Integrated Single-Cell Proteomic and Morphometric Analysis Reveals Heterogeneous Drug-Resistant Subpopulations.

Investigating the heterogeneous responses of individual cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. In recent years, single-cell proteomics has demonstrated its significant capability in exploring drug response in cancer cells. Meanwhile, there are increasing reports suggesting that the cellular morphology is potentially associated with drug resistance.

Microamount Phosphopeptide-Enrichment-System-Based Phosphoproteomic Analysis for Small Numbers of Cells and Single Cells.

Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in cellular regulation and signal transduction. In this study, we developed a microamount phosphopeptide enrichment system (mPES) to achieve the enrichment of phosphopeptides in nanoliter-scale based on microfluidics and the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique. Based on mPES, we established a complete set of phosphoproteomic analysis workflow for trace cell samples, including operations of cell capture, cell lysis, protein proteolysis, phosphopeptide enrichment, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection, which can profile phosphoproteomics of complex samples as low as picogram amounts.

IS-SCP: enhanced single-cell proteomics using an simplified strategy.

Advances in single-cell proteomics have enabled the investigation of the distinctive proteomic makeup of individual cells, significantly impacting biomedical research. However, most existing approaches involve complex sample preparation workflows and are sensitive to potential sample loss, which limits their applicability. In this paper, we reported an advanced workflow for easy-to-use single-cell proteome analysis using an simplified strategy, named " simplified single-cell proteomics (IS-SCP)".

Single Cell-Pair Proteomics for Decoding Immune-Cancer Cell Interactions.

The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is significantly influenced by the heterogeneity of individual tumors and immune responses. To investigate this phenomenon, a microfluidic platform is constructed for profiling immune-cancer cell interactions at the single-cell proteomics level for the first time. Based on the platform, a comprehensive workflow is proposed for achieving accurate single-cell pairing of an immune cell and a cancer cell with low cell damage and high success rate up to 95%, cell pair co-culture, and real-time microscopic monitoring of the cell-pair interactions, cell pair retrieval, mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of singe cell pairs, and decoupling of the proteomic information for each cell within the cell pair with the stable-isotope labeling method.

Green extraction and IC analysis of trace impurities in TATB through deep eutectic solvents.

1,3,5-trinamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) as an important insensitive high explosive has excellent safety performance due to strong hydrogen bonds. Ionic impurities including sulfate ions (SO), nitrate ions (NO) and chloride ions (Cl) formed during the preparation of TATB have negative effects on TATB-based explosives. However, strong hydrogen bonds result in extremely low solubility of TATB in traditional solvents, which poses a huge obstacle to extract and detect the impurities in TATB for quality control.

A Novel Real-Time Threshold Algorithm for Closed-Loop Epilepsy Detection and Stimulation System.

Epilepsy, as a common brain disease, causes great pain and stress to patients around the world. At present, the main treatment methods are drug, surgical, and electrical stimulation therapies. Electrical stimulation has recently emerged as an alternative treatment for reducing symptomatic seizures.

Falcon Probe: A High-Pressure and Robust Sampling Interface for Coupling Lossless Liquid Chromatography Injection with In Situ Nanoliter-Scale Sample Pretreatment.

With the increasing demand for trace sample analysis, injecting trace samples into liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) systems with minimal loss has become a major challenge. Herein, we describe an in situ LC-MS analytical probe, the Falcon probe, which integrates multiple functions of high-pressure sample injection without sample loss, high-efficiency LC separation, and electrospray. The main body of the Falcon probe is made of stainless steel and fabricated by the computer numerical control (CNC) technique, which has ultrahigh mechanical strength.

[UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS combined with network pharmacology to explore differential components and mechanisms of raw and scorched rhubarb for treatment of ulcerative colitis].

This study compared the therapeutic difference effects of the raw and scorched rhubarb for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC) and explored their difference in chemical components and mechanisms by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS) and network pharmacology. The UC therapeutic effects of Shaoyao Decoction with the raw rhubarb or the scorched rhubarb were evaluated by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced mouse model. The results showed that Shaoyao Decoction with either the raw rhubarb or the scorched rhubarb could relieve the UC symptoms of mice to different extents, while the scorched rhubarb-based formula showed advantages in reducing hemorrhagic diarrhea and inflammation levels.

One-Shot Single-Cell Proteome and Metabolome Analysis Strategy for the Same Single Cell.

Characterizing the profiles of proteome and metabolome at the single-cell level is of great significance in single-cell multiomic studies. Herein, we proposed a novel strategy called one-shot single-cell proteome and metabolome analysis (scPMA) to acquire the proteome and metabolome information in a single-cell individual in one injection of LC-MS/MS analysis. Based on the scPMA strategy, a total workflow was developed to achieve the single-cell capture, nanoliter-scale sample pretreatment, one-shot LC injection and separation of the enzyme-digested peptides and metabolites, and dual-zone MS/MS detection for proteome and metabolome profiling.

Pick-up single-cell proteomic analysis for quantifying up to 3000 proteins in a Mammalian cell.

The shotgun proteomic analysis is currently the most promising single-cell protein sequencing technology, however its identification level of ~1000 proteins per cell is still insufficient for practical applications. Here, we develop a pick-up single-cell proteomic analysis (PiSPA) workflow to achieve a deep identification capable of quantifying up to 3000 protein groups in a mammalian cell using the label-free quantitative method. The PiSPA workflow is specially established for single-cell samples mainly based on a nanoliter-scale microfluidic liquid handling robot, capable of achieving single-cell capture, pretreatment and injection under the pick-up operation strategy.

Structure characterization of novel heteropolysaccharides from with antioxidant and antiglycated activities.

This study aims to analysis the structures of polysaccharides isolated from and their antioxidant and antiglycated activities. Three novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharides, named PRP0, PRP1, and PRP2, were isolated from . The average molecular weight was determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography analysis as 1.

Ginsenoside Rg5 Improves Sleep by Regulating Energy Metabolism in Sleep-Deprived Rats.

Sleep deprivation (SD) has become a universal social problem. There is a causal relationship between SD and energy metabolism disorder. Phytochemicals have been demonstrated to have excellent sleep-promoting effects, and studies have shown that ginsenoside Rg5 (Rg5) exerts sedative and hypnotic effects.

Promising Energetic Melt-Castable Material with Balanced Properties.

As one of the most widely used energetic materials to date, trinitrotoluene (TNT) suffers from several generally known drawbacks such as high toxicity, oil permeability, and poor mechanical properties, which are driving researchers to explore new high-performance energetic melt-castable materials for replacing TNT. However, it still remains a great challenge to discover a promising TNT alternative due to the multidimensional requirements for practical applications. Herein, we reported a new promising energetic melt-castable molecule, 4-methoxy-1-methyl-3,5-dinitro-1-pyrazole (named as DMDNP).

Medium optimization for high mycelial soluble protein content of using response surface methodology.

is widely utilized due to its pharmaceutical value. Mycelial protein forms a key active component of and determines the medicinal potential of fungus. Here, we describe the development of an optimized fermentation medium to obtain more mycelial soluble protein from using response surface methodology (RSM) and investigate the increased mycelial protein content using transcriptomics.

Self-assembled core-shell clusters in deep eutectic solvents based on tetra-n-alkylammonium cations for high dissolution of strongly hydrogen-bonded small molecules.

Strongly hydrogen-bonded compounds such as 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6‑trinitrobenzene (TATB, an important insensitive high explosive) have excellent stability, but poor solubilities to limit their recrystallization, purification and recycling. In this study, core-shell clusters based on symmetrical tetra-n-alkylammonium [TTA] are designed to provide an inner cavity to incorporate TATB, and thus the clusters can separate TATB from original hydrogen-bonded networks to increase largely the solubility. Based on this design, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on [TTA] cations are first developed to yield self-assembled core-shell clusters for solubilizing TATB.

Transformation Mechanism of Rare Ginsenosides in American Ginseng by Different Processing Methods and Antitumour Effects.

The mechanism by which ginsenosides from L. transform into rare saponins by different processing methods and their antitumour effects have yet to be fully elucidated. Our study aimed to detect the effect of amino acids and processing methods on the conversion of ginsenosides in American ginseng to rare ginsenosides, using 8 monomeric ginsenosides as substrates to discuss the reaction pathway and mechanism.

Sediment formation and analysis of the main chemical components of aqueous extracts from different parts of ginseng roots.

Sediment is a key issue in the production and marketing of plant beverages, as is ginseng beverages. The formation of sediment in ginseng beverages is a gradual process. This work describes the formation of sediment from different parts of ginseng and describes the color and clarity of the liquid and the amount and morphology of the sediment.

Formation and Characterization of Irreversible Sediment of Ginseng Extract.

Sediment is a key issue in the beverage industry. This study confirmed that reversible and irreversible sediments were formed during low-temperature storage of ginseng extract. The first 30 days of storage are the critical period for sediment formation.

Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Plant Growth Regulator Residues in Cabbage and Grape Using an Optimal QuEChERS Sample Preparation and UHPLC-MS/MS Method.

Background: At present, plant growth regulators (PGRs) are widely used in agricultural and forestry production. PGRs, like traditional pesticides, have certain toxicities. Naively excessively applying them will cause the acute and chronic poisoning of humans and animals and potentially harm human health.

Corrigendum to "Effects of Raphani Semen on anti-fatigue and pharmacokinetics of " Chinese Herbal Medicines 11 2019 308-313.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.