Ultralong afterglow enabled by energy relay from room-temperature phosphorescent matrixes to local dipoles.

Long-persistent afterglows based on organic donor-acceptor systems feature ultra-long duration reaching hours, leading to the advantages in long-time-range display and bio/medical applications. However, the understanding of this optical phenomenon is insufficient. Herein, dibenzothiophene-phosphine oxide hybrids named nDBTxPO with different room temperature phosphorescence characteristics are used as acceptor matrixes.

Equalized Dual Emissions from Copper Complexes via Multichannel Balanced Intersystem Crossing: Toward 100% Quantum Efficiencies.

Luminescent materials have important applications in biology, medicine, catalysis, energy, information technology, and so on. However, to suppress quenching and improve efficiencies, how to balance singlet and triplet radiations for efficient dual emission composed of equalized thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report that based on a rigid skeleton of triphosphine CuI complex, modification with carbazole donors results in high-lying ligand-centered charge transfer states, which provide additional channels for accurately optimizing the singlet-triplet ratios.

Energy Transfer Loop Enables Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with >20% EQE and Near-Zero Roll-Offs at 10 Nits.

The bottleneck in efficiency stability at high luminance limits the development of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) diodes, due to the insufficient management of quenching factors, especially exciton-phonon coupling during reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) assistant with vibrational coupling. Herein, this challenge is overcome by a TADF sensitizer based "energy transfer loop" strategy. A dimethylacridine-phosphole oxide hybrid sensitizer named 24DDMACPPPO is constructed with vibration-free RISC and excited-state energy levels equal to a TADF emitter 4CzTPNBu.

Tightly bonded excitons in chiral metal clusters for luminescent brilliance.

Chiral metal clusters have promise for circularly polarized luminescent materials; however, the absence of a unified understanding of the emission mechanism causes challenges in designing high-efficiency lighting materials based on these clusters. These challenges primarily arise from their vast structural variability and intricate emissive states. In this study, we show the crucial roles of the exciton binding energy and electron‒phonon interactions in achieving high-efficiency phosphorescence.

Planar Chiral Charge-Transfer Cyclophanes: Convenient Synthesis, Circularly Polarized Light-Responsive Photothermal Conversion and Supramolecular Chiral Assembly.

We report herein a series of macrocycles in which the densely π-stacked charge-transfer (CT) donor/acceptor with naphthalenediimides (NDIs) or perylene diimide (PDI) as acceptor moiety pairing various donor moieties are locked by covalent bond. The X-ray crystallography of C8BDT-NDI reveals a short intramolecular π-stacking distance around 3.4 Å and the existence of intermolecular donor/acceptor π-stacking (3.

Phosphine Oxide-Nd Coordination Chains with Cumulated Output Enable Efficient LED-Pumping Optical Amplification.

Near-infrared luminescent rare-earth organic complexes have attracted intensive attention in the field of optical waveguide amplification. However, their optical gains were commonly less than 4 dB/cm due to limited doping concentrations. Herein, two one-dimensional (1D) Nd coordination chains, namely, [Nd(TTA)(DBTDPO)] () and [Nd(TTA)(DPEPO)] (), bridged by phosphine oxide ligands were developed for the neodymium-doped waveguide amplifier.

Ligand-mediate exciton allocation enables efficient cluster-based white light-emitting diodes via single and heavy doping.

Despite potential in high-resolution and low-cost displays and lighting, multi-doping structures and low concentrations (<1%) limit repeatability and stability of single-emissive-layer white light-emitting devices. Herein, we report a singly doped white-emitting system of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence host matrix (CzAcSF) doped by yellow CuI cluster ([tBCzDppy]CuI). CzAcSF:x% [tBCzDppy]CuI films realize photo- and electro-luminescence colors from cool white to warm white at x = 20-40.

Delayed room temperature phosphorescence enabled by phosphines.

Organic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) usually emerges instantly and immediately decays after excitation removal. Here we report a new delayed RTP that is postponed by dozens of milliseconds after excitation removal and decays in two steps including an initial increase in intensity followed by subsequent decrease in intensity. The delayed RTP is achieved through introduction of phosphines into carbazole emitters.

Interaction between hypertension and frailty and their impact on death risk in older adults: a follow-up study.

Background: Hypertension and frailty often occur concurrently, exhibiting increasing prevalence in the older population. In this study, we analyzed the frailty status among older adults with hypertension and the impact of their interaction on death risk.

Method: This prospective cohort survey study included data from older people in an urban community in Beijing collected between 2009 and 2020 using the cluster random sampling method.

Allochroic cluster light-emitting diodes based on unique μ-tetraphosphine CuX crowns with tunable excited states.

Multicomponent excited states endow copper iodide clusters with allochroic properties under diverse stimuli. However, crystal states are required, and cluster stimulus sensitivity hampers electroluminochromism. We developed PhQPCuX (X = Cl, Br, and I) with the first μ-bridging tetraphosphine ligand, whose CuX crowns were exposed to external stimulus.

Bulk Passivation Enables Hundredfold-Enhanced Electroluminescence of Monophosphine Cu I Cubes.

Electroluminescent (EL) clusters emerged rapidly, owing to their organic-inorganic hybrid character useful for comprehensive performance integration and the potential for large-scale display and lighting applications. However, despite their good photoluminescent (PL) properties, until present, no efficient EL monodentate ligand-based clusters were reported due to structural variation during processing and excitation and exciton confinement on cluster-centered quenching states. Here we demonstrate an effective bulky passivation strategy for efficient cluster light-emitting diodes with a monophosphine Cu I cube named [TMeOPP] Cu I .

Phosphine-Oxide-Balanced Intra- and Interchain Through-Space Charge Transfer in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Polymers: Beyond 30% External Quantum Efficiency.

Through-space charge transfer (TSCT) is crucial for developing highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymers. The balance of intra- and interchain TSCT can markedly improve performance, but it is still a big challenge. In this work, an effective strategy for "intra- and interchain TSCT balance" is demonstrated by way of a series of non-conjugated copolymers containing a 9,9-dimethylacridine donor and triazine-phosphine oxide (PO)-based acceptors.

Interfacial Passivation Enormously Enhances Electroluminescence of Triphenylphosphine Cu I Cube.

Defect is one of the key factors limiting optoelectronic performances of organic-inorganic hybrid systems. Although high-efficiency bidentate ligands based electroluminescent (EL) clusters reported, until present, only few EL clusters based on monodentate ligands are realized since their structural instability induces more surface/interface defects. Herein, this bottleneck is first overcome in virtue of interfacial passivation by electron transporting layers (ETL).

Cluster Light-Emitting Diodes Containing Copper Iodine Cube with 100 % Exciton Utilization Using Host-Cluster Synergy.

Clusters combine the advantages of organic molecules and inorganic nanomaterials, which are promising alternatives for optoelectronic applications. Nonetheless, recently emerged cluster light-emitting diodes require further excited state optimization of cluster emitters, especially to reduce population of the cluster-centered triplet quenching state ( CC). Here we report that redox-active ligands enhance reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) of Cu I cluster for triplet-to-singlet conversion, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) host can provide an external RISC channel.

Integrating Asymmetric O-B-N Unit in Multi-Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters towards High-Performance Deep-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Developing deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with both high efficiency and color purity remains a formidable challenge. Here, we proposed a design strategy by integrating asymmetric oxygen-boron-nitrogen (O-B-N) multi-resonance (MR) unit into traditional N-B-N MR molecules to form a rigid and extended O-B-N-B-N MR π-skeleton. Three deep-blue MR-TADF emitters of OBN, NBN and ODBN featuring asymmetric O-B-N, symmetric N-B-N and extended O-B-N-B-N MR units were synthesized through the regioselective one-shot electrophilic C-H borylation at different positions of the same precursor.

Combined effect of diabetes and frailty on mortality among Chinese older adults: A follow-up study.

Background: Frailty and diabetes are two important health problems associated with aging in older individuals. This paper seeks to analyze the frailty in older adults suffering from diabetes and the combined effect of diabetes and frailty on mortality risk.

Methods: The frailty index (FI) model was employed when evaluating frailty among the older adults based on the baseline data conducted in 2009; and death as outcome variables collected in 2020 were analyzed.

White Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with 100% Power Conversion.

Energy-efficient lighting sources are desired to provide another solution of carbon emission reduction. White organic light-emitting diodes are promising, because of theoretical internal quantum efficiencies for 100% electric-to-light conversion. However, pure organic fluorescent materials still face a challenge in harvesting triplet excitons for radiation.

Sky Blue and Yellow Cluster Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Asymmetric CuI Nanocubes.

Controllably optimizing excited-state characteristics is crucial for luminescent nanoclusters but remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report an effective "ligand-induced asymmetrization" strategy for constructing thermally activated delayed fluorescence-featured cubic CuI nanoclusters with asymmetric configurations, named [tBCzDBFDP]CuI and [PTZDBFDP]CuI. Through changing 3,6-di--butyl-carbazole (tBCz) to phenothiazine (PTZ) with a stronger electron-donating effect, emission color is tuned from greenish blue of [tBCzDBFDP]CuI to yellow of [PTZDBFDP]CuI, as well as the triplet locally excited state of the former to the triplet charge transfer state of the latter.

Deep-Blue Electroluminescence from Phosphine-Stabilized Au Triangles and Au Ag Pyramids.

The optoelectronic applications of clusters emerged rapidly. Cluster light-emitting diodes (CLED) as representative hold promise as a new generation of displays and lightings. However, as one of the main challenges in electroluminescence (EL) field, until present, no deep-blue CLEDs were reported, due to the strict requirements on excited-state characteristics of clusters.

Synergetic Insulation and Induction Effects Selectively Optimize Multiresonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence.

Multiresonance (MR) emitters featuring narrowband emissions and theoretically 100% exciton harvesting are great potential for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications. However, how to functionalize MR molecules without scarifying emission color purity is still a key challenge. Herein, we report a feasible strategy for selective optimization of MR molecules, which is demonstrated by a blue MR emitter substituted with a diphenylphosphine oxide (DPPO) group.

Overcoming Efficiency Limitation of Cluster Light-Emitting Diodes with Asymmetrically Functionalized Biphosphine CuI Cubes.

Electroluminescent (EL) nanoclusters holding promise for new-generation cluster light-emitting devices (CLEDs) rapidly emerge. However, slow radiation and serious quenching of cluster emitters largely limit the device performance. Herein, we report two monofunctionalized biphosphine chelated CuI clusters [DMACDBFDP]CuI and [DPACDBFDP]CuI.

Ambipolar Self-Host Functionalization Accelerates Blue Multi-Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Internal Quantum Efficiency of 100.

Emerging multi-resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters can combine 100% exciton harvesting and high color purity for their organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). However, the highly planar configurations of MR molecules lead to intermolecular-interaction-induced quenching. A feasible way is integrating host segments into MR molecules, namely a "self-host" strategy, but without involving additional charge transfer and/or vibrational components to excited states.

High-efficiency hyperfluorescent white light-emitting diodes based on high-concentration-doped TADF sensitizer matrices spatial and energy gap effects.

Despite the success of monochromatic hyperfluorescent (HF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), high-efficiency HF white OLEDs (WOLEDs) are still a big challenge. Herein, we demonstrate HF WOLEDs with state-of-the-art efficiencies, featuring a quasi-bilayer emissive layer (EML) composed of an ultrathin (0.1 nm) blue fluorescence (FL) emitter (TBPe) layer and a layer of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizer matrix heavily doped with a yellow FL emitter (TBRb, 3%).

Frailty Status Among the Elderly of Different Genders and the Death Risk: A Follow-Up Study.

Frailty in the elderly population is currently a frontier and focus in the field of health and aging. The goal of this study was to explore the frailty status among the elderly of different genders and its influence on the risk of death during 11 years. Frailty index (FI) was used to evaluate the frailty status in the elderly based on the baseline data conducted in 2009; and death as outcome variables collected in 2020 were analyzed.

Ladder-like energy-relaying exciplex enables 100% internal quantum efficiency of white TADF-based diodes in a single emissive layer.

Development of white organic light-emitting diodes based on purely thermally activated delayed fluorescence with a single-emissive-layer configuration has been a formidable challenge. Here, we report the rational design of a donor-acceptor energy-relaying exciplex and its utility in fabricating single-emissive-layer, thermally activated delayed fluorescence-based white organic light-emitting diodes that exhibit 100% internal quantum efficiency, 108.2 lm W power efficiency, and 32.