The Significant Impact of Biomass Burning Emitted Particles on Typical Haze Pollution in Changsha, China.

In this study, typical haze pollution influenced by biomass burning (BB) activities in Changsha in the autumn of 2024 was investigated through the mixing state and evolution process of BB particles via the real-time measurement of single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). From the clean period to the haze period, the PM concentration increased from 25 μg·m at 12:00 to 273 μg·m at 21:00 on 12 October, and the proportion of total BB single particles in the total detected particles increased from 17.2% to 54%.

Characteristics of Ship-Emitted VOCs and Their Contributions to Urban Atmospheric VOCs in Guangzhou, China.

With the implementation of China's low-sulfur fuel policy, the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from ship exhausts have changed significantly, and the influence of these emissions on the local atmosphere of port cities needs to be evaluated. In this study, the characteristics of localized source profiles of ship-emitted VOCs with respect to different ship types, fuel types, and engine operating conditions were analyzed in Guangzhou Port. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) dominated in ferry (91.

Identification and Characterization of Atmospheric Nickel-Containing Particles in Guangzhou After the Implementation of the Clean Fuel Policy.

Nickel, as a toxic trace element in fine particulate matter (PM), has detrimental effects on both air quality and human health. Based on measurements from 2020 to 2021 using a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), this study investigates the properties of nickel-containing particles (NCPs) in Guangzhou. The composition, sources, and temporal trends of NCPs were evaluated and the impact of the clean ship fuel policy introduced in 2020 was also examined.

Single particle mass spectral signatures from on-road and non-road vehicle exhaust particles and their application in refined source apportionment using deep learning.

With advances in vehicle emission control technology, updating source profiles to meet the current requirements of source apportionment has become increasingly crucial. In this study, on-road and non-road vehicle particles were collected, and then the chemical compositions of individual particles were analyzed using single particle aerosol mass spectrometry. The data were grouped using an adaptive resonance theory neural network to identify signatures and establish a mass spectral database of mobile sources.

Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Airport Sources and Their Effects on Ozone Production.

In recent years, commercial air transport has increased considerably. However, the compositions and source profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from aircraft are still not clear. In this study, the characteristics of VOCs (including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs)) emitted from airport sources were measured at Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport.

Influence of ozone pollution on the mixing state and formation of oxygenated organics containing single particles.

The formation and aging processes of oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are important for understanding the formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the field. In this study, we investigated the mixing states of OOM particles by identifying several oxygenated species along with the distributions of secondary organic carbon (SOC) during both clean and ozone (O)-polluted periods in July and September of 2022 in Guangzhou, China. OOM-containing particles accounted for 57 % and 49 % of the total detected single particles in July and September, respectively.

Enhancing traditional Chinese medicine diagnostics: Integrating ontological knowledge for multi-label symptom entity classification.

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted syndrome differentiation and disease diagnoses primarily confront the challenges of accurate symptom identification and classification. This study introduces a multi-label entity extraction model grounded in TCM symptom ontology, specifically designed to address the limitations of existing entity recognition models characterized by limited label spaces and an insufficient integration of domain knowledge. This model synergizes a knowledge graph with the TCM symptom ontology framework to facilitate a standardized symptom classification system and enrich it with domain-specific knowledge.

Mixing states and secondary formation processes of organic nitrogen-containing single particles in Guangzhou, China.

Organic nitrogen (ON) compounds play a significant role in the light absorption of brown carbon and the formation of organic aerosols, however, the mixing state, secondary formation processes, and influencing factors of ON compounds are still unclear. This paper reports on the mixing state of ON-containing particles based on measurements obtained using a high-performance single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in January 2020 in Guangzhou. The ON-containing particles accounted for 21% of the total detected single particles, and the particle count and number fraction of the ON-containing particles were two times higher at night than during the day.

The significant contribution of nitrate to a severe haze event in the winter of Guangzhou, China.

A severe haze pollution occurred in Guangzhou from January 14 to 16, 2021, during which the mass concentration of PM ranged from 76 to 243 μg m. This level of pollution was rarely observed in recent years considering the improved air quality in Guangzhou. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively study the formation mechanisms of this severe haze pollution to prevent its reoccurrence.

Long-Term Observation of Mixing States and Sources of Vanadium-Containing Single Particles from 2020 to 2021 in Guangzhou, China.

The distribution of vanadium (V) in aerosols is commonly used to track ship exhaust emissions, yet the atmospheric abundance of V has been greatly reduced due to the implementation of a clean fuel policy. Recent research mainly discussed the chemical compositions of ship-related particles during specific events, yet few studies focus on the long-term changes of V in the atmosphere. In this study, a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used to measure V-containing particles from 2020 to 2021 in Huangpu Port in Guangzhou, China.

Chemical characterization and source attribution of organic pollutants in industrial wastewaters from a Chinese chemical industrial park.

Accelerated urbanization and industrialization have led to an alarming increase in the generation of wastewater with complex chemical contents. Industrial wastewaters are often a primary source of water contamination. The chemical characterization of different industrial wastewater types is an essential task to interpret the chemical fingerprints of wastewater to identify pollution sources and develop efficient water treatment strategies.

Combining the External Medical Knowledge Graph Embedding to Improve the Performance of Syndrome Differentiation Model.

The electronic medical records (EMRs) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) include a wealth of TCM knowledge and syndrome diagnosis information, which is crucial for improving the quality of TCM auxiliary decision-making. In practical diagnosis, one disease corresponds to one syndrome, posing considerable hurdles for the informatization of TCM. The purpose of this work was to create an end-to-end TCM diagnostic model, and the knowledge graph (KG) created in this article is used to improve the model's information and realize auxiliary decision-making for TCM disorders.

Emission factors and source profiles of volatile organic compounds from typical industrial sources in Guangzhou, China.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of ozone (O) and fine particulate matter (PM). An accurate depiction of the emission characteristics of VOCs is the key to formulating VOC control strategies. In this study, the VOC emission factors and source profiles in five industrial sectors were developed using large-scale field measurements conducted in Guangzhou, China (100 samples for the emission factors and 434 samples for the source profile measurements).

Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a high performance-single particle aerosol mass spectrometer.

The real-time detection of the mixing states of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs in ambient particles is of great significance for analyzing the source, aging process, and health effects of PAHs and nitro-PAHs; yet there is still few effective technology to achieve this type of detection. In this study, 11 types of PAH and nitro-PAH standard samples were analyzed using a high performance-single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (HP-SPAMS) in lab studies. The identification principles 'parent ions' and 'mass-to-charge (m/z) = 77' of each compound were obtained in this study.

Measurement of the mixing state of PAHs in individual particles and its effect on PAH transport in urban and remote areas and from major sources.

Although recent laboratory simulations have demonstrated that organic matter prevents the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their role in the long-range transport of PAHs in the real atmosphere remains poorly understood. In this study, we measured the chemical composition and mixing state of PAHs-containing individual particles in aerosols from three sources, one urban area and one remote area. PAHs-containing particles were classified into five types: organic carbon (OC), potassium mixed with organic carbon (KOC), potassium mixed with sodium (KNa), Krich and PAH-rich.

Insights into the different mixing states and formation processes of amine-containing single particles in Guangzhou, China.

The formation processes of particulate amines are closely related to their emission sources and secondary reactions, which can be revealed through the investigation of their real-time mixing states in individual particles. The mixing states of methylamine (MA)-, trimethylamine (TMA)-, and diethylamine (DEA)-containing particles were studied using a high-performance single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (HP-SPAMS) in Guangzhou, China, in January 2020. The sharp increase in TMA particles was found to be closely associated with the increase in the ambient relative humidity (RH), while the MA- and DEA-containing particles were not similarly influenced by the changes in the RH.

Seasonal variations of imidazoles in urban areas of Beijing and Guangzhou, China by single particle mass spectrometry.

Imidazoles (IMs) are potential contributors to brown carbon; they may notably contribute to climate radiative forcing. However, only a few studies have assessed the mixing state, seasonal and spatial distributions of IMs, and influencing factors for IM formation in urban aerosols. In this study, two single-particle aerosol mass spectrometers were employed to investigate the IM-containing particles in the urban areas of Beijing and Guangzhou, China.

Decision-Making System for the Diagnosis of Syndrome Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Knowledge Graph.

The clinical informatization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) focuses on serving users and assisting in diagnosis. The rules of clinical knowledge play an important role in improving the TCM informatization service. However, many rules are difficult to find because of the complexity of the data in the current TCM syndrome prediction.

Real-time chemical characterization of single ambient particles at a port city in Chinese domestic emission control area - Impacts of ship emissions on urban air quality.

The domestic emission control area (DECA) policy has been implemented in China since 2017. However, its impact on ship emissions and in turn urban air quality is still unclear. In this study, real-time single particle measurements were carried out at a site in urban Guangzhou, about 1 km downwind of Huangpu Port, the largest maritime transport hub in southern China, in the summer of 2020 using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS).

Enhanced mixing state of black carbon with nitrate in single particles during haze periods in Zhengzhou, China.

Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in air quality and climate change, which is closely associated with its mixing state and chemical compositions. In this work the mixing state of BC-containing single particles was investigated to explore the evolution process of ambient BC particles using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) in March 2018 in Zhengzhou, China. The BC-containing particles accounted for 61.

Exploration of O-precursor relationship and observation-oriented O control strategies in a non-provincial capital city, southwestern China.

To investigate photochemical ozone (O) formation and provide localized control strategies, an intensive sampling of O and its precursors (i.e. volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO = NO + NO)) were conducted at an urban site in Leshan, Sichuan province during 4-13 August 2019.

Primary emissions and secondary production of organic aerosols from heated animal fats.

Cooking is an important source of primary organic aerosol (POA) in urban areas, and it may also generate abundant non-methane organic gases (NMOGs), which form oxidized organic aerosol (OOA) after atmospheric oxidation. Edible fats play an important role in a balanced diet and are part of various types of cooking. We conducted laboratory studies to examine the primary emissions of POA and NMOGs and OOA formation using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) for three animal fats (i.

The enhanced mixing states of oxalate with metals in single particles in Guangzhou, China.

Recently, internal mixing states of oxalate with metals in single particles have been reported from field studies, yet the role of metals in the formation processes of oxalate remains unclear due to the diversity of chemical components and complex atmospheric environment. In this study, the mixing states of oxalate with five metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), vanadium (V) and iron (Fe) were investigated in Guangzhou, China. It was found that 55% of oxalate-containing particles were internally mixed with these metals.

Summertime atmospheric dicarboxylic acids and related SOA in the background region of Yangtze River Delta, China: Implications for heterogeneous reaction of oxalic acid with sea salts.

The diacid chemistry of summertime PM and the size-segregated aerosols (9-stages) in Chongming Island, a coastal site in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China, were investigated. Our results showed that oxalic acid (C) was the dominant dicarboxylic acid, followed by succinic acid (C), malonic acid (C), adipic acid (C) and phthalic acid (Ph). Two types of haze pollution events were identified during the sampling period, i.