Integrated Blood Multiparameter Precise Sensing System for Economical, Rapid, and Accurate Detection of Blood Biochemical Indicators: From Centrifugation to Sensing.

Blood is enriched with physiological information and could provide valuable references for the diagnosis of various diseases. Influenced by a few factors, including glycolysis, the direct testing of blood may lead to biased results. Healthcare facilities routinely eliminate this bias by centrifugation.

Clinical Efficacy of Multimodal Exercise Telerehabilitation Based on AI for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Exercise therapy is strongly recommended as a treatment for chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). However, therapist-guided exercise therapy requires significant medical resources. Ordinary digital telerehabilitation affects efficacy due to a lack of guidance and dynamic support.

Self-calibrating multiplexed microneedle electrode array for continuous mapping of subcutaneous multi-analytes in diabetes.

Monitoring multiplexed biochemical markers is beneficial for the comprehensive evaluation of diabetes-associated complications. Techniques for multiplexed analyses in interstitial fluids have often been restricted by the difficulties of electrode materials in accurately detecting chemicals in complex subcutaneous spaces. In particular, the signal stability of enzyme-based sensing electrodes often inevitably decreases due to enzyme degradation or interference .

Identifying changes in dynamic plantar pressure associated with radiological knee osteoarthritis based on machine learning and wearable devices.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is an irreversible degenerative disease that characterized by pain and abnormal gait. Radiography is typically used to detect KOA but has limitations. This study aimed to identify changes in plantar pressure that are associated with radiological knee osteoarthritis (ROA) and to validate them using machine learning algorithms.

Capacitive-piezoresistive hybrid flexible pressure sensor based on conductive micropillar arrays with high sensitivity over a wide dynamic range.

Flexible pressure sensors are the foundation of wearable/implantable biosensing and human-machine interfaces, and mainly comprise piezoresistive-, capacitive-, piezoelectric-, and triboelectric-type sensors. As each type of sensor exhibits different electro-mechanical behaviors, it is challenging to detect various physiological mechanical signals that cover a large pressure range using a given sensor configuration, or even a single type of sensor. Here, we report a capacitive-piezoresistive hybrid flexible pressure sensor based on face-to-face-mounted conductive micropillar arrays as a solution to this challenge.

Lubricant-entrenched slippery surface-based nanocarriers to avoid macrophage uptake and improve drug utilization.

Introduction: Reducing the protein adsorption of nanoparticles (NPs) as drug carriers to slow their rapid clearance by macrophages uptake is a critical challenge for NPs clinical translational applications. Despite extensive research efforts to inhibit cellular uptake, including covering biological agents or surface chemical coatings to impart "stealth" properties to NPs, their stability remains insufficient.

Objectives: Developed a novel surface modification technology based on a physical infusion engineering approach to achieve persistent inhibition of protein adhesion and cellular uptake by nanocarriers.

Intelligent wireless theranostic contact lens for electrical sensing and regulation of intraocular pressure.

Engineering wearable devices that can wirelessly track intraocular pressure and offer feedback-medicine administrations are highly desirable for glaucoma treatments, yet remain challenging due to issues of limited sizes, wireless operations, and wireless cross-coupling. Here, we present an integrated wireless theranostic contact lens for in situ electrical sensing of intraocular pressure and on-demand anti-glaucoma drug delivery. The wireless theranostic contact lens utilizes a highly compact structural design, which enables high-degreed integration and frequency separation on the curved and limited surface of contact lens.

Integrated Multiplex Sensing Bandage for In Situ Monitoring of Early Infected Wounds.

Infection, the most common complication of chronic wounds, has placed tremendous burden on patients and society. Existing care strategies could hardly reflect in situ wound status, resulting in overly aggressive or conservative therapeutic options. Multiplexed tracking of wound markers to obtain diagnostic information in a more accurate way is highly promising and in great demand for the emerging development of personalized medicine.

Wearable and Implantable Intraocular Pressure Biosensors: Recent Progress and Future Prospects.

Biosensors worn on or implanted in eyes have been garnering substantial attention since being proven to be an effective means to acquire critical biomarkers for monitoring the states of ophthalmic disease, diabetes. Among these disorders, glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness globally, usually results in irreversible blindness. Continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring is considered as an effective measure, which provides a comprehensive view of IOP changes that is beyond reach for the "snapshots" measurements by clinical tonometry.

Liquid-like polymer-based self-cleaning coating for effective prevention of liquid foods contaminations.

Liquid food containers commonly suffer from inevitable contamination and even biofilm formation due to the adhesion of food residuals or saliva, which requires detergents to clean. Although previously reported superhydrophobic and omniphobic coatings can resist the adhesion of liquids, the requirements of specific nanostructures or infused lubricants limit their applications in food containers. Here, by grafting smooth glass containers with "liquid like" polydimethylsiloxane brushes, we developed a unique approach for preparing a slippery coating that could exhibit highly robust repellency to various liquid foods.

Slippery Liquid-Attached Surface for Robust Biofouling Resistance.

Materials for biodevices and bioimplants commonly suffer from unwanted but unavoidable biofouling problems due to the nonspecific adhesion of proteins, cells, or bacteria. Chemical coating or physical strategies for reducing biofouling have been pursued, yet highly robust antibiofouling surfaces that can persistently resist contamination in biological environments are still lacking. In this study, we developed a facile method to fabricate a highly robust slippery and antibiofouling surface by conjugating a liquid-like polymer layer to a substrate.

Liquid-like Polymer Coating as a Promising Candidate for Reducing Electrode Contamination and Noise in Complex Biofluids.

Biosensors that can automatically and continuously track fluctuations in biomarker levels over time are essential for real-time sensing in biomedical and environmental applications. Although many electrochemical sensors have been developed to quickly and sensitively monitor biomarkers, their sensing stability in complex biofluids is disturbed by unavoidable nonspecific adhesion of proteins or bacteria. Recently, various substrate surface modification techniques have been developed to resist biofouling, yet functionalization of electrodes in sensors to be anti-biofouling is rarely achieved.

Anti-biofouling NH gas sensor based on reentrant thorny ZnO/graphene hybrid nanowalls.

Since toxic gas leakage may cause ecological environmental problems and even life-threatening damage, effective monitoring of toxic gas is of great importance and subject to increasing demand. However, complicated environmental factors, as well as various coexisting interferences can easily affect the sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensors, hindering their performance. Recent reports have successfully demonstrated the development of hierarchical nanostructures with desirable self-cleaning properties, yet gas sensors that can resist contamination have rarely been realized.

Anomalous dispersion of bioinspired flower-like microparticles for oil/water separation.

Hydrophobic particles have been suffering from aggregation in aqueous media, which limits their applications in oil/water separation. Surfactants have been used to increase the dispersity of the hydrophobic particles in water, but this approach compromises particles' hydrophobicity and oil absorption capabilities. Recently, hierarchical microparticles decorated with nanospikes were found to exhibit long-term anomalous dispersion in liquid medium without adding any surfactants.

Multifunctional Branched Nanostraw-Electroporation Platform for Intracellular Regulation and Monitoring of Circulating Tumor Cells.

Downstream analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has provided new insights into cancer research. In particular, the detection of CTCs, followed by the regulation and monitoring of their intracellular activities, can provide valuable information for comprehensively understanding cancer pathogenesis and progression. However, current CTC detection techniques are rarely capable of regulation and monitoring of the intracellular microenvironments of cancer cells over time.

Biodegradable Therapeutic Microneedle Patch for Rapid Antihypertensive Treatment.

A hypertensive emergency causes severe cardiovascular diseases accompanied by acute target organ damage, requiring rapid and smooth blood pressure (BP) reduction. Current medicines for treating hypertensive emergencies, such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP), require careful dose control to avoid side effects (e.g.

Functionalized Spiky Particles for Intracellular Biomolecular Delivery.

The intracellular delivery of biomolecules is of significant importance yet challenging. In addition to the conventional delivery of nanomaterials that rely on biochemical pathways, vertical nanowires have been recently proposed to physically penetrate the cell membrane, thus enabling the direct release of biomolecules into the cytoplasm circumventing endosomal routes. However, due to the inherent attachment of the nanowires to a planar 2D substrate, nanowire cell penetrations are restricted to in vitro applications, and they are incapable of providing solution-based delivery.

Injectable Slippery Lubricant-Coated Spiky Microparticles with Persistent and Exceptional Biofouling-Resistance.

Injectable micron-sized particles have historically achieved promising applications, but they continued to suffer from long-term biofouling caused by the adhesions of biomolecules, cells, and bacteria. Recently, a slippery lubricant infusion porous substrate (SLIPS) exhibited robust antiadhesiveness against many liquids; however, they were constructed using a 2D substrate, and they were not suitable for applications, such as injectable biomaterials. Inspired by SLIPS, here, we report the first case of injectable solid microparticles coated with a lubricating liquid surface to continuously resist biofouling.

Protection of Nanostructures-Integrated Microneedle Biosensor Using Dissolvable Polymer Coating.

Real-time transdermal biosensing provides a direct route to quantify biomarkers or physiological signals of local tissues. Although microneedles (MNs) present a mini-invasive transdermal technique, integration of MNs with advanced nanostructures to enhance sensing functionalities has rarely been achieved. This is largely due to the fact that nanostructures present on MNs surface could be easily destructed due to friction during skin insertion.

Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid-Assembled Microneedles as Mini-Invasive Electrodes for Real-Time Transdermal Biosensing.

A variety of nanomaterial-based biosensors have been developed to sensitively detect biomolecules in vitro, yet limited success has been achieved in real-time sensing in vivo. The application of microneedles (MN) may offer a solution for painless and minimally-invasive transdermal biosensing. However, integration of nanostructural materials on microneedle surface as transdermal electrodes remains challenging in applications.

Stretchable Strain Vector Sensor Based on Parallelly Aligned Vertical Graphene.

The development of wearable strain sensors for the human-machine interface has attracted considerable research interest. Most existing wearable strain sensors were incapable of simultaneously detecting strain amplitudes and directions, and they failed to fully record stretching vectors that occurred on the body. Graphene and graphene-derived materials have been utilized to construct wearable strain sensors with excellent electrical sensitivities.

Physical activation of innate immunity by spiky particles.

Microbial biochemicals have been indicated as the primary stimulators of innate immunity, the first line of the body's defence against infections. However, the influence of topological features on a microbe's surface on immune responses remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate the ability of TiO microparticles decorated with nanospikes (spiky particles) to activate and amplify the immune response in vitro and in vivo.

Hollow Nanoneedle-Electroporation System To Extract Intracellular Protein Repetitively and Nondestructively.

Techniques used to understand the dynamic expression of intracellular proteins are critical in both fundamental biological research and biomedical engineering. Various methods for analyzing proteins have been developed, but these methods require the extraction of intracellular proteins from the cells resulting in cell lysis and subsequent protein purifications from the lysate, which limits the potential of repetitive extraction from the same set of viable cells to track dynamic intracellular protein expression. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel methods that enable nondestructive and repeated extraction of intracellular proteins.