From Pollution to Value: Electrochemical Systems for Transforming Flue Gas into Chemicals and Fuels.

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) can enable the production of fuels and chemicals from CO emissions. Direct flue gas conversion can address the emissions from hard-to-abate sectors, including cement, steel, and power generation industries. Such integration with SCORR can also decarbonize the petrochemical industry and eliminate separation and purification steps.

Inflammatory mediators and the RAGE pathway in placental tissues of pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia.

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex multisystem disorder of pregnancy associated with abnormal placentation, vascular anomalies, and systemic inflammation and hypertension. Previous research assessing inflammatory triggers of the condition used plasma, amniotic fluid, or explant samples. Studies using placental tissue from either vaginal or cesarean deliveries are confined to semiquantitative analysis using subjective scoring methods and generally involve a small sample size.

Phase 2 Trial of Ultrahypofractionated Image-guided Partial Breast Irradiation Following Lumpectomy with Optional Oncoplastic Reconstruction for Early-stage Breast Cancer.

Purpose: As accelerated partial breast irradiation is gaining widespread acceptance for low-risk breast cancers treated with breast conservation, its role following oncoplastic surgery remains controversial.

Methods And Materials: We performed a prospective phase 2 trial of women aged 50 and older who were estrogen receptor positive with stage 0 to 1 breast cancer measuring ≤3 cm following successful lumpectomy with optional oncoplastic reconstruction. Patients were treated on the Varian Edge radiosurgery system to a prescribed dose of 30 Gy in 5 fractions, and the primary endpoints were feasibility and safety.

Management of liver metastases from uveal melanoma.

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, with distinct genetic and clinical characteristics compared with cutaneous melanoma. Despite improvements in the treatment of the primary tumour, nearly half of the patients will develop distant metastases, most commonly in the liver. Once metastases are detected, the median overall survival is approximately 1 year, with a 2-year survival rate of only 8%.

Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries.

Polygenic scores (PGSs) for body mass index (BMI) may guide early prevention and targeted treatment of obesity. Using genetic data from up to 5.1 million people (4.

Surveillance of coronaviruses in wild aquatic birds in Hong Kong: expanded genetic diversity and discovery of novel subgenus in the .

Migratory birds may carry emerging viruses over long distances. Regular surveillance and metagenomic analysis were employed to explore the diversity of avian coronaviruses at Hong Kong's Mai Po Wetland. We tested a total of 3239 samples collected from 2018 to 2024, among which the prevalence rate of viruses of the genus (64.

Online46: Online cognitive assessments in elderly cohorts-The British 1946 birth cohort case study.

Introduction: Online assessments are scalable and cost effective for detecting cognitive changes, especially in elderly cohorts with limited mobility and higher vulnerability to neurological conditions. However, determining the uptake, adherence, and usability of these assessments in older adults, who may have less experience with mobile devices, is crucial.

Methods: A total of 1776 members (aged 77) of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) were invited to complete 13 online cognitive tasks.

Cohort profile: characterisation, determinants, mechanisms and consequences of the long-term effects of COVID-19 - providing the evidence base for health care services (CONVALESCENCE) in the UK.

Purpose: The pathogenesis of the long-lasting symptoms which can follow an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus ('long covid') is not fully understood. The 'COroNaVirus post-Acute Long-term EffectS: Constructing an evidENCE base' (CONVALESCENCE) study was established as part of the Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing COVID-19 UK National Core Study. We performed a deep phenotyping case-control study nested within two cohorts (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and TwinsUK) as part of CONVALESCENCE.

Youth Perspectives on Generative AI and Its Use in Health Care.

A nationwide survey of youth aged 14 to 24 years on generative artificial intelligence (GAI) found that many youths are wary about the use of GAI in health care, suggesting that health professionals should acknowledge concerns about AI health tools and address them with adolescent patients as they become more pervasive.

The Data-Augmented, Technology-Assisted Medical Decision Making (DATA-MD) Curriculum: A Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Curriculum for Clinical Trainees.

Problem: Despite the rapidly expanding role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in health care, a significant knowledge gap remains among clinicians in their ability to evaluate and use AI and ML tools.

Approach: The Data-Augmented, Technology-Assisted Medical Decision Making (DATA-MD) curriculum was developed to teach fundamental AI and ML concepts to clinical trainees. The curriculum contains 4 modules: (1) Introduction to AI/ML in Healthcare, (2) Epidemiology and Biostatistics in AI/ML, (3) Use of AI/ML to Augment Diagnostic Decisions, and (4) Ethical and Legal Considerations of AI/ML in Healthcare.

Myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosed by genetic testing for hereditary cancer: a case report.

Genetic testing for solid tumor syndromes typically uses peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) as the source of germline DNA. This approach has shortcomings in certain situations, such as somatic mosaicism and hematologic malignancies. Here we describe a case where germline genetic testing on PBL revealed an unsuspected diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Genome-wide association meta-analysis of age at onset of walking in over 70,000 infants of European ancestry.

Age at onset of walking is an important early childhood milestone which is used clinically and in public health screening. In this genome-wide association study meta-analysis of age at onset of walking (N = 70,560 European-ancestry infants), we identified 11 independent genome-wide significant loci. SNP-based heritability was 24.

Sex differences between mid-life glycaemic traits and brain volume at age 70: a population-based study.

Higher HbA1c in mid-to-later life has been associated with smaller whole brain volume (WBV) in older women but not men. We explored whether this association was replicated using different markers of (i) glycaemic health [fasting glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and β-cell function (HOMA-%B)] and (ii) brain structure (white or grey matter volume). 453 participants (51% men) from the 1946 British Birth Cohort had glycaemic measures (at age 60-64) and MRI measures (at age ∼70).

Ultrahypofractionated partial breast irradiation following oncoplastic surgery: secondary analysis of a phase II trial.

Purpose: Although partial breast irradiation (PBI) is accepted as an effective and cosmesis-preserving technique for low-risk early-stage breast cancer following standard lumpectomy, data supporting PBI following oncoplastic surgery are sparse. We report prospective data in efforts to determine whether PBI can be safely utilized after oncoplastic surgery.

Methods: Patients with low-risk stage 0-1 breast cancer following successful lumpectomy with optional oncoplastic reconstruction were enrolled on a phase II trial.

Case Report: Neuropsychological Profile of a Patient With Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma Following Infection and Vaccination.

Objective: Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare and aggressive lymphoma that can have heterogeneous central nervous system involvement and cerebrovascular complications. The development of IVLBCL can be fatal. Although relatively rare, the development of specific clinical syndromes, such as IVLBCL, has been implicated following infection and vaccination.

Photothermal-promoted anion exchange membrane seawater electrolysis on a nickel-molybdenum-based catalyst.

Exploring active, durable catalysts and utilizing external renewable energy sources offer notable opportunities for advancing seawater electrolysis. Here, a multifunctional NiMo-based catalyst (NiMo-H) composed of bimetallic NiMo nanoparticles on MoO nanorods is demonstrated for the alkaline seawater hydrogen evolution reaction. The alloying effect and the nanorod-nanoparticle structure endow this catalyst with high structural stability, rapid electron transfer, and a large surface area.

The Effect of Titanium Nitride Coatings on the Ingrowth and Interface Strength of Three-Dimensional Printed Porous Implants.

Background: The impact of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on biologic fixation of modern titanium-based porous surfaces fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques remains unexplored. This study aimed to compare the biological fixation of three-dimensional (3D)-printed porous implants, with and without TiN coating, in a canine model.

Methods: A canine femoral transcortical model was used to evaluate the characteristics of bone ingrowth of fully porous Ti-6Al-4V cylindrical implants fabricated using either laser rapid manufacturing or electron beam melting.

Benchmarking Interpretability in Healthcare Using Pattern Discovery and Disentanglement.

The healthcare industry seeks to integrate AI into clinical applications, yet understanding AI decision making remains a challenge for healthcare practitioners as these systems often function as black boxes. Our work benchmarks the Pattern Discovery and Disentanglement (PDD) system's unsupervised learning algorithm, which provides interpretable outputs and clustering results from clinical notes to aid decision making. Using the MIMIC-IV dataset, we process free-text clinical notes and ICD-9 codes with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and Topic Modeling.

UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration (UK LLC): The National Trusted Research Environment for Longitudinal Research.

Introduction: The UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration (UK LLC) is the national Trusted Research Environment (TRE) for the UK's longitudinal research community, supporting the UK's unparalleled collection of Longitudinal Population Studies (LPS). Initially set up as a COVID-19 research resource, UK LLC is now a generic database for any research for the public good.

Objectives: UK LLC supports longitudinal research by providing record linkage and TRE services.

Microenvironment Tailoring for Electrocatalytic CO Reduction: Effects of Interfacial Structure on Controlling Activity and Selectivity.

The performance of the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) is highly dependent on the microenvironment around the cathode. Despite efforts to optimize the microenvironment by modifying nanostructured catalysts or microporous gas diffusion electrodes, their inherent disorder presents a significant challenge to understanding how interfacial structure arrangement within the electrode governs the microenvironment for CORR. This knowledge gap limits fundamental understanding of CORR while also hindering efforts to enhance CORR selectivity and activity.

Minimally Invasive Isolated Limb Perfusion (MI-ILP) for Locally Advanced Melanomas and Sarcomas of the Extremity.

Minimally invasive isolated limb perfusion (MI-ILP) is a treatment option for patients with locally advanced melanomas and sarcomas of the extremities. Briefly, the procedure starts with percutaneous access of the femoral or brachial vessels in the diseased extremity. It is then isolated from the rest of the body with a tourniquet.

Remote cognitive tests predict neurodegenerative biomarkers in the Insight 46 cohort.

Background: Alzheimer's disease-related biomarkers detect pathology years before symptoms emerge, when disease-modifying therapies might be most beneficial. Remote cognitive testing provides a means of assessing early cognitive changes. We explored the relationship between neurodegenerative biomarkers and cognition in cognitively normal individuals.

Cation effects on CO reduction catalyzed by single-crystal and polycrystalline gold under well-defined mass transport conditions.

The presence of alkali metal cations in the electrolyte substantially affects the reactivity and selectivity of electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO) reduction (COR). This study examines the role of cations in COR on single-crystal and polycrystalline Au under controlled mass-transport conditions. It establishes that CO adsorption is the rate-determining step regardless of cation type or surface structure.