Propensity-score matched analysis comparison of robotic and laparoscopic assisted anorectoplasty for anorectal malformation: a multicenter study.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of robotic-assisted anorectoplasty (RAARP) and laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty (LAARP) in children with high and intermediate -type anorectal malformations (ARMs).

Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of a multicenter database of high and intermediate -type ARMs patients undergoing RAARP or LAARP at four centers from April 2011 to April 2024. Data on patients' demographics, perioperative outcomes, and postoperative complications were collected.

MiRNA-29b accelerates the PDGF in exosomes and stimulates hepatic stellate cells to promote liver fibrosis in biliary atresia.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is one of the most common liver diseases in infants and young children. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. The purpose was to investigate the mechanism by which the highly expressed miRNA-29b in exosomes regulates the high expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) through methylation, hepatic stellate cell activation, and participation in the hepatic fibrosis of BA.

Comparative analysis of Da Vinci robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery for congenital choledochal cyst in neonates.

Objective: This study aims to compare and analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of Da Vinci robotic surgery (RS) versus traditional laparoscopic surgery (LS) for the treatment of congenital choledochal cyst (CCC) in neonates.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed sixty-seven neonatal cases of CCC admitted to our hospital between December 2018 and December 2024. The cases were categorized into the robotic group (n = 32) and the laparoscopic group (n = 35) based on the surgical technique employed.

Advantages of the Da Vinci robotic system in choledochal cyst surgery: a multi-dimensional comparative study with traditional laparoscopic techniques.

The Da Vinci robot-assisted surgical technology signifies a substantial advancement in pediatric surgery for the treatment of congenital structural malformations. This research endeavor aims to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of the therapeutic efficacy and assess the clinical applicability and value of the Da Vinci robot-assisted surgical method in relation to the conventional laparoscopic surgical technique, particularly in the management of congenital choledochal cysts. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 117 pediatric patients diagnosed with congenital choledochal cysts, who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University between January 2019 and October 2024.

Clinical insights from a rare case of neonatal upper gastrointestinal obstruction complicated by H-Type tracheoesophageal fistula: case report and review of the literature.

We present a rare case of a 3-day-old male infant presenting with both annular pancreas (AP) and H-type esophageal atresia (H-TEF). Initially, our focus was solely on the upper gastrointestinal malformation in the child, and the misdiagnosis of a concurrent Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) was corrected only after a secondary surgery. Therefore, this article aims to discuss methods for accurately diagnosing this rare anomaly and performing timely surgery to improve the prognosis of the child and enhance their quality of life.

Case Report: Living donor liver transplantation for the treatment of recurrent pediatric acute liver failure with neuroblastoma amplified sequence gene mutation: a literature review.

Background: Biallelic mutations in the neuroblastoma amplified sequence () gene can cause recurrent acute liver failure (RALF) and multi-systemic disease.

Case Presentation: Herein, we report a 3-year-old Chinese boy with RALF due to a novel heterozygote mutation c.3596G>A(p.

Bile Acids Modulate Hepatic Glycolipid Metabolism via the Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis in Lambs.

Background: Bile acids are essential molecules that facilitate lipid emulsification and function as signaling molecules mediating host-microbiota interactions. They shape the gut microbial structure and function, playing a critical role in metabolic regulation via the gut-liver axis.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous bile acids, primarily hyocholic acid (HCA), on the microbiota-gut-liver metabolism in male Tan-lambs fed a high-grain diet.

Comparison of robot-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted modified Soave short muscle cuff anastomosis surgeries for classical Hirschsprung disease.

Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of robot-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted modified Soave with that of short muscular cuff anastomosis surgery for classical Hirschsprung disease (HSCR).

Methods: Sixty children with HSCR who underwent surgical treatment in our department between January 2021 and December 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. The collected data included operative time, anal dissection time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and postoperative defecation control status.

Nonylphenol exposure increases the risk of Hirschsprung's disease by inducing macrophage M1 polarization.

Nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant used as a surfactant in industrial production and classified as an endocrine disruptor, could interfere hormone secretion and exhibit neurotoxicity in organisms. Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), one of the most frequently observed congenital malformations of the digestive system, arises mainly due to the failure of enteric neural crest cells to migrate to the distal colon during embryonic development. However, the effects of NP exposure on HSCR are largely unknown.

Phase transition in magic with random quantum circuits.

Magic is a property of quantum states that enables universal fault-tolerant quantum computing using simple sets of gate operations. Understanding the mechanisms by which magic is created or destroyed is, therefore, a crucial step towards efficient and practical fault-tolerant computation. We observe that a random stabilizer code subject to coherent errors exhibits a phase transition in magic, which we characterize through analytic, numeric and experimental probes.

Comparison of trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopic complete extraperitoneal closure and laparoscopic intracorporeal closure for pediatric inguinal hernia: a randomized controlled study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of Trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopic complete extraperitoneal closure (LCEC) and laparoscopic intracorporeal closure (LIC) for inguinal hernia by analysis of follow-up data over 5 years.

Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 524 children with inguinal hernia were randomly assigned to undergo LCEC or LIC between August 2016 and December 2017. The primary outcome measures were the success and recurrence rates.

Comparison of Da Vinci Robotic-Assisted with Open Kasai Portoenterostomy for Biliary Atresia.

Background: Robotic-assisted Kasai portoenterostomy (RAKPE) has been used to treat biliary atresia (BA). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of RAKPE and open Kasai portoenterostomy (OKPE) for BA.

Methods: Thirty-one children with type III BA who underwent surgical treatment in two centers from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected.

Digital quantum simulation of NMR experiments.

Simulations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments can be an important tool for extracting information about molecular structure and optimizing experimental protocols but are often intractable on classical computers for large molecules such as proteins and for protocols such as zero-field NMR. We demonstrate the first quantum simulation of an NMR spectrum, computing the zero-field spectrum of the methyl group of acetonitrile using four qubits of a trapped-ion quantum computer. We reduce the sampling cost of the quantum simulation by an order of magnitude using compressed sensing techniques.

Copula-based risk aggregation with trapped ion quantum computers.

Copulas are mathematical tools for modeling joint probability distributions. In the past 60 years they have become an essential analysis tool on classical computers in various fields. The recent finding that copulas can be expressed as maximally entangled quantum states has revealed a promising approach to practical quantum advantages: performing tasks faster, requiring less memory, or, as we show, yielding better predictions.

Case report: a case of multiple splenic abscesses in a child and literature review.

Splenic abscesses in children are very rare, and multiple splenic abscesses are rarer. These lesions are difficult to diagnose quickly because of their low incidence and the low specificity of the associated clinical and imaging findings. The treatment of splenic abscesses includes conservative treatment, percutaneous drainage, and splenectomy, but the selection criteria for treatment are still unclear.

Value of gallbladder length-to-width ratio for diagnosis of biliary atresia by correlation with age.

The objective is to explore the correlation between ultrasonic gallbladder length-width ratio (LTWR) and age, and the value of differential diagnosis between biliary atresia (BA) and other hepatic cholestasis. From January 2016 to June 2022, the data of 183 patients with jaundice who underwent abdominal ultrasound and surgical exploration in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. The demographic data, liver function, and ultrasonic parameters were recorded and analyzed.

Thoracoscopic surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonates: Should it be the first choice?

Objective: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening surgical condition in neonates. Surgery can be performed by either open or thoracoscopic techniques. In this study, we compared the clinical efficacy, safety, and effectiveness of thoracoscopic and open CDH repair.

Relationship between the expression levels of CD4+ T cells, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-33 in the liver of biliary atresia and postoperative cholangitis, operative age and early jaundice clearance.

Objective: To investigate the expression levels of CD4+ T cells, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-33 in liver tissue of BA, and the relationship with postoperative cholangitis, operative age and early jaundice clearance.

Methods: 45 cases of jaundice treated in the hospital from June 2018 to May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The expression and distribution of these factors were detected by HE staining and immunohistochemistry, the total bilirubin level and the incidence of cholangitis were recorded, and the relationship between liver inflammation level and the postoperative incidence of cholangitis, age of operation and early jaundice clearance were compared.

Comparative analysis of cystic biliary atresia and choledochal cysts.

Objective: Cystic biliary atresia (CBA) is a rare and peculiar type of biliary atresia (BA) that is easily confused with infantile choledochal cysts (CCs). This study explored information for early CBA diagnosis and treatment.

Method: The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 children with hilar cysts from January 2013 to May 2021.

Optimizing Stabilizer Parities for Improved Logical Qubit Memories.

We study variants of Shor's code that are adept at handling single-axis correlated idling errors, which are commonly observed in many quantum systems. By using the repetition code structure of the Shor's code basis states, we calculate the logical channel applied to the encoded information when subjected to coherent and correlated single qubit idling errors, followed by stabilizer measurement. Changing the signs of the stabilizer generators allows us to change how the coherent errors interfere, leading to a quantum error-correcting code which performs as well as a classical repetition code of equivalent distance against these errors.

Fault-tolerant control of an error-corrected qubit.

Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the control complexity of the encoded logical qubit. Fault-tolerant circuits contain the spread of errors while controlling the logical qubit, and are essential for realizing error suppression in practice.

Many-body thermodynamics on quantum computers via partition function zeros.

Partition functions are ubiquitous in physics: They are important in determining the thermodynamic properties of many-body systems and in understanding their phase transitions. As shown by Lee and Yang, analytically continuing the partition function to the complex plane allows us to obtain its zeros and thus the entire function. Moreover, the scaling and nature of these zeros can elucidate phase transitions.

Quantum walks and Dirac cellular automata on a programmable trapped-ion quantum computer.

The quantum walk formalism is a widely used and highly successful framework for modeling quantum systems, such as simulations of the Dirac equation, different dynamics in both the low and high energy regime, and for developing a wide range of quantum algorithms. Here we present the circuit-based implementation of a discrete-time quantum walk in position space on a five-qubit trapped-ion quantum processor. We encode the space of walker positions in particular multi-qubit states and program the system to operate with different quantum walk parameters, experimentally realizing a Dirac cellular automaton with tunable mass parameter.