Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of , and Gene Families in .

RNA silencing regulates diverse cellular processes in plants. Argonaute (AGO), Dicer-like (DCL), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) proteins are core components of RNA interference (RNAi). Despite their functional significance, the systematic identification and characterization of these families have remained largely unexplored in .

Selection of Reference Genes in and Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Mogrosides Biosynthesis.

is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. In this study, using cultivated in vitro, twelve candidate reference genes under various treatments were analyzed for their expression stability by using algorithms such as GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta CT, and RefFinder. The selected reference genes were then used to characterize the gene expression of , which is a rate-limiting enzyme for mogroside biosynthesis.

Synthesis of Crocin I and Crocin II by Multigene Stacking in .

Crocins are a group of highly valuable water-soluble carotenoids that are reported to have many pharmacological activities, such as anticancer properties, and the potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Crocins are mainly biosynthesized in the stigmas of food-medicine herbs L. and fruits.

Post-Ripening and Key Glycosyltransferase Catalysis to Promote Sweet Mogrosides Accumulation of Fruits.

Sweet mogrosides are not only the primary bioactive ingredient in fruits that exhibit anti-tussive properties and expectorate phlegm, but they are also responsible for the fruit's sweetness. Increasing the content or proportion of sweet mogrosides in fruits is significant for improving their quality and industrial production. Post-ripening is an essential step in the post-harvest processing of fruits, but the underlying mechanism and condition of post-ripening on quality improvement need to be studied systematically.

Root Metabolism and Effects of Root Exudates on the Growth of and Were Significantly Different between the Two Genotypes of Peanuts.

Wild peanut species () had a higher continuous cropping tolerance than peanut cultivars, closely correlating with the regulatory effects of its root exudates on soil microorganisms. To reveal the resistance mechanism of to pathogens, we adopted transcriptomic and metabolomics approaches to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between and peanut cultivar Guihua85 (GH85) under hydroponic conditions. Interaction experiments of peanut root exudates with () and () were carried out in this study.

Heterologous mogrosides biosynthesis in cucumber and tomato by genetic manipulation.

Mogrosides are widely used as high-value natural zero-calorie sweeteners that exhibit an array of biological activities and allow for vegetable flavour breeding by modern molecular biotechnology. In this study, we developed an In-fusion based gene stacking strategy for transgene stacking and a multi-gene vector harbouring 6 mogrosides biosynthesis genes and transformed it into Cucumis sativus and Lycopersicon esculentum. Here we show that transgenic cucumber can produce mogroside V and siamenoside I at 587 ng/g FW and 113 ng/g FW, respectively, and cultivated transgenic tomato with mogroside III.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors in .

WRKY transcription factors, as the largest gene family in higher plants, play an important role in various biological processes including growth and development, regulation of secondary metabolites, and stress response. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and analysis of WRKY transcription factors in . A total of 59 genes were identified that were distributed on all 14 chromosomes, and these were classified into three major groups based on phylogenetic relationships.

Plant Metabolic Engineering by Multigene Stacking: Synthesis of Diverse Mogrosides.

Mogrosides are a group of health-promoting natural products that extracted from fruit (Luo-han-guo or monk fruit), which exhibited a promising practical application in natural sweeteners and pharmaceutical development. However, the production of mogrosides is inadequate to meet the need worldwide, and uneconomical synthetic chemistry methods are not generally recommended for structural complexity. To address this issue, an in-fusion based gene stacking strategy (IGS) for multigene stacking has been developed to assemble 6 mogrosides synthase genes in pCAMBIA1300.

Heterologous Biosynthesis of Health-Promoting Baicalein in .

Baicalein is a valuable flavonoid isolated from the medicinal plant Georgi, which exhibits intensive biological activities, such as anticancer and antiviral activities. However, its production is limited in the root with low yield. In this study, In-Fusion and 2A peptide linker were developed to assemble , , , and genes driven by the AtPD7, CaMV 35S and AtUBQ10 promoters with HSP, E9 and NOS terminators, and were used to engineer baicalein biosynthesis in transgenic tomato plants.

[Cloning and expression analysis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase genes from Siraitia grosvenorii].

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMGR) is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonic acid(MVA)pathway and it is an important regulatory site in the metabolism of terpenoids in the cytoplasm. In this study, Siraitia grosvenorii that had been pollinated 0 day,1 day,3 days,15 days and 30 days were used as experimental materials. Based on the transcriptome data, two HMGR genes were cloned from S.

Complete chloroplast genomes of two Siraitia Merrill species: Comparative analysis, positive selection and novel molecular marker development.

Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, known as Luo-Han-Guo, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for many years, and mogrosides are its primary active ingredients. Unfortunately, Siraitia siamensis, its wild relative, might be misused due to its indistinguishable appearance, not only threatening the reliability of the medication but also partly exacerbating wild resource scarcity. Therefore, high-resolution genetic markers must be developed to discriminate between these species.

Systematic characterization of flavonoids from Siraitia grosvenorii leaf extract using an integrated strategy of high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

The chemical constituents of the Siraitia grosvenorii leaf extract were studied. Firstly, high-speed counter-current chromatography was applied to the one-step separation of four compounds from S. grosvenorii leaf extract with the solvent system composed of 0.

Modification of isoprene synthesis to enable production of curcurbitadienol synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids such as mogrosides and cucurbitacins that are present in the plants of Cucurbitaceae are widely used in Asian traditional medicine. Cucurbitadienol is the skeleton of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. As an alternative production strategy, we developed baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a microbial host for the eventual transformation of cucurbitadienol.

Functional expression of two NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases from Siraitia grosvenorii.

Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is the redox partner of various P450s involved in primary and secondary metabolism. Here, we identified and characterized two paralogs of cytochrome P450 reductase from Siraitia grosvenorii. There were two full-length CPR isoforms in the S.

Rapid Evaluation of Chemical Consistency of Artificially Induced and Natural Resina Draconis Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Chemical Profiling.

Resina Draconis is a highly valued traditional medicine widely used in Arabia since ancient times, and it has been commonly used as an antidiarrheic, antimicrobial, antiulcer, blood circulation promoter as well as an anti-inflammatory agent. The tree source from which this medicine orignates grows extremely slowly, producing a very low yield of Resina Draconis. To meet the increasing market demand, artificial methods for stimulating Resina Draconis formation have been developed and applied.

[Prospects of molecular breeding in medical plants].

The molecular-assisted breeding, transgenic breeding and molecular designing breeding are three development directions of plant molecular breeding. Base on these three development directions, this paper summarizes developing status and new tendency of research field of genetic linkage mapping, QTL mapping, association mapping, molecular-assisted selections, pollen-mediated transformations, agrobacterium-mediated transformations, particle gun-mediated transformations, genome editing technologies, whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, proteome sequencing and varietal molecular designing. The objective and existing problem of medical plant molecular breeding were discussed the prospect of these three molecular breeding technologies application on medical plant molecular breeding was outlooked.

The effect of 8-OH-DPAT and dapoxetine on gene expression in the brain of male rats during ejaculation.

The 5-HT receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-[di--propylamino] tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) promotes ejaculation of male rats, whereas dapoxetine delays this process. However, the gene expression profile of the brain at ejaculation following administrationof these two compounds has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, a transcriptomic BodyMap was generated by conducting mRNA-Seq on brain samples of male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Cloning and characterization of squalene synthase and cycloartenol synthase from .

Mogrosides and steroid saponins are tetracyclic triterpenoids found in . Squalene synthase (SQS) and cycloartenol synthase (CAS) are key enzymes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis. In this study, full-length cDNAs of and were cloned by a rapid amplification of cDNA-ends with polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) approach.

Systematic identification of flavonols, flavonol glycosides, triterpene and siraitic acid glycosides from Siraitia grosvenorii using high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with a screening strategy.

The fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii are considered to be health-promoting because of the diversity of their bioactive ingredients. In the present study, a screening method, using high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a screening strategy, has been established. The technology was used to systematically screening the targeted metabolites, primarily from the complex matrix of S.

Profiles of brain central nervous system gene expression associated with ejaculation behavior in male rats.

The male rat has been used extensively as a model for evaluating the neurophysiology of sexual behavior. However, gene expression in the brain throughout the process of sexual intercourse has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we created a transcriptomic BodyMap by performing mRNA-Seq on brain samples from pre-copulatory control (CK), fourth intromission (CR4), ejaculation (EJ) and post-ejaculatory interval 1-min (PEI1) Sprague Dawley rats (n=40, all male, each 10).

Transcriptome Analysis of Taxillusi chinensis (DC.) Danser Seeds in Response to Water Loss.

Background: Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser, the official species of parasitic loranthus that grows by parasitizing other plants, is used in various traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways are two major pathways in response to drought stress for plants and some genes have been reported to play a key role during the dehydration including dehydration-responsive protein RD22, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, and various transcription factors (TFs) like MYB and WRKY.

Cloning and expression of from .

CYP450 plays an essential role in the development and growth of the fruits of . However, little is known about the gene in . Here, based on transcriptome data, a full-length cDNA sequence of was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategies.

[Study on exogenous hormones inducing parthenocarpy fruit growth and development and quality of Siraitia grosvenorii].

To explore the growth and development and analyze the quality of the parthenocarpy fruit induced by exogenous hormones of Siraitia grosvenorii. the horizontal and vertical diameter, volume of the fruit were respectively measured by morphological and the content of endogenous hormones were determined by ELISA. The size and seed and content of mogrosides of mature fruit were determined.

[Selection of reference genes of Siraitia grosvenorii by real-time PCR].

Siraitia grosvenorii is a traditional Chinese medicine also as edible food. This study selected six candidate reference genes by real-time quantitative PCR, the expression stability of the candidate reference genes in the different samples was analyzed by using the software and methods of geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta CT method and RefFinder, reference genes for S. grosvenorii were selected for the first time.

[Reasons that seedless fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii become small].

Objective: To study the reasons that the seedless fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii developed to smaller ones.

Methods: The differences of fruit expanding, gene expressing and cell development were investigated between the triploid and diploid fruits from two strains F050 and F049.

Results: The results showed the expanding of triploid fruits was stopped about 20 days after artificial pollination, 10 days earlier than the diploid fruits.