Extraction mechanism and bio-activities of capsaicinoids from lantern peppers placenta using deep eutectic solvents.

This study proposed ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) for the extraction of capsaicinoids (CAP) from the placenta of lantern peppers. The DES of choline chloride-citric acid (ChCl-CA), with the highest CAP yield (8.25 mg/g) was screened.

Camel milk products beyond yoghurt and fresh milk: challenges, processing and applications.

Camel ( and () are commonly domesticated in the arid and semi-arid regions because they are well adapted to live in harsh climatic conditions. Camel milk is widely consumed in these regions due to its high nutritional value and medicinal properties. It is rich in protein, minerals and vitamins.

Isolation, characterization and HepG-2 inhibition of a novel proteoglycan from Flammulina velutipes.

Flammulina velutipes has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and many bioactive properties with high contents of carbohydrate, proteins and fibers. In this study, a novel proteoglycan with polysaccharide complexes and protein chain, named PGD1-1, was isolated from F. velutipes.

Isolation, purification and identification of immunologically active peptides from Hericium erinaceus.

Biologically active peptides released by proteins are important in regulating immunity. The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify an immunologically active peptide from Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus) and to explore its effect on cytokine secretion and differentiation of macrophages.

Effect of bound water on the quality of dried Lentinus edodes during storage.

Background: Water absorption is the dominant factor affecting the quality deterioration of dried Lentinus edodes. We therefore analyzed the effect of moisture content and dynamic water status on physical properties of the mushroom stored at water activity (a ), 0.33, 0.

Nanocomposite packaging regulates extracellular ATP and programed cell death in edible mushroom (Flammulina velutipes).

Our previous study indicated that nanocomposite packaging material (Nano-PM) containing nano-Ag, nano-TiO, nano-SiO and nanoattapulgite alleviated postharvest senescence of Flammulina velutipes by regulating respiration and energy metabolism. In this study, extracellular ATP (eATP) and programmed cell death (PCD) were employed as critical factors to further investigate the senescence mechanism of postharvest F. velutipes.

Exogenous bacterial composition changes dominate flavor deterioration of dried carrots during storage.

Flavor deterioration is a serious problem in dried carrots during storage and is frequently accompanied by water absorption and bacterial growth. To explore the underlying mechanism of flavor deterioration, relationship among water status, exogenous bacterial composition and flavor changes in dried carrots were analyzed at different water activities (a, 0.43, 0.

Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Reveal the Mechanism of Methyl Jasmonate in Delaying the Deterioration of .

Conquering rapid postripeness and deterioration of is quite challenging. We previously observed that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) pretreatment postponed the deterioration of , but the mechanism is unknown. Here, a nontargeted metabolomics analysis by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) revealed that MeJA increased the synthesis of malate by inhibiting the decomposition of fumarate and -aconitate.

Mass transfer characteristics during ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration of button mushroom ().

Button mushroom () slices were dehydrated using ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration (UOD), and three osmotic agents including sucrose, glucose and sodium chloride were investigated for their effects on the mass transfer characteristics, average density and microstructure. Different mathematical models were selected to describe the osmotic behaviours, and the effective moisture ( ) as well as solid diffusivities ( ) during UOD were also calculated. The results showed that, during UOD, button mushrooms had the highest values in the sodium chloride solutions, and they had the highest values in the glucose solutions, which indicated that faster moisture and solid transfers could occur in these two osmotic solutions, respectively.

Variation of volatile terpenes in the edible fungi mycelia Flammulina velutipes and communications in fungus-mite interactions.

Many mites rely on fungi for nutrients, and fungi benefit from them with regard to spore dispersal, or nutrient resources. The interactions among mites and fungi are still not clear in most cases. This study analyzed volatile natural products from the liquid and solid cultures of the edible fungi, Flammulina velutipes (Fr.

Effect of nanocomposite packaging on postharvest senescence of Flammulina velutipes.

A polyethylene based packaging material containing nano-Ag, nano-TiO, nano-SiO, and attapulgite has been prepared. The effect of nanocomposite packaging material (Nano-PM) on the senescence of Flammulina velutipes during 15 days of postharvest storage at 4 °C and a relative humidity of 90% were analyzed. The results showed that compared with normal packaging material (Normal-PM) and no packaging (No-PM), Nano-PM improved the appearance quality, reduced weight loss and cap opening.

Separation and speciation analysis of zinc from Flammulina velutipes.

Orthogonal experiment was applied to optimize the water extraction parameters of zinc from Flammulina velutipes, and then the extracts were separated by membrane filter (0.45 μm) and D101 macroporous resin. Six different species of Zn were obtained and the Zn content of various species were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

Effect of hot air drying on volatile compounds of Flammulina velutipes detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS and electronic nose.

Volatile compounds are important factors that affect the flavor quality of Flammulina velutipes, but the changes occurring during hot air drying is still unclear. To clarify the dynamic changes of flavor components during hot air drying, comprehensive flavor characterization and volatile compounds of F. velutipes were evaluated using electronic nose technology and headspace solid phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), respectively.

Regulation of human cytokines by Cordyceps militaris.

Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) exhibits many biological activities including antioxidant, inhibition of inflammation, cancer prevention, hypoglycemic, and antiaging properties, etc. However, a majority of studies involving C. militaris have focused only on in vitro and animal models, and there is a lack of direct translation and application of study results to clinical practice (e.

Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii residue.

A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue was isolated and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography to yield PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3. Molecular weights were determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of monosaccharide composition confirmed that PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3 were heteropolysaccharides and mainly composed of glucose.

Changes in non-volatile taste components of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) during different stages of freeze drying and freeze drying combined with microwave vacuum drying.

Button mushroom slices were dehydrated using freeze drying (FD) or FD combined with microwave vacuum drying (FMVD), and the non-volatile component profiles were studied. The results showed that the level of non-volatile components in button mushroom firstly increased during sublimation of FD/FMVD process and then fell during desorption in FD process and MVD in FMVD process. Compared to FD products, the contents of soluble sugars and polyols in FMVD products were relatively low, whereas the contents of total free amino acids were significantly higher, close to the level of fresh mushroom.

Antiproliferative and immunostimulatory activity of a protein from Pleurotus eryngii.

Background: Currently, the use of mushrooms as functional foods, nutraceuticals or phytopharmaceuticals source has risen. In contrast, the possible cellular cytotoxicity and immunostimulatory activity of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.

Immunopotentiation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel has been collected from the wild, cultivated and used in traditional medicines to treat various disorders and diseases since antiquity.

Concentrations and health risks of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in rice and edible mushrooms in China.

In this study, four common heavy metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in rice and edible mushrooms of China were studied to evaluate contamination level and edible safety. Ninety two (92) rice samples were collected from the main rice growing regions in China, and 38 fresh and 21 dry edible mushroom samples were collected from typical markets in Nanjing City. The analyzed metal concentrations were significantly different between rice and edible mushroom samples (p<0.