[Research progress on screening methods for early prostate cancer].

Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor of the male urinary system. Early diagnosis is very important to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients. In this paper, the screening methods for early prostate cancer will be systematically reviewed, covering serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) related testing, non-PSA related testing, as well as emerging genetic and genetic testing technologies.

Adaptive or maladaptive music-listening coping strategy: How does neuroticism use music after experiencing a romantic relationship breakup?

Romantic relationship breakups are common experiences among young people and are associated with negative emotions that can jeopardize psychological well-being. Additionally, those with higher neuroticism may have greater emotional sensitivity towards the impact of music, as they tend to exhibit more negative and unstable emotional traits. As a result, they may be more inclined to control emotions by using music as a coping strategy.

Oxygen Plasma-Treated Hard Carbon for High-Rate and Durable Sodium-Ion Storage.

Tuning of oxygen functional groups in hard carbon (HC) is significant for optimizing sodium storage performance, but achieving precise modulation through effective strategies remains challenging. Herein, we introduce an oxygen plasma treatment strategy to enrich targeted carbonyl groups (C═O) on litchi wood-derived HC (OHC-1400). This surface modification method simultaneously regulates the electron conductivity and interface kinetics.

Design and analysis of gradient-based differential neural network for solving time-varying quadratic problems with inequality constraint.

The inequality-constrained time-varying quadratic program (IC-TVQP) is a fundamental and challenging problem that arises across various scientific and engineering domains. This work introduces a gradient-differential neural network (GDNN) designed for IC-TVQP problem resolution. Finite-time convergence and enhanced computational efficiency are realized in the GDNN through the implementation of a refined sign-bi-power activation function.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of (E)-4-(2-((1H-indol-5-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido [4',3':4,5] thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives as Arf1-GEFs inhibitors for the treatment of colon cancer.

Arf1, a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, tumor progression, and immune suppression, making Arf1-GEFs inhibitors attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, current Arf1 inhibitors face challenges such as high toxicity and poor solubility. In this study, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of (E)-4-(2-((1H-indol-5-yl) methylene) hydrazineyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido [4',3':4,5] thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives, derived from the lead compound Du102.

Synthesis and biological activity of neopeltolide and analogs.

Neopeltolide, a macrolide natural product of marine origin, was initially isolated from a deep-sea sponge belonging to the Neopeltidae family. This compound has garnered significant attention due to its intriguing structural complexity and remarkable biological potency. Since its discovery, the scientific community has reported over twenty distinct total syntheses, formal syntheses, and fragment syntheses of this natural product, along with developing more than eighty neopeltolide analogues with their corresponding biological evaluations.

Case Report: Type II Bartter syndrome with a novel variant in a premature neonate presenting with features of salt-wasting congenital adrenal crisis and pseudo-hypoaldosteronism.

Introduction: Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare group of inherited renal tubulopathies. Diagnosis of BS type II is challenging in the neonatal period as its clinical findings and biochemical features may mimic that of adrenal crisis and pseudo-hypoaldosteronism (PHA) initially. Treatment should be instituted immediately for acute adrenal insufficiency as it is a medical emergency, then modified according to available investigation results and treatment response.

Interference Pattern Caused by Bilateral Bone Conduction Stimulation Impairs Sound Localization.

While bilateral fitting of bone conduction hearing devices (BCHDs) enhances spatial hearing, further improvements are constrained by the unresolved effects of crosstalk - an influential factor that disrupts binaural acoustic cues, such as interaural level difference (ILD) and interaural phase differences (IPD), essential for accurate sound localization. This paper introduces a simplified theoretical model to describe the crosstalk phenomenon and predict the cochlear vibrational responses under bilateral bone conduction (BC) based on principles of wave interference and superposition. The model reveals sound lateralization patterns across different ILD and IPD combinations, different from well-established principles governing air conduction (AC) sound localization, including the precedence effect and intensity rule.

Clinical, imaging, and recurrence analysis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease with initial presentation as meningoencephalitis in children: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a neuroinflammatory disorder with a heterogeneous phenotype. MOGAD, presenting with meningoencephalitis, has been described, with limited data on the clinical and radiographic features in children.

Objective: We aimed to comprehensively investigate the clinical and radiographic characteristics of the MOG antibody-associated meningoencephalitis in children and to identify any magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers associated with relapse.

Advances in Zeroing Neural Networks: Bio-Inspired Structures, Performance Enhancements, and Applications.

Zeroing neural networks (ZNN), as a specialized class of bio-Iinspired neural networks, emulate the adaptive mechanisms of biological systems, allowing for continuous adjustments in response to external variations. Compared to traditional numerical methods and common neural networks (such as gradient-based and recurrent neural networks), this adaptive capability enables the ZNN to rapidly and accurately solve time-varying problems. By leveraging dynamic zeroing error functions, the ZNN exhibits distinct advantages in addressing complex time-varying challenges, including matrix inversion, nonlinear equation solving, and quadratic optimization.

Rotary cutting test on rock-breaking mechanism and efficiency of milled-tooth rolling cutters for shaft sinking by drilling methods.

To address the low rock-breaking efficiency of milled-tooth rolling cutters used for shaft sinking via drilling methods in the Jurassic strata of Western China, this study conducted rotational cutting tests using a mechanical rock-breaking test platform. The rock-breaking mechanisms and efficiency of the cutter were systematically investigated. First, rock-like material specimens were prepared based on the physical and mechanical properties of the weakly cemented sandy mudstone from the Jurassic system.

Synthesis and characterization of a new Carbon-11 labeled positron emission tomography radiotracer for RIPK1 neuroimaging.

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a protein target that regulates necroptosis and immune responses. It plays an important role in inflammation and neurological diseases. RIPK1 inhibitor molecules have entered early clinical trials and have been used to treat neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and immune system diseases like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis.

Bacteria suppress immune responses in Arabidopsis by inducing methylglyoxal accumulation and promoting HO scavenging.

Various reactive small molecules, naturally produced via cellular metabolism, function in plant immunity. However, how pathogens use plant metabolites to promote their infection is poorly understood. Here, we identified that infection with a virulent bacterial strain represses glyoxalase I (GLYI) activity, leading to elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG) in Arabidopsis.

Research on the competitive situation and technical opportunities of global new textile materials technology R&D.

Vigorously developing new textile materials technology is of great significance to improve the high-tech level of the textile industry, enhance the transformation and upgrading of the textile industry, promoting the sustainable development of the industry and the comprehensive national strength. This paper takes the 94,525 invention patents for new textile material technology in the world as the research object, and uses competitive situation calculation and patentometrics to explore the competitive situation, technical opportunities, and layout characteristics of technology R&D (Research and Development) in this field. The results show that the core patented technologies of the United States in the field of new textile materials are in a global leading position with a strong sense of overseas layout, which, like Japan, is more forward-looking than other countries and regions.

Metasurface-enhanced biomedical spectroscopy.

Enhancing the sensitivity of biomedical spectroscopy is crucial for advancing medical research and diagnostics. Metasurfaces have emerged as powerful platforms for enhancing the sensitivity of various biomedical spectral detection technologies. This capability arises from their unparalleled ability to improve interactions between light and matter through the localization and enhancement of light fields.

Seasonal movement behavior of domestic goats in response to environmental variability and time of day using Hidden Markov Models.

Background: Current research on livestock movement ecology focuses on quantifying the factors that trigger alterations in movement behavior and understanding hidden mechanisms. Modern tracking technologies and robust statistical analysis models deliver new opportunities for investigating how individual animals cope with the joint effect of biotic and abiotic factors at different time scales.

Methods: We applied multivariate Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to characterize the fine-scale movement behavior (30-second intervals) of GPS-tracked domestic Zhongwei goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) for 124 days and analyzed the combined influence of biotic and abiotic factors and specific time of day on their seasonal movement behavioral transition in a predator-free, semi-arid mountain grassland in China.

A multi-modal transformer for predicting global minimum adsorption energy.

The fast assessment of the global minimum adsorption energy (GMAE) between catalyst surfaces and adsorbates is crucial for large-scale catalyst screening. However, multiple adsorption sites and numerous possible adsorption configurations for each surface/adsorbate combination make it prohibitively expensive to calculate the GMAE through density functional theory (DFT). Thus, we designed a multi-modal transformer called AdsMT to rapidly predict the GMAE based on surface graphs and adsorbate feature vectors without site-binding information.

Design and Development of a Novel BET Protein-Targeted PET Imaging Probe for In Vivo Characterization of Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology.

BET proteins are essential epigenetic regulators involved in gene transcription and have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vivo imaging of BET proteins may provide insights into disease pathophysiology and help identify potential therapeutic targets. We developed a carbon--labeled radiotracer, [C]YL9, which exhibits high binding affinity for BET proteins.

Real-world efficacy and safety of azvudine in hospitalized older patients with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in China: A retrospective cohort study.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion ( ), time to symptom improvement ( ), and time of hospital stay ( ).

Cytotoxic lymphocytes induced by engineered human dendritic cells mediate potent anti-leukemia activity.

Effective treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains an urgent unmet need. Adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against leukemia-associated antigen (LAA) has strong potential to improve AML treatment. However, the clinical translation of this therapeutic modality is hindered by the difficulty of obtaining large quantities of LAA-specific CTLs.

The Role of Yes-Associated Protein in Autophagy and Tumor Progression in Gastric Cancer.

The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key regulator in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC), yet its role in modulating autophagy remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of YAP modulation on autophagy and tumor progression using the SNU-484 and MKN-74 gastric cancer cell lines. YAP overexpression led to increased B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) transcription, reducing autophagy and enhancing cell survival, while YAP knockdown resulted in elevated autophagic activity.

Stabilizing 4.6 V LiCoO by Lithium Compensative Additives.

The 4.6 V-class LiCoO/SiO full cell exhibits an ultrahigh energy density. However, a large amount of Li ions are consumed by the SiO anode in the initial cycle, bringing in the lithium deficiency issue to the battery system and aggravating the structural degradation of LiCoO (LCO) at high voltages.

Nutrition and Gut Health: Preparation and Efficacy of Resistant Starch.

Resistant starch (RS) refers to starch varieties that resist digestion by human digestive enzymes. Owing to its distinctive physicochemical attributes and functional capabilities, RS has gained a wide range of applications as a dietary fiber and prebiotic. In terms of structure and functions, RS can be categorized into five distinct types: RS1 through RS5.

Enhancing gamma-ray detection: Processing grooved microstructures on LYSO crystal with femtosecond laser.

Background: Gamma-ray detection plays a crucial role in the fields of biomedicine, space exploration, national defense, and security. High-precision gamma photon detection relies on scintillation crystals, which attenuate gamma rays through mechanisms such as photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. These interactions generate light signals within the scintillation crystal, which are subsequently converted into electronic signals using photodetectors, enabling accurate readout, and analysis.

Chiral Guided Mode Resonance with Independently Controllable Quality Factor and Circular Dichroism.

Chiroptical resonances with high quality factors (Q factors) have recently garnered extensive attention due to their broad applications in lasing and optical sensing. However, the independent manipulation of the Q factor and circular dichroism (CD) of chiroptical resonances has rarely been proposed. Here, we demonstrate that the Q factor and CD of guided mode resonance (GMR) can be independently manipulated by simply varying two structural parameters in a diatomic dielectric metasurface grating, offering a new paradigm for chiroptical resonance manipulation.