Oxygen-driven thiol-activated ROS generation by particulate organic matter: Deciphering the role of interface-accelerated organic radical chain reaction.

Particulate organic matter (POM), a major component of natural organic matter (NOM), plays a crucial but poorly understood role in dark reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This study revealed that thiols exhibited superior activation capacity for POM-mediated ROS production, with hydroxyl radical (OH) yields 1.4-6.

Cadmium immobilization by mercapto-palygorskite in alkaline soil: Impacts on soil microbial communities and wheat rhizosphere metabolism.

Weakly alkaline cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil in China has aroused great concern regarding its impact on food security and human health. Mercapto-modified palygorskite (MP) has exhibited good potential to minimize Cd accumulation in wheat, it is imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms within the soil-wheat-microbial system for sustainable development of agrochemicals. This study evaluated the effects of various MP dosages on soil Cd bioavailability, rhizosphere metabolomics, microbial community structure and wheat growth.

Analysis of post-marketing requirements for oncology drug conditional approvals in the United States and China.

Background: Conditional approvals, also known as accelerated approvals, have been introduced by many pharmaceutical regulators around the world, allowing innovative drugs to enter the market earlier on the basis of limited evidence. This research aims to systematically analyze and compare the post-marketing requirements for conditional approvals of oncology drugs in China and the United States. By collecting and categorizing different types of post-marketing requirements, this study seeks to elucidate how these requirements are proposed and discern the underlying logic and patterns.

Effect of Genotype on Cadmium and Trace Element Accumulation in Wheat from Weakly Alkaline Cadmium-contaminated Soil.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of farmland soils leads to Cd accumulation in crops and reduced micronutrient uptake, posing grave risks to food safety. Herein, we investigated the enrichment and transportation patterns of Cd and trace elements in different parts of six wheat genotypes grown in weakly alkaline Cd-contaminated soils via pot experiments. The results revealed that the wheat grain variety with high Cd accumulation (Ningmai13) demonstrated a 1.

Activated carbon as a strong DOM adsorbent mitigates antimony and arsenic release in flooded mining-impacted soils.

In Southern China, the co-occurrence of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) contamination in soils around Sb mines presents an environmental challenge. During the flooding period of mining-impacted soils, anaerobic reduction of iron (Fe) oxides enhances the mobilization and bioavailability of Sb and As, further elevating the risk of Sb and As entering the food chain. To address this problem, activated carbon (AC) and biochar (BC) were applied to remediate flooded mining-impacted soils.

Foliar Application of Nanoparticles Reduced Cadmium Content in Wheat ( L.) Grains via Long-Distance "Leaf-Root-Microorganism" Regulation.

Foliar application of beneficial nanoparticles (NPs) exhibits potential in reducing cadmium (Cd) uptake in crops, necessitating a systematic understanding of their leaf-root-microorganism process for sustainable development of efficient nano-enabled agrochemicals. Herein, wheat grown in Cd-contaminated soil (5.23 mg/kg) was sprayed with different rates of four commonly used NPs, including nano selenium (SeNPs)/silica (SiONPs)/zinc oxide/manganese dioxide.

Mechanisms of chloride to promote the uptake and accumulation of cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice ecosystems posed a critical challenge to global food security and environmental health. This study aimed to unveil the key mechanisms trough hydroponic experiments by which chloride (Cl) promoted the absorption and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice plants. The findings elucidated that the addition of Cl increased Cd uptake by rice roots (5.

Nano-biochar uptake and translocation by plants: Assessing environmental fate and food chain risk.

Nano-biochar (N-BC) is an emerging nanomaterial with potential applications in various fields. Understanding its behavior in the environment and its interaction with plants is crucial for assessing its ecological implications and potential risks to the food chain. In this study, we investigated the absorption and transportation of N-BC by wheat and Chinese cabbage plants using microscopy techniques and stable isotope analysis.

Foliar application of selenium nanoparticles alleviates cadmium toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Evidence on antioxidant, gene expression, and metabolomics analysis.

The molecular and metabolic mechanisms of foliar selenium (Se) nanoparticles (SeNPs) application in mitigating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in crops have not been well studied. Herein, hydroponically cultured maize seedlings were exposed to Cd (20 μM) and treated without and with foliar SeNPs application. Effects of SeNPs on Cd transporter genes and plant metabolism were also explored.

Amendment of organic acids significantly enhanced hydroxyl radical production during oxygenation of paddy soils.

Recently, hydroxyl radical (OH) production during soil redox fluctuations has been increasingly reported, but the low efficiency of contaminant degradation is the barrier for engineering remediation. The widely distributed low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) might greatly enhance OH production due to their strong interactions with Fe(II) species, but it was less investigated. Herein, we found that LMWOAs amendment (i.

Analysis of patient-reported outcomes in the approval of novel oncology drugs in the United States, 2017-2022.

Background: With the growing notion of patient-focused drug development, the quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of cancer patients are gaining considerable attention. Several drug regulatory agencies, including the U.S.

Constructing spike-like energy band alignment at the heterointerface in highly efficient perovskite solar cells.

The interface between the absorber and transport layers is shown to be critical for highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The undesirable physical and chemical properties of interfacial layers often cause unfavorable band alignment and interfacial states that lead to high charge-carrier recombination and eventually result in lower device performance. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and effective strategy to improve the performance of PSCs by constructing a conduction band offset (CBO) with a small spike, through the inductive effect induced by an organic small molecule.

Role of PIVKA-II in screening for malignancies at a hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease center: A large-scale real-world study.

Background And Aims: Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) is a well-accepted biomarker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although nonspecific increase of PIVKA-II has been reported, real-world evidence remains scarce. Based on real-world data, this study aimed to comprehensively describe the use of PIVKA-II at a hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease center and to assess its utility for the initial screening of HCC or other hepatobiliary-pancreatic malignancies.

Serologic response and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in HSCT or CAR T-cell recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T-cell) therapy are immunocompromised and at high risk of viral infection, including SAR2-CoV-2 infection. However, the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in these recipients is not well characterized. The present meta-analysis evaluated the serologic response and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in these population.

Effect of metal cations on antimicrobial activity and compartmentalization of silver in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 upon exposure to silver ions.

Silver is an antimicrobial agent that is used extensively in consumer products, such as fabrics and humidifiers. Silver ion (Ag) uptake in bacteria represents a crucial phase of antimicrobial activity. However, the uptake mechanism of Ag in bacteria remains largely unknown.

Biotic Process Dominated the Uptake and Transformation of Ag by MR-1.

Silver ions (Ag) directly emitted from industrial sources or released from manufactured Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biosolid-amended soils have raised concern about the risk to ecosystems. However, our knowledge of Ag toxicity, internalization, and transformation mechanisms to bacteria is still insufficient. Here, we combine the advanced technologies of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to visualize the potential formed AgNPs inside the bacteria and evaluate the contributions of biological and non-biological processes in the uptake and transformation of Ag by MR-1.

Risk factors and prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula after insulinoma enucleation:a retrospective study from a high-volume center.

Background/objectives: Enucleation is an effective surgical method to treat pancreatic insulinoma, however, the incidence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) is high. We aim to investigate the risk factors for CR-POPF which have not been well characterized and develop effective methods to prevent CR-POPF after enucleation.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 161 patients diagnosed with insulinoma from June 2016 to July 2020 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.