Novel Radiofluorinated Nanobody PET Tracer for Preclinical Studies of TIM3 Expression.

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3) is an inhibitory checkpoint glycoprotein expressed on immune cells, particularly tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and plays a critical role in suppressing antitumor immune responses. While dual blockade of TIM3 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) has shown promising results in enhancing immune responses in advanced cancers, the lack of reliable, noninvasive methods for detecting TIM3 expression in tumors remains a major challenge. To address this, we developed and characterized a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [F]AlF-RESCA-HVCR2N2, based on a TIM3-specific nanobody labeled via [F]AlF radiochemistry.

Interfacial Behavior of PNIPAM Brushes under Shear and Thermal Stimuli: The Role of Grafting Density.

The interface between grafted poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and fluid plays an important role in drug delivery, responsive nanomaterials, and separation technologies. However, under external shear, the transport at the interface is regulated by both the thermoresponsive behavior and grafting densities. This study combines equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the synergistic effects of grafting density, temperature, and shear flow on the structural and dynamic properties of PNIPAM brushes in methanol-water solutions.

Cationic Defect Engineering for Promoting Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural While Passivating OER.

Electrochemical organic oxidation has shown great industrial potential due to its green, low-carbon, and energy-efficient advantages. However, the competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) severely impacts the faradaic efficiency and conversion rate of organic oxidation reactions. In this work, we report a method that can promote the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMFOR) while suppressing the OER, which is achieved by etching NiMnFe-LDH with ,-dimethylacetamide (DMF), resulting in the formation of numerous cationic defects.

Bioinspired Flavin-Based Supramolecular Materials for Catalyzing Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation.

The selective oxygenation of organic compounds via Baeyer-Villiger (B-V) oxidation is crucial for producing value-added chemicals. Although biomimetic catalysts inspired by Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) and employing a flavin cofactor have shown promise, their effectiveness has been limited by the difficulty in replicating enzymatic active sites, particularly for producing versatile lactones with low ring strain (e.g.

Tire Rubber-Derived Cyclic Amines in Urban Ambient Particulate Matter in Shanghai.

Tire wear compounds (TWCs) and their byproducts have raised increasing environmental and health concerns due to their widespread production and release. In this study, a custom-designed versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system coupled with HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to conduct a nontargeted screening of suspect TWCs in urban PM, followed by the targeted quantification of ten selected TWCs, providing high temporal resolution data across summer, autumn, and winter in Shanghai. The total TWC concentrations (∑TWCs) exhibited distinct seasonal variations.

The adverse effects of car seats and vibration frequencies on different lumbar intervertebral discs in different age groups.

The prolonged whole-body vibration (WBV) may be one of the important factors contributing to low back pain. This study used a validated whole-body model and the WBV evaluation standard (ISO 2631-5:2018) to investigate the effects of car seat, frequency and age on the risk factors of the lumbar spine during prolonged exposure to WBV. The modal frequencies contributing more to the human resonance were first preliminarily predicted by modal analysis, and then sinusoidal excitations with frequencies of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 Hz were applied for transient analysis.

Effect of seat configuration on the biodynamic response of the head-cervical spine during exposure to different frequencies of vertical vibration.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of vertical vibration frequencies (4-10 Hz), back support, and cushion stiffness on the head-neck biodynamic responses based on a developed and validated finite element model of a body-seat system. Modal analysis and modal dynamics methods were employed to analyze the dynamic responses of the body-seat system under different conditions. The finite element model was used to examine the effects of various vibration frequencies (4-10 Hz), back support types (No back support (NBS) and Vertical back support (VBS)), and cushion stiffness (Elastic cushion (Soft) and Rigid cushion (Hard)) on the biodynamic responses of the head-neck.

Da-yuan-yin decoction alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via E-cadherin/β-catenin complex restoration.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Da-Yuan-Yin (DYY) decoction, a classical multi-herbal preparation documented in the Treatise on Pestilence (Wenyi Lun,⟪⟫), exhibits therapeutic potential in respiratory pathophysiology. Clinical studies during the COVID-19 pandemic have validated DYY's therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating respiratory symptoms in patients. However, its pharmacological mechanisms against lung injury remain unexplored.

Bioactive glycyrrhizic acid-astragalus polysaccharide hydrogel facilitates gastric ulcer healing via ROS scavenging and anti-apoptotic effects.

Gastric ulcers are refractory wounds that pose a significant clinical challenge, underscoring the urgent need for effective and affordable therapeutic strategies. In this study, we purified a novel homogeneous astragalus polysaccharide (APS13) and elucidated its structure, which consists of a →4)-α-1,4-Glc(1→ backbone with glucose branches at the 6-position, as determined by 2D-NMR and glycosyl residue analysis. To enhance its tissue adhesion and drug release profile, APS13 was co-assembled with glycyrrhizic acid (GA) into a GA-APS hydrogel.

Imaging technology in tracking the intravital fate of transplanted stem cells.

Stem cell therapy emerges as a promising alternative strategy for diseases that currently lack effective treatment options. Investigating the pharmacokinetic properties of stem cells, such as their survival, migration, differentiation, and engraftment dynamics, offers valuable insights for elucidating therapeutic mechanisms, refining treatment protocols, and ultimately enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the pharmaceutical research of stem cell products is an essential prerequisite for regulatory approval.

Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of an AlF radio-fluorinated bivalent PD-L1 nanobody.

Immunotherapy targeting the programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway has achieved remarkable clinical success, but there is a shortage of effective approaches for screening suitable patients. Recently developed PD-L1 nanobody probes have limitations, including limited availability of radionuclides, short tumor retention times, and accumulation in non-target organs. To enhance tumor retention and improve tumor-to-normal tissue contrast, we herein report the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of two AlF-labeled bivalent PD-L1 nanobody probes ([F]TzTCO-BINb109 and [F]RESCA-BINb109).

Stomach Microbiome Simplification of a Coral Reef Fish at Its Novel Cold-Range Edge Under Climate Change.

Climate-driven range extensions of animals into higher latitudes are often facilitated by phenotypic plasticity. Modifications to habitat preference, behaviour and diet can increase the persistence of range-extending species in novel high-latitude ecosystems. These strategies may be influenced by changes in their gut and stomach microbial communities that are critical to host fitness and potentially adaptive plasticity.

Nontargeted Screening Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds in Frost and Wet Deposition in Rural Northeast China.

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in frost serve as a critical pathway for atmospheric nitrogen deposition, significantly impacting the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen. However, the molecular characteristics of NOCs in frost and their deposition fluxes are scarcely studied. In this work, frost samples, collected in rural Northeast China in the winter of 2023, were analyzed using nontargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap MS) to reveal their content in nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) and explore their wet deposition fluxes.

Advanced Alkali Metal Batteries Based on MOFs and Their Composites.

The integration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with functional materials has established a versatile platform for a wide range of energy storage applications. Due to their large specific surface area, high porosity, and tunable structural properties, MOFs hold significant promise as components in energy storage systems, including electrodes, electrolytes, and separators for alkali metal-ion batteries (AIBs). Although lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used, their commercial graphite anode materials are nearing their theoretical capacity limits, and the scarcity of lithium and cobalt resources increases costs.

A novel androgen-independent radiotracer with dual targeting of NTSR1 and PSMA for PET/CT imaging of prostate cancer.

A substantial proportion of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) develop treatment resistance or mortality after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Current methods for identifying and locating recurrent lesions using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, which relies on androgen levels, often result in diagnostic delays. Therefore, the development of an androgen-independent radiotracer is critical for the early identification of recurrent lesions.

Comprehensive Analysis and Verification of the Prognostic Significance of Cuproptosis-Related Genes in Colon Adenocarcinoma.

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a frequently occurring and lethal cancer. Cuproptosis is an emerging type of cell death, and the underlying pathways involved in this process in COAD remain poorly understood. Transcriptomic and clinical data for COAD patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.

Comparison of the variability and diagnostic efficacy of respiratory-gated PET/CT based radiomics features with ungated PET/CT in lung lesions.

Objectives: To investigate the variability and diagnostic efficacy of respiratory-gated (RG) PET/CT based radiomics features compared to ungated (UG) PET/CT in the differentiation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and benign lesions.

Methods: 117 patients with suspected lung lesions from March 2020 to May 2021 and consent to undergo UG PET/CT and chest RG PET/CT (including phase-based quiescent period gating, pQPG and phase-matched 4D PET/CT, 4DRG) were prospectively included. 377 radiomics features were extracted from PET images of each scan.

Exploring the cobia (Rachycentron canadum) genome: unveiling putative male heterogametic regions and identification of sex-specific markers.

Background: Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is the only member of the Rachycentridae family and exhibits considerable sexual dimorphism in growth rate. Sex determination in teleosts has been a long-standing basic biological question, and the molecular mechanisms of sex determination/differentiation in cobia are completely unknown.

Results: Here, we reported 2 high-quality, chromosome-level annotated male and female cobia genomes with assembly sizes of 586.

Advancements in Manganese-Based Cathode for Sustainable Energy Utilization.

Manganese-based compounds, especially manganese oxides, are one of the most exceptional electrode materials. Specifically, manganese oxides have gained significant interest owing to their unique crystal structures, high theoretical capacity, abundant natural availability and eco-friendly nature. However, as transition metal semiconductors, manganese oxide possess low electrical conductivity, limited rate capacity, and suboptical cycle stability.

Glycine/alginate-based piezoelectric film consisting of a single, monolithic β-glycine spherulite towards flexible and biodegradable force sensor.

Development of piezoelectric biomaterials with high piezoelectric performance, while possessing excellent flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability still remains a great challenge. Herein, a flexible, biocompatible and biodegradable piezoelectric β-glycine-alginate-glycerol (Gly-Alg-Glycerol) film with excellent and sensing performance was developed. Remarkably, a single, monolithic β-glycine spherulite, instead of more commonly observed multiple spherulites, was formed in alginate matrix, thereby resulting in outstanding piezoelectric property, including high piezoelectric constant (7.

Cartoon Animation Outpainting With Region-Guided Motion Inference.

Cartoon animation video is a popular visual entertainment form worldwide, however many classic animations were produced in a 4:3 aspect ratio that is incompatible with modern widescreen displays. Existing methods like cropping lead to information loss while retargeting causes distortion. Animation companies still rely on manual labor to renovate classic cartoon animations, which is tedious and labor-intensive, but can yield higher-quality videos.

Design of Novel F-Labeled Amino Acid Tracers Using Sulfur F-Fluoride Exchange Click Chemistry.

[F]Gln-OSOF, [F]Arg-OSOF, and [F]FSY-OSOF were designed by introducing sulfonyl F-fluoride onto glutamine, arginine, and tyrosine, respectively. [F]FSY-OSOF can be prepared directly by sulfur F-fluoride exchange, while [F]Gln-OSOF and [F]Arg-OSOF require a two-step labeling method. Those tracers retain their typical transport characteristics for unmodified amino acids.

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of F-Labeled Tracers Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein for Brain Imaging.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is closely related to central nervous system diseases such as stroke and brain tumors, but PET tracers that can be used for brain imaging have not been reported. Here, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated F-labeled UAMC1110 derivatives suitable for brain imaging targeting FAP. By substituting the F atom for the H atom on the aromatic ring of compound UAMC1110, - were designed and prepared.