local self-similarity with a form of local binary pattern and can robustly extract the similar geometry features from 3D volumes across different modalities.

Alteration of the Intra- and Cross- Hemisphere Posterior Default Mode Network in Frontal Lobe Glioma Patients.

Patients with frontal lobe gliomas often experience neurocognitive dysfunctions before surgery, which affects the default mode network (DMN) to different degrees. This study quantitatively analyzed this effect from the perspective of cerebral hemispheric functional connectivity (FC). We collected resting-state fMRI data from 20 frontal lobe glioma patients before treatment and 20 healthy controls.

[Research of the key technique in virtual endoscopy and its clinical application].

Studying the critical technique of virtual endoscopy (VE), we developed a VE system for clinical application. Computerized tomograph (CT) VE images built by the VE system were compared to those by fiberscopy and pathology. The results showed that the VE system could satisfy the demand of clinical application.