A data-to-forecast machine learning system for global weather.

Weather forecasting traditionally relies on numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems that integrate global observations, data assimilation (DA), and physics-based models. However, further advances are increasingly constrained by high computational costs, the underutilization of vast observational datasets, and challenges in obtaining finer resolution. Recent advances in machine learning present a promising alternative, but still depend on the initial conditions generated by NWP systems.

In Silico Lung Deposition Profiles of Three Single-Inhaler Triple Therapies in Patients with COPD Using Functional Respiratory Imaging.

Introduction: Inhalation is the foundational route for administering pharmacological treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Given the relevance of both large and small airways in COPD, lung distribution deposition characteristics of different inhaler options could influence treatment effects. This study evaluated the total deposition of 3 single-inhaler triple therapies in the large and small airways.

Foliar Herbivory Suppresses Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonisation by Weakening Symbiosis Signalling in Root Exudates.

Foliar insect herbivory could affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), yet the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Here, we examined the response of AMF symbiosis signals to foliar herbivory, using six herbaceous plant species and a generalist herbivorous insect. We found AMF colonisation was suppressed by foliar herbivory.

Photothermal-promoted anion exchange membrane seawater electrolysis on a nickel-molybdenum-based catalyst.

Exploring active, durable catalysts and utilizing external renewable energy sources offer notable opportunities for advancing seawater electrolysis. Here, a multifunctional NiMo-based catalyst (NiMo-H) composed of bimetallic NiMo nanoparticles on MoO nanorods is demonstrated for the alkaline seawater hydrogen evolution reaction. The alloying effect and the nanorod-nanoparticle structure endow this catalyst with high structural stability, rapid electron transfer, and a large surface area.

Advancing Seawater Electrochemical Reaction for Fuel and Chemical Production.

As global demand for sustainable chemical processes intensifies, seawater, with its vast availability and rich composition, represents a promising resource for advancing green chemical technologies. Seawater can serve as a feedstock or intermediate for producing fuels and chemicals, including hydrogen, chlorine gas and chloride, sodium, magnesium, and carbon-based compounds through specific electrochemical reactions. While extensive studies have been focused on seawater hydrogen production, systematic exploration of its broader electrochemical reactions remains limited.

Hypoxia-Responsive Covalent Organic Framework Nanoplatform for Breast-Cancer-Targeted Cocktail Immunotherapy via Triple Therapeutic Switch Mechanisms.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), known for their exceptional in situ encapsulation and precise release capabilities, are emerging as pioneering drug delivery systems. This study introduces a hypoxia-responsive COF designed to encapsulate the chemotherapy drug gambogic acid (GA) in situ. Bimetallic gold-palladium islands were grown on UiO-66-NH (UiO) to form UiO@Au-Pd (UAPi), which were encapsulated with GA through COF membrane formation, resulting in a core-shell structure (UAPiGC).

Correction: Tian et al. Genome-Wide Identification of the DnaJ Gene Family in Citrus and Functional Characterization of in Response to Citrus Huanglongbing. 2024, , 11967.

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The 2023 report of the synergetic roadmap on carbon neutrality and clean air for China: Carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, greening, and growth.

The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms, targets, strategies, and governance systems. This report, based on a monitoring indicator system for coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change, employs an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social sciences. It establishes 20 indicators across five key areas: air pollution and climate change, governance systems and practices, structural transformation and technologies, atmospheric components and emission reduction pathways, and health impacts and co-benefits.

L2 motivational self system, foreign language enjoyment as predictors of motivated behavior.

The research examined the three constructs of Second Language Motivational Self System (L2MSS) and Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) as predictors of Motivated Behavior (MB) based on the participants (N = 335) of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in a Chinese education context. The exploratory factor analysis has been conducted to reveal the two components of Second Language Learning Experience (L2LE). By closer scrutiny of the theoretical model, we have found Ideal Second Language Self (Ideal L2 self), Emotional Engagement L2 Learning Experience (EEL2LE), Behavior Engagement L2 Learning Experience (BEL2LE), FLE as significant direct predictors of motivated behavior.

A machine learning model that outperforms conventional global subseasonal forecast models.

Skillful subseasonal forecasts are crucial for various sectors of society but pose a grand scientific challenge. Recently, machine learning-based weather forecasting models outperform the most successful numerical weather predictions generated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), but have not yet surpassed conventional models at subseasonal timescales. This paper introduces FuXi Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (FuXi-S2S), a machine learning model that provides global daily mean forecasts up to 42 days, encompassing five upper-air atmospheric variables at 13 pressure levels and 11 surface variables.

Harmonizing existing climate change mitigation policy datasets with a hybrid machine learning approach.

With the rapid proliferation of climate policies in both number and scope, there is an increasing demand for a global-level dataset that provides multi-indicator information on policy elements and their implementation contexts. To address this need, we developed the Global Climate Change Mitigation Policy Dataset (GCCMPD) using a semisupervised hybrid machine learning approach, drawing upon policy information from global, regional, and sector-specific sources. Differing from existing climate policy datasets, the GCCMPD covers a large range of policies, amounting to 73,625 policies of 216 entities.

Modeled small airways lung deposition of two fixed-dose triple therapy combinations assessed with in silico functional respiratory imaging.

Background: Small airways disease plays a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is a major cause of obstruction; therefore, it is a critical pharmacotherapy target. This study evaluated lung deposition of two inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist single-inhaler triple therapies using in silico functional respiratory imaging (FRI). Deposition was assessed using real-world inhalation profiles simulating everyday use where optimal inhalation may be compromised.

Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction of (Fe,Ni)OOH via Defect Engineering for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Under Industrial Conditions.

Developing non-precious catalysts with long-term catalytic durability and structural stability under industrial conditions is the key to practical alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis. Here, an energy-saving approach is proposed to synthesize defect-rich iron nickel oxyhydroxide for stability and efficiency toward the oxygen evolution reaction. Benefiting from in situ cation exchange, the nanosheet-nanoflake-structured catalyst is homogeneously embedded in, and tightly bonded to, its substrate, making it ultrastable at high current densities.

Hierarchical Interconnected NiMoN with Large Specific Surface Area and High Mechanical Strength for Efficient and Stable Alkaline Water/Seawater Hydrogen Evolution.

NiMo-based nanostructures are among the most active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts under an alkaline environment due to their strong water dissociation ability. However, these nanostructures are vulnerable to the destructive effects of H production, especially at industry-standard current densities. Therefore, developing a strategy to improve their mechanical strength while maintaining or even further increasing the activity of these nanocatalysts is of great interest to both the research and industrial communities.

Effects of High-Glucose Environment on Periodontal Ligament Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis via NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

The purpose of this study was to discuss the function of the high-glucose environment on the periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) proliferation and apoptosis and the action mechanism of the NF-κB signaling pathway in this process. For this purpose, the human PDLCs were cultured in vitro using 5.5 mM (control group)/24.

Diverse changes in shipping emissions around the Western Pacific ports under the coeffect of the epidemic and fuel oil policy.

The Western Pacific Ocean (the WPO), as one of the busiest shipping areas in the world, holds a complex water traffic network. In 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) low-sulfur fuel regulations were implemented globally, while the COVID-19 outbreak influenced shipping activities together. This study aimed to assess the combined impact of epidemics and low-sulfur fuel policies on ship emissions, as well as their environmental effects on the WPO.

Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Mild Microwave-Enhanced Thermal, Antioxidative, and Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is usually associated with excessive proliferation of M1-type proinflammatory macrophages, resulting in severe hypoxia and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the joint cavity. Inhibiting M1-type proinflammatory macrophages and/or repolarizing them into M2 phenotype anti-inflammatory cells by alleviating hypoxia and scavenging ROS could be a promising strategy for RA treatment. In this work, a microwave-sensitive metal-organic framework of UiO-66-NH is constructed for coating a nanoenzyme of cerium oxide (CeO) and loading with the drug celastrol (Cel) to give UiO-66-NH/CeO/Cel, which is ultimately wrapped with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form a nanocomposite UiO-66-NH/CeO/Cel@HA (UCCH).

The unbalanced trade-off between pollution exposure and energy consumption induced by averting behaviors.

Behavioral responses to environmental risks create gains and losses. We use high-frequency datasets to elucidate such behavior responses against air pollution and find a "double-peaked" time pattern in reducing outdoor exposure and in increasing electricity consumption. Despite that one standard deviation increase in the Air Quality Index induces 2% less outdoor population and 6% more household electricity consumption at peak, most responses fail to match with the intra-day pollution peaks, implying ineffective exposure avoidance.

Machine learning based regional epidemic transmission risks precaution in digital society.

The contact and interaction of human is considered to be one of the important factors affecting the epidemic transmission, and it is critical to model the heterogeneity of individual activities in epidemiological risk assessment. In digital society, massive data makes it possible to implement this idea on large scale. Here, we use the mobile phone signaling to track the users' trajectories and construct contact network to describe the topology of daily contact between individuals dynamically.

[Pollution Characteristics of Microplastics in Sediments of Xiamen Bay Beach].

Microplastics widely exist in various environmental media and have become a global environmental problem. To investigate the pollution characteristics, deposition patterns, and influencing factors of microplastics in the sediments of bay beach, five typical beaches were selected in Xiamen Bay. According to the tidal variation, 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm sediment column samples were collected in layers at the high tide line, middle tide line, and low tide line at the same time, and the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distribution of microplastics in the beach sediments were studied.

Occurrence, vertical distribution and transport of organic amine pesticides in the seawater from the East China Sea and the South China Sea.

Organic amine pesticides (OAPs) are widely used as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides in agricultural production. China is a large agricultural country, and the sprayed pesticides may impact the fragile marine environment through surface runoff. This study revealed the pollution characteristics of thirty-three OAPs in the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS) and investigated their vertical variations in water columns.

Identification and Validation of Three-Gene Signature in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Integrated Transcriptome and Methylation Analysis.

Since DNA methylation (DNAm) is associated with the carcinogenesis of various cancers, this study aimed to explore potential DNAm prognostic signatures of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). First, transcriptomic and methylation profiles of LUSC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). DNAm-related genes were screened by integrating DNAm and transcriptome profiles via MethylMix package.

A Nonlinear Magnetoelastic Energy Model and Its Application in Domain Wall Velocity Prediction.

In this letter, we propose a nonlinear Magnetoelastic Energy (ME) with a material parameter related to electron interactions. An attenuating term is contained in the formula of the proposed nonlinear ME, which can predict the variation in the anisotropic magneto-crystalline constants induced by external stress more accurately than the classical linear ME. The domain wall velocity under stress and magnetic field can be predicted accurately based on the nonlinear ME.

Hyperamylasemia Caused by the Hantaan Virus: A Retrospective Study of 101 Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in West China.

Background: Hyperamylasemia (HA) is an inconspicuous manifestation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Baoji city, West China. Hantaan virus (HTNV) is the only pathogen-caused HFRS in this region, but the knowledge about HA in the local HFRS patients has been limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of HA and its predictive risk factors for doctors to engage in timely monitoring and dealing with the possible serious changes prewarned by HA in the early stages of the disease to improve the final outcome.