Oxidation-Active Radical TTM-DMODPA for Catalysis-Free Hydrogen Peroxide Colorimetric Sensing.

As a crucial reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (HO) serves as both a physiological regulator and a pathological indicator in human systems. Its urinary concentration has emerged as a valuable biomarker for assessing metabolic disorders and renal function. While conventional colorimetric determination methods predominantly employ enzymatic or nanozyme catalysts, we present an innovative non-catalytic approach utilizing the redox-responsive properties of organic neutral radicals.

Reactive oxygen species mediate black phosphorus quantum dots assembled microneedle patches for keratitis therapy.

Keratitis, a leading cause of corneal blindness in China, demands urgent intervention due to the rapid progression of bacterial (BK) and fungal keratitis (FK). We engineered oxidation-resistant dissolving microneedle patches (MNs(+)) loaded with black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) to overcome limitations of conventional ocular treatments. BPQDs exhibited potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (>95 % bactericidal rate against four strains) by disrupting microbial membrane integrity, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and eradicating mature biofilms.

Defaunation erodes the diversity of rodent personality traits in fragmented forests.

Habitat fragmentation is a primary driver of biodiversity loss globally. One impact of habitat fragmentation is the resultant decline and loss of large and medium mammal populations (also known as defaunation). While the effects of habitat fragmentation and associated defaunation on species diversity are well documented, their impacts on intraspecific diversity are less studied.

Novel treatments for bacterial keratitis: A review.

Bacterial keratitis (BK) is a critical ophthalmic emergency and one of the leading causes of corneal blindness. The current clinical management for BK involves surgical intervention and drug therapy. However, limited availability of surgical options due to lack of expertise, corneal tissue, and necessary infrastructure, among other reasons, poses challenges.

Architecture and stability of tripartite ecological networks with two interaction types.

Over the past few decades, studies on empirical ecological networks have primarily focused on single antagonistic or mutualistic interactions. However, many species engage in multiple interactions that support distinct ecosystem functions. The architecture of networks integrating these interactions, along with their cascading effects on community dynamics, remains underexplored in ecological research.

Predicting Microvascular Invasion and Early Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using DeepLab V3+ Segmentation of Multiregional MR Habitat Images.

Rationale And Objectives: Accurate identification of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for treatment and prognosis. Single-modality and feature fusion models using manual segmentation fail to provide insights into MVI. This study aims to develop a DeepLab V3+ model for automated segmentation of HCC magnetic resonance (MR) images and a decision fusion model to predict MVI and early recurrence (ER).

The network architecture and phylogeographic drivers of interactions between rodents and seed plants at continental scales.

Rodents are known to interact with seed plants in three different ways, including predation in situ, scatter hoarding and larder hoarding of seeds. These behaviours span a spectrum from mutualistic seed dispersal to predation, and they are related to species' and environmental characteristics. We used interaction networks to evaluate the structure and drivers of rodent-seed plant interactions, including geography, phylogeny and traits at continental scales.

Global Projection of Terrestrial Vertebrate Food Webs Under Future Climate and Land-Use Changes.

Food webs represent an important nexus between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet considering changes in food webs around the world has been limited by data availability. Previous studies have predicted food web collapses and coextinction, but changes in food web structure have been less investigated under climate warming and anthropogenic pressures on a global scale. We systematically amassed information about species' diets, traits, distributions, habitat use, and phylogenetics in the real world and used machine learning to predict changes in global meta-food webs of terrestrial vertebrates under climate and land-use changes.

A Nomogram Based on MRI Visual Decision Tree to Evaluate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Backgrounds: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has been developed and recognized as an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there remains a lack of noninvasive methods in precisely evaluating VEGF expression in HCC.

Purpose: To establish a visual noninvasive model based on clinical indicators and MRI features to evaluate VEGF expression in HCC.

Decision Fusion Model for Predicting Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Multi-MR Habitat Imaging and Machine-Learning Classifiers.

Rationale And Objectives: Accurate prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for guiding treatment. This study evaluates and compares the performance of clinicoradiologic, traditional radiomics, deep-learning radiomics, feature fusion, and decision fusion models based on multi-region MR habitat imaging using six machine-learning classifiers.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively included 300 HCC patients.

Delta-radiomics Analysis Based on Multi-phase Contrast-enhanced MRI to Predict Early Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Percutaneous Thermal Ablation.

Rationale And Objectives: It is critical to predict early recurrence (ER) after percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to develop and validate a delta-radiomics nomogram based on multi-phase contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to preoperatively predict ER of HCC after PTA.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 164 patients with HCC and divided them into training, temporal validation, and other-scanner validation cohorts (n = 110, 29, and 25, respectively).

The FLRT3-UNC5B checkpoint pathway inhibits T cell-based cancer immunotherapies.

Cancers exploit coinhibitory receptors on T cells to escape tumor immunity, and targeting such mechanisms has shown remarkable clinical benefit, but in a limited subset of patients. We hypothesized that cancer cells mimic noncanonical mechanisms of early development such as axon guidance pathways to evade T cell immunity. Using gain-of-function genetic screens, we profiled axon guidance proteins on human T cells and their cognate ligands and identified fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 3 (FLRT3) as a ligand that inhibits T cell activity.

Neutralizing antibodies to block viral entry and for identification of entry inhibitors.

Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are naturally produced by our immune system to combat viral infections. Clinically, neutralizing antibodies with potent efficacy and high specificity have been extensively used to prevent and treat a wide variety of viral infections, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Dengue Virus (DENV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). An overwhelmingly large subset of clinically effective NAbs operates by targeting viral envelope proteins to inhibit viral entry into the host cell.

Geography, phylogeny and host switch drive the coevolution of parasitic Gyrodactylus flatworms and their hosts.

Background: Gyrodactylus is a lineage of monogenean flatworm ectoparasites exhibiting many features that make them a suitable model to study the host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics. Previous coevolutionary studies of this lineage mainly relied on low-power datasets (a small number of samples and a single molecular marker) and (now) outdated algorithms.

Methods: To investigate the coevolutionary relationship of gyrodactylids and their fish hosts in high resolution, we used complete mitogenomes (including two newly sequenced Gyrodactylus species), a large number of species in the single-gene dataset, and four different coevolutionary algorithms.

LI-RADS category 3, 4, and M observations: a multiple parameters diagnostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatic lesions categorized as LR-3, LR-4, and LR-M are challenging to accurately assess and diagnose.

Purpose: To combine potential clinical and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features for a more comprehensive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) versus non-HCC diagnosis for patients with LR-3, LR-4, and LR-M graded lesions.

Methods: Data were consecutively retrieved from 82 at-risk patients with LR-3 (n = 43), LR-4 (n = 20), and LR-M (n = 23) lesions.

Delta-radiomics models based on multi-phase contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can preoperatively predict glypican-3-positive hepatocellular carcinoma.

The aim of this study is to investigate the value of multi-phase contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) based on the delta radiomics model for identifying glypican-3 (GPC3)-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One hundred and twenty-six patients with pathologically confirmed HCC (training cohort: = 88 and validation cohort: = 38) were retrospectively recruited. Basic information was obtained from medical records.