Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Pediatric Airway Assessment Using Brodsky and Mallampati Classifications.

To assess the interrater agreement and reliability of pediatric airway assessments using the Brodsky and Mallampati classifications among pediatric dentistry residents, pediatric dentistry faculty and anesthesiologists. This study also aimed to determine the consistency of sedation decisions and the impact of clinical experience on classification reliability. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 participants who evaluated 17 pediatric airway videos, grading tonsillar obstruction using the Brodsky scale and oropharyngeal visibility using the Mallampati classification.

Nanotechnology-based electrochemical approach for effective root canal irrigation.

Root canal treatment (RCT) is an endodontic procedure to preserve an infected/inflamed tooth and retain its function. Root canal irrigation is the most crucial step in RCT for cleaning the root canal space. Achieving total disinfection in root canal space is still a significant challenge in dentistry.

Ex vivo oral biofilm model for rapid screening of antimicrobial agents including natural cranberry polyphenols.

The search has been ongoing for safe and effective antimicrobial agents for control and prevention of oral biofilm associated with disease. Clinical trials for oral specific anti-bacterials are costly and often provide inconclusive results. The simple approach of ex vivo testing of these agents has not demonstrated utility, likely due to variability of effects observed even with a single donor.

Machine learning enabled multiplex detection of periodontal pathogens by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium caused by a persistent bacterial infection, resulting in destruction of the supporting structures of teeth. Analysis of microbial composition in saliva can inform periodontal status. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Streptococcus mutans (Sm) are among reported periodontal pathogens, and were used as model systems in this study.

Effect of nano-ceramic coating on surface property and microbial adhesion to poly(methyl methacrylate).

To improve surface properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using nano-ceramic coatings and assess microbial adherence after long-term use of a chemical cleanser. Thirty-six PMMA samples were fabricated, polished and coated with a nano-thin TiO or mixed TiO /ZrO , with uncoated samples as controls. Six samples in each group (n = 12) were soaked in Polident denture cleaner 180 times for 30 min, while six were soaked in deionized water.

Downregulation of miRNA-26 in chronic periodontitis interferes with innate immune responses and cell migration by targeting phospholipase C beta 1.

Aim: To evaluate the potential role of miR-26 family members in periodontal pathogenesis by assessing innate immune responses to periopathic bacteria and regulation of cytoskeletal organization.

Materials And Methods: Expression of miR-26a-5p and miR-26b-5p was quantified in gingival biopsies derived from healthy and periodontally diseased subjects before and after non-surgical (scaling and root planing) therapy by RT-qPCR. Global pathway analysis and luciferase assays were performed for target identification and validation.

Biofilm Formation on Aryl Ketone Polymer (AKP), A New Denture Material, Compared with That on Three Traditional Dental Denture Materials.

Control of denture plaque biofilms is a practical approach to preventing persistent oral infections such as denture stomatitis. . This study compared biofilm attachment and growth on a new denture material, Ultaire® AKP, with that on traditional denture materials including cobalt chrome (CoCr), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyoxymethylene (POM).

Gelatinolytic Activity and Adhesion Studies of Artificial Caries-affected Dentin do not Simulate Natural Caries.

Purpose: To investigate whether interfacial enzymatic activity and adhesion receptiveness of artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) simulate those of natural caries-affected dentin (NCAD).

Materials And Methods: Thirty dentin specimens were prepared from human molars to determine interfacial gelatinolytic activity using in situ zymography and adhesion experiments (micropermeability and bond strength [µTBS]). Groups were formed according to the type of dentin: artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD), natural caries-affected dentin (NCAD), or sound dentin.

Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Candida albicans Biofilm on Poly(methylmethacrylate) Resin.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of 254-nm ultraviolet light on the viability of Candida albicans biofilm on poly(methylmethacrylate).

Methods: Poly(methylmethacrylate) specimens (1 cm × 1 cm × 1 mm) were placed in 6-well culture plates. Each well contained 8 ml of 10 colony forming units/milliliter of C.

Effect of mechanically stimulated saliva on initial human dental biofilm formation.

This study evaluated the impact of mechanically stimulated saliva on initial bacterial colonization. Interaction between oral bacteria and both unstimulated and stimulated saliva was examined in vitro by laying labeled bacteria over SDS-PAGE-separated salivary proteins. The effects of chewing on in vivo biofilm, microbial composition, and spatial arrangement were examined in two human volunteers using an intraoral stent containing retrievable enamel chips.

Improving Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Using a Novel Titanium Dioxide Coating.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to improve the surface characteristics of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by developing a novel, thin film coating process and to characterize the resulting coated surface.

Materials And Methods: An atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was developed to deposit a titanium dioxide (TiO ) nano-thin film on PMMA. The surface wettability for both coated and uncoated PMMA was determined by measuring water contact angle.

Growth Media Affect Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Plant-Derived Polyphenols.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different microbial growth media on the laboratory assessment of antimicrobial activity of natural polyphenolic compounds. The inhibition of the tea polyphenol EGCG on growth of selected oral microorganisms was evaluated in complex media and a protein-free chemically defined medium (CDM). Other antimicrobial agents (polyphenolic grape seed extract, plant alkaloid berberine, methyl salicylate, and chlorhexidine gluconate) were also tested in the study.

Synergistic effects of tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate and antimycotics against oral Candida species.

Objective: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major antimicrobial tea polyphenol, has been reported to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans planktonic cells and enhance the antifungal activity of antimycotics. We hypothesised that synergism exists between EGCG and conventional antimycotics against biofilms of Candida species.

Design: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of EGCG, miconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B against planktonic cells and the sessile MIC (SMIC) against biofilms of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida kefyr and Candida krusei were determined by a microdilution method.

The antibiofilm activity of lingonberry flavonoids against oral pathogens is a case connected to residual complexity.

The antimicrobial activity of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) was evaluated against two oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Long-bed gel permeation chromatography (GPC; Sephadex LH-20) yielded purified flavonoids, with the most efficient minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against planktonic cells in the anthocyanin and procyanidin primary fractions against F.

The preventive effect of grape seed extract on artificial enamel caries progression in a microbial biofilm-induced caries model.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on enamel caries lesion formation in an in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm model.

Methods: Enamel fragments were prepared from bovine incisors and divided into six treatment groups (n=12): inoculated Brain Heart Infusion with 1% sucrose (BHIS), 1mg/mL GSE, 2mg/mL GSE, 3mg/mL GSE, 10ppm fluoride as NaF, and uninoculated BHIS. For biofilm formation, tooth fragments were incubated anaerobically in polystyrene 6-well tissue culture plates containing BHIS, the respective agents, and S.

Attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis to corroded commercially pure titanium and titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy.

Background: Titanium dental material can become corroded because of electrochemical interaction in the oral environment. The corrosion process may result in surface modification. It was hypothesized that a titanium surface modified by corrosion may enhance the attachment of periodontal pathogens.

The effects of beverages on plaque acidogenicity after a sugary challenge.

Background: Caries prevention traditionally has emphasized the restriction of cariogenic foods and beverages, but it has placed less emphasis on how the choice, combination and sequence of consumed foods and beverages may help reduce plaque acidogenicity. The authors conducted a study to examine whether whole milk, 100 percent apple juice or tap water affect dental plaque acidity in people after a sugary challenge.

Methods: Twenty adults participated in a randomized controlled crossover study.

Physiological properties of Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilm-detached cells.

Biofilm detachment is a physiologically regulated process that facilitates the release of cells to colonize new sites and cause infections. Streptococcus mutans is one of the major inhabitants of cariogenic dental plaque biofilm. This study tested the hypothesis that S.

Efficacy of berberine, an antimicrobial plant alkaloid, as an endodontic irrigant against a mixed-culture biofilm in an in vitro tooth model.

Introduction: Berberine, a plant alkaloid isolated from many medicinal plants, has shown antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of berberine solution against selected endodontic pathogens using a multispecies biofilm tooth model.

Methods: The bacterial species used in the multispecies biofilm tooth model were Fusobacterium nucleatum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Prevotella intermedia.

Quaternary ammonium silane-functionalized, methacrylate resin composition with antimicrobial activities and self-repair potential.

The design of antimicrobial polymers to address healthcare issues and minimize environmental problems is an important endeavor with both fundamental and practical implications. Quaternary ammonium silane-functionalized methacrylate (QAMS) represents an example of antimicrobial macromonomers synthesized by a sol-gel chemical route; these compounds possess flexible Si-O-Si bonds. In present work, a partially hydrolyzed QAMS co-polymerized with 2,2-[4(2-hydroxy 3-methacryloxypropoxy)-phenyl]propane is introduced.

Tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by suppressing gtf genes.

Objective: The anti-cariogenic properties of tea have been suggested for decades. Tea polyphenols, especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have been shown to inhibit dental plaque accumulation, but the exact mechanisms are not clear at present. We hypothesise that EGCG suppresses gtf genes in Streptococcus mutans at the transcriptional level disrupting the initial attachment of S.

In vitro properties of orthodontic adhesives with fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate.

This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of orthodontic adhesives with fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in reducing bacterial adhesion and enamel demineralization. Forty human premolars each sectioned buccolingually into three parts were bracketed with control resin (Transbond XT) or adhesives containing ACP (Aegis Ortho) or fluoride (QuickCure). Artificial lesions induced by pH cycling were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometry (XPS) and polarized light microscopy (PLM).

Short-term germ-killing effect of sugar-sweetened cinnamon chewing gum on salivary anaerobes associated with halitosis.

Objective: The present study investigated the short-term germ-killing effect of sugar-sweetened cinnamon chewing gum on total and H2S-producing salivary anaerobes.

Methods: Fifteen healthy adult subjects were recruited in the double-blind, crossover clinical study. The three test chewing gums included: 1) sugared chewing gum containing cinnamic aldehyde and natural flavors (CinA+); 2) sugared chewing gum without cinnamic aldehyde but with natural flavors (CinA-); and 3) non-sugared chewing gum base (GB) without any flavors and without cinnamic aldehyde.