Long-term trends and projections of ovarian cancer burden in China (1990 to 2040): an age-period-cohort analysis based on GBD 2021 data.

Background: The growing burden of ovarian cancer is attracting widespread attention; the impact factors and the evolution trend of ovarian cancer burden need to be further studied.

Methods: Ovarian cancer disease burden data for Chinese women were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. We performed Age-Period-Cohort (APC) analysis to evaluate evolution trends across age, period, and cohort dimensions and identify contributing factors.

A zebrafish model unravels the role of PHF21A in neurodevelopment and epilepsy.

Background: The PHF21A gene encodes the protein BRAF histone deacetylase complex 80 (BHC80), which is primarily expressed in the human brain and essential for neurodevelopment and seizures. However, the implications of PHF21A variants in human disease pathogenesis have yet to be fully elucidated.

Methods: Whole-exon sequencing was performed on three patients with PHF21A variants.

Repeatability and prognostic value of radiomic features: a study in esophageal cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate whether radiomic features (RFs) repeatability and their prognostic value are study-specific.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 234 esophageal cancer (EC) patients (contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)), and 525 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients (CECT). Tumor, peritumor, and lymph node regions were defined as regions of interest.

A novel multimodal adaptive delineation model for primary tumors and lymph node metastases in multi-center nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy.

Purpose: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) features uncertain and complex gross tumor volume (GTV) distributions in terms of location, size, and shape. A novel deep learning model with adaptability was proposed to improve the accuracy of automatic GTV delineation for NPC primary and metastatic lesions.

Methods And Materials: This study comprised 529 retrospective cases and 4 prospective cases from multiple centers, all with CT and MRI modalities.

Constrained Minimal Interface on Iridium Oxide Surfaces for Acidic Water Oxidation with Low Iridium Loading.

Iridium-based oxides are the best commercial catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because of their relatively excellent stability. However, their high price and low OER activity have greatly impeded their commercialization. Doping IrO with transition metals significantly enhances its activity; however, the instability of transition metals in OER kinetic processes can result in substantial metal dissolution and ion exchange.

Photoswitchable Antimicrobial Metallohelices.

Chiral subcomponent self-assembly is used to access optically pure, metallo-helical species based on Zn and Fe(II) and incorporating three transazobenzene units. UV-vis, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopies, alongside X-ray crystallographic and DFT computational studies are used to unambiguously characterize a highly reversible stepwise photochemical transformation to an all-cis state in which structural integrity and optical purity have been retained. Although the all-trans state of the water-soluble enantiomers exhibited low or moderate activity against Gram-positive strains, irradiation at 365 nm led to up to eight-fold reduction in MIC.

Effective Hole Utilization for Atomically Dispersed Low-Coordination Molybdenum Accelerating Photocatalytic C─H Activation.

Photocatalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols offers a promising strategy to produce the corresponding carbonyl compounds and clean fuel H. However, the sluggish kinetics of the alkoxy C─H bond cleavage attributes to the inefficient utilization of photogenerated holes greatly restricts the photocatalytic activity. Here we develmically dispersed low-coordination Mo on ultrathin ZnInS nanosheets that can greatly accelerate photocatalytic C─H activation.

Inclusion of chitosan in Tenebrio molitor larva protein hydrogels improved the rheological and gel properties of the composite hydrogels.

Tenebrio molitor protein (TMP) is a highly promising alternative protein resource. However, hydrogels formed from TMP alone typically exhibit fragility and brittleness, limiting their development and application. This study investigated the effects of varying chitosan (CS) concentrations on the mechanical properties of TMP hydrogels.

STING aggravates ferroptosis-dependent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting GPX4 for autophagic degradation.

Despite advancements in interventional coronary reperfusion technologies following myocardial infarction, a notable portion of patients continue to experience elevated mortality rates as a result of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying MI/R injury is crucial for devising strategies to minimize myocardial damage and enhance patient survival. Here, it is discovered that during MI/R, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signal accumulates, accompanied by high rates of myocardial ferroptosis.

Robust Tunnel TaO Passivating Interlayer Enables Long-Term Solar Water Oxidation.

Silicon-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offer significant advantages for solar-to-clean fuel conversion but face challenges such as surface recombination and poor stability, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of device failure mechanisms and effective mitigation strategies. Using nickel-decorated n-type silicon (n-Si/Ni) as a model photoelectrode, we demonstrate that surface restructuring during operation initially passivates surface recombination but eventually blocks photogenerated hole transfer, leading to device failure. To mitigate this challenge, an ultrathin (<1 nm) tantalum oxide (TaO) interlayer is introduced via atomic layer deposition (ALD).

The phenotypic spectrum of YWHAG-related epilepsy: From mild febrile seizures to severe developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy.

Aim: To explore the phenotypic spectrum and refine the genotype-phenotype correlation of YWHAG-related epilepsy.

Method: This study used a retrospective cohort design to evaluate the clinical data of 15 patients with epilepsy and YWHAG variants in our Chinese cohort (nine males, six females; median age: 6 years 4 months; range: 1 year 6 months-12 years 8 months) and 40 patients with epilepsy with YWHAG variants from published studies (21 males, 19 females; median age: 10 years; range: 3 years-67 years).

Results: In our cohort, seven variants were de novo and five were new.

Catharanthus roseus extract-assisted silver nanoparticles chitosan films with high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for fresh food preservation.

Although the potential of chitosan (CS) -based biomass packaging materials for food preservation is encouraging, their use is severely constrained by the poor mechanical, UV, antioxidant, and solubility qualities. This study successfully combined silver nanoparticles made from Catharanthus roseus extracts with chitosan (CS-Ca-Ag) to enrich the functions of CS film. The films' Young's modulus values (45.

Leveraging Polaron Effect for Solar-Driven Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activation in Water Purification.

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) represents a promising advanced oxidation technique for the treatment of refractory pollutants; however, its application is limited by high costs resulting from excessive usage due to low activation efficiency. In this study, we formulated a sunlight-driven Cu-O/TiO catalyst with surface electron polaron sites to activate PMS for the degradation of contaminants, achieving a record reaction rate of k = 2.998 min even with a low PMS dosage of 0.

Neck muscle training improving the setup of reproducibility in patient with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy - a prospective randomized controlled study.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a cervical muscle training intervention in decreasing setup errors in patients head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT).

Materials And Methods: HNC patients opting for RT at our center. The patients were randomly allocated to either the muscle training group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio.

Effectiveness of personalized open-face mask combined with styrofoam fixation in radiotherapy treatment of head and neck cancers: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The primary aim of this investigation is to assess the effectiveness of implementing an innovative immobilization approach, spec ically the utilization of personalized open-face masks in combination with styrofoam fixation, for head and neck cancers receiving radiotherapy. The study seeks to evaluate the influence of this method on improving patients' precision in positioning and their overall comfort during the treatment process, in addition to exploring its potential capacity to mitigate the occurrence of anxiety and depression in this patient population.

Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was undertaken to investigate the comparative efficacy of two immobilization approaches for the radiotherapy treatment of head and neck cancers.

Temporal trends in the burden of vertebral fractures caused by falls in China and globally from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: This study aimed to estimate temporal trends in the burden of vertebral fractures (VFs) caused by falls by gender and age in China and globally from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Data concerning the characteristics of VFs caused by falls in China and worldwide, with a focus on metrics in incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) and their age-standardised rates, were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify periods with significant changes.

Vernier Effect-Enhanced Temperature Sensing Based on On-Chip Spiral Resonant Cavities.

The optical Vernier effect has been widely studied due to its remarkable effect in improving the sensitivity and resolution of optical sensors. This effect relies on the overlapping envelope of two signals with slightly detuned frequencies. In the application of on-chip optical waveguide resonant cavities with whispering gallery modes, due to the on-chip space limitations, the length of the resonant cavity is restricted, resulting in an increased free spectral range.

Global, regional, and national burden of liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 1990-2021: a multi-model trend analysis and forecasting study.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), significantly contribute to the increasing incidence of liver cancer due to NASH (NALC), emphasizing the urgent need to address the associated global health burden.

Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 dataset, we analyzed the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates of NALC and NAFLD from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries. The Joinpoint model, age-period-cohort modeling, decomposition analysis, and frontier analysis were used to assess trends, identify contributing factors, and evaluate health inequities.

Association of daily step counts and step intensity with mortality among US adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2005-2006.

Background & Aims: We aimed to describe the dose-response relationship between daily step counts and intensity with respect to all-cause mortality among US adults diagnosed with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database spanning from 2005 to 2006, a cross-sectional study included 1,108 participants was performed to assess the relationship between daily step counts and step intensity with mortality.

Results: A total of 1,108 participants from the NHANES study were included, with a mean age of 49.

Prognostic Impact of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells on Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are implicated in the survival of ovarian cancer (OVCA) patients, but their prognostic significance in advanced or metastatic OVCA patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCAT) has not been well documented, particularly in the Chinese population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 31 advanced or metastatic OVCA patients who underwent NACT were included. The density and positive rate of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) within cancer cell nests and in cancer stroma were explored.

Electric Field Effects in Flash Joule Heating Synthesis.

Flash Joule heating has emerged as an ultrafast, scalable, and versatile synthesis method for nanomaterials, such as graphene. Here, we experimentally and theoretically deconvolute the contributions of thermal and electrical processes to the synthesis of graphene by flash Joule heating. While traditional methods of graphene synthesis involve purely chemical or thermal driving forces, our results show that the presence of charge and the resulting electric field in a graphene precursor catalyze the formation of graphene.

A survey on brachytherapy training of gynecological cancer focusing on the competence of residents in China.

Background: The brachytherapy is an indispensable treatment for gynecological tumors, but the quality and efficiency of brachytherapy training for residents is still unclear.

Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was designed to collect information on gynecological brachytherapy (GBT) training for radiation oncology residents from 28 training bases in China. The questionnaire content was designed based on the principle of competency based medical education (CBME).