Trop2-targeted therapy in breast cancer.

Human trophoblastic cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is a glycoprotein, a cellular marker of trophoblastic and stem cells, and a calcium signaling transducer involved in several signaling pathways, leading to the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. It is expressed at a low level in normal epithelial cells, but at a high level in many tumors, making it an ideal target for cancer therapy. According to previous literature, Trop2 is broadly expressed in all breast cancer subtypes, especially in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Identification of common genetic variants in family genes associated with gastric cancer survival in a Chinese population.

The family of genes ( - ), encoding voltage-gated K (Kv) channels, have been demonstrated to play potential pathophysiological roles in cancers. However, the associations between genetic variants located in family genes and gastric cancer survival remain unclear. In this study, a large-scale cohort comprising 1135 Chinese gastric cancer patients was enrolled to identify genetic variants in family genes associated with overall survival (OS).

Plasma Thioredoxin Reductase as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer.

Background: Early diagnosis of breast cancer is critical to the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our aim is to explore more practical and effective diagnostic methods to facilitate early treatment and improve prognosis for breast cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: The Mann-Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve, Youden index, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used to determine whether plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) could be used for the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer.

Plasma Thioredoxin Reductase as a Potential Biomarker for Gynecologic Cancer.

Background: According to previous literatures, plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) level was significantly elevated in various malignant tumors and serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic prediction. However, there is little awareness of the clinical value of plasma TrxR in gynecologic malignancies. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma TrxR in gynecologic cancer and explore its role in treatment surveillance.

Thioredoxin reductase as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and efficacy prediction of gastrointestinal malignancy: a large-scale, retrospective study.

Background: Our aim was to investigate the rationality and accuracy of plasma TrxR activity as an efficient tool in the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancy, and whether TrxR can be used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of gastrointestinal malignancy.

Methods: We enrolled a total of 5091 cases, including 3736 cases in gastrointestinal malignancy, 964 in benign diseases, and 391 cases in healthy controls. We also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate diagnostic efficiency of TrxR.

Disitamab vedotin, a novel HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate in gastric cancer and other solid tumors.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), a combination of cytotoxic drugs and antibodies, have emerged as a rising star in cancer therapy. Disitamab vedotin (RC48), a novel ADC targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is currently being explored in a variety of malignancies. Compared with conventional HER2-targeting agents, RC48 is characterized by a wider therapeutic window and less toxicity to normal tissues.

Plasma thioredoxin reductase: a potential diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer.

To improve the early detection of gastric cancer (GC), there is a growing need for novel and efficient biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic value of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), which was found to be over expressed in various malignancies. We found that TXNRD1 has a higher expression level in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and high TXNRD1 expression was significantly associated with poor outcomes of GC patients.

Knockdown of nuclear receptor binding SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1) inhibits proliferation and facilitates apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells via inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The burden of breast cancer (BC) has exacerbated over decades. Paclitaxel resistance is responsible for increasing BC treatment burden. Nuclear receptor binding SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1) is positively correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with BC.

The drugs screened by OncoVee-Mini-PDX have significantly benefited the patient with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer.

Introduction: At present, the prognosis of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer is extremely poor, and some patients fail to benefit from first-line Herceptin treatment, thus facing difficulties in choosing second-line drugs.

Case Report: Here, we report a 61-year-old male patient with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer who is primarily resistant to Herceptin and has poor therapeutic effect.

Management & Outcome: Afterwards, the OncoVee-MiniPDX-guided anticancer method was used to screen drugs for second-line treatment, which resulted in liquefaction and necrosis of the patient's lesions and improved liver function indicators, as well as rapid relief of the patient's clinical symptoms.

OncoVee™-MiniPDX-Guided Anticancer Treatment for Gastric Cancer Patients With Synchronous Liver Metastases: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Background: It is estimated that 35% of gastric cancer patients appear with synchronous distant metastases-the vast majority of patients presenting with metastatic hepatic disease. How to choose the most appropriate drugs or regimens is crucial to improve the prognosis of patients. We conducted this retrospective cohort analysis to evaluate the efficacy of OncoVee™-MiniPDX-guided treatment for these patients.

Platinum-based systematic therapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Due to the lack of definitive hormone receptors, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients receive little clinical benefit from endocrine or molecular targeted therapies, leading to a highly aggressive disease with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. In the past decades, chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for TNBC, with taxane/anthracyclines as the representative regimen. However, increasing irreversible cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines and drug-resistance had to be noticed.

Nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells via regulating nuclear factor kappa B and F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 11.

Breast cancer (BC) is regarded as the major cause of cancer-associated deaths in women. Paclitaxel exerts a critical impact on the chemotherapy of BC, but the resistance to paclitaxel becomes a great obstacle in treating the disease. It is reported that noncoding RNA nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) plays a significant role in drug resistance; however, the special role of NSD1 in paclitaxel-resistant BC is unclear.

The regulatory relationship and function of LncRNA FAM225A-miR-206-ADAM12 in gastric cancer.

Objective: To investigate the role and functions of FAM225A in gastric cancer.

Methods: The expressions of FAM225A, miR-206, ADAM12 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Functional experiments including cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound-healing, and Transwell assays were conducted to analyze the biological characteristics of gastric cancer cells in different groups.

Apatinib inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via the AKT/GSK signaling pathway .

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally. Although the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for GC have improved, the prognosis for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remains poor. Hence, the present study sought to design a zebrafish model established by microinjecting human MGC-803 GC cell line for studying personalized molecular-targeted cancer therapy.

Progress and challenges of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer, is defined as lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression. Compared with other subtypes in breast cancer, TNBC is more likely to recur and metastasize, with a lower survival rate. Due to the absence of definitive targets, there was limited novel therapeutic interventions and chemotherapy remained the primary treatment in the past decades.

HER2-targeted therapies in gastric cancer.

Molecular targeted therapy of cancer has always been the focus of clinicians. Among those therapeutic targets, the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) signaling pathway is one of the most popular targets for translational research in cancer. However, unlike prospect in breast cancer, HER-2 inhibitor trastuzumab is the only molecular targeted drug approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the first-line treatment of HER-2 positive advanced gastric cancer.

Circulating tumor cells: A surrogate to predict the effect of treatment and overall survival in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background: Circulating tumor cells and serum tumor markers have been found significant in predicting outcome for several malignancies. However, their role in gastric cancer is not fully clarified. We conducted a retrospective study to explore the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells and their applicability in assessing the treatment efficacy in gastric cancers.

Pyrotinib in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer: A case report.

Rationale: Pyrotinib is a novel dual pan-ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, approved for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, there was still limited information regarding specific effect of pyrotinib on HER2-positive MBC patients with phosphoinositol-3 kinase mutation.

Patient Concerns: A 63-year-old woman accidentally discovered a left breast lesion.

Isobavachalcone sensitizes cells to E2-induced paclitaxel resistance by down-regulating CD44 expression in ER+ breast cancer cells.

Oestrogen receptor (ER) is expressed in approximately 60%-70% of human breast cancer. Clinical trials and retrospective analyses have shown that ER-positive (ER+) tumours are more tolerant to chemotherapeutic drug resistance than ER-negative (ER-) tumours. In addition, isobavachalcone (IBC) is known as a kind of phytoestrogen with antitumour effect.

A genetic variant located in the miR-532-5p-binding site of TGFBR1 is associated with the colorectal cancer risk.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified genes in the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway that are responsible for regulating carcinogenesis.

Methods: We searched for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) that might affect the ability of miRNAs to bind genes in the TGFβ pathway for further analysis. We used TaqMan technology to genotype these SNPs in a population-based case-control study of 1147 colorectal cancer patients and 1203 matched controls in a Chinese population.

STAT3-induced lncRNA HAGLROS overexpression contributes to the malignant progression of gastric cancer cells via mTOR signal-mediated inhibition of autophagy.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of functional regulators involved in human cancers development, including gastric cancer (GC). Studying aberrantly expressed lncRNAs may provide us with new insights into the occurrence and development of gastric cancer by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In this study, we aim to examine the expression pattern of lncRNA HAGLROS in GC and its clinical significance as well as its biological role in tumor progression.

Survival Benefit and Safety of Bevacizumab in Combination with Erlotinib as Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Recently, the need for maintenance chemotherapy arose as a result of the significantly improved survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) without increasing adverse events. Currently used maintenance regimens are fluoropyrimidines, bevacizumab, and the combination of fluoropyrimidine with bevacizumab. A new combination with bevacizumab and erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the epithelial growth factor receptor, has shown synergistic effects in preclinical tests and promising results in some clinical trials.

Survival benefit and safety of the combinations of FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab versus the combinations of FOLFIRI ± bevacizumab as first-line treatment for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: The survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) could be improved with exposure to three active drugs, irinotecan, fluorouracil/leucovorin, and oxaliplatin, irrespective of their sequence. However, only 50%-80% of patients can be exposed to all the three drugs in a sequential strategy with two-drug combinations. We carried out this systematic assessment to compare the survival benefit and safety of FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, fluorouracil/leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) ± bevacizumab (with or without bevacizumab) versus FOLFIRI (irinotecan and fluorouracil/leucovorin) ± bevacizumab (with or without bevacizumab) as first-line treatment for unresectable mCRC.

Common genetic variation in ETV6 is associated with colorectal cancer susceptibility.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer, but much of heritability remains unexplained. To identify additional susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer, here we perform a GWAS in 1,023 cases and 1,306 controls and replicate the findings in seven independent samples from China, comprising 5,317 cases and 6,887 controls. We find a variant at 12p13.

Gemcitabine plus S-1: a hopeful frontline treatment for Asian patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer.

Objective: Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is widely used for unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer which contains locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. We performed meta-analysis to examine whether gemcitabine plus S-1 could improve treatment efficacy as first-line chemotherapy for those patients when compared with gemcitabine alone.

Methods: STATA was used to estimate the summary hazard ratios or odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals.