Anthropogenic climate change has influenced global river flow seasonality.

Riverine ecosystems have adapted to natural discharge variations across seasons. However, evidence suggesting that climate change has already impacted magnitudes of river flow seasonality is limited to local studies, mainly focusing on changes of mean or extreme flows. This study introduces the use of apportionment entropy as a robust measure to assess flow-volume nonuniformity across seasons, enabling a global analysis.

Impacts of large-scale climatic circulation on floods through precipitation and temperature in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin.

The importance of large-scale climatic circulation impacts on precipitation and floods in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) has been widely acknowledged. However, the mechanisms related to the impacts of circulation on floods are not yet fully understood. To address this issue, circulations were characterized by using the climate indices, and floods were represented by the flood volume and simulated using an improved hydrological-hydrodynamic model.

Exosomal miR-192-5p secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and targets PPP2R3A.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BSMC)-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs) have a pivotal therapeutic potential in hepatic fibrosis (HF). Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the key mechanism in HF progression. Downregulation of miR-192-5p was previously observed in activated HSCs.

Expression patterns of serum MicroRNAs related to endothelial dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Background: Increasing evidence has shown that elevated Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are positively correlated with atherosclerosis (ATH) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Some researchers found that the dysfunction of Endothelial Cells (ECs) in SCH plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ATH in SCH, but the association remains controversial.

Objectives: To determine the expression profiles of serum microRNAs critical to the function of Endothelial cells (ECs) may help reanalyze the possible mechanism underlying ATH in SCH and the association between ATH and SCH.

Piperlongumine synergistically enhances the antitumour activity of sorafenib by mediating ROS-AMPK activation and targeting CPSF7 in liver cancer.

Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, is the first-line agent for advanced liver cancer. Sorafenib strongly inhibits both cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis. However, the development of drug resistance hampers its anticancer efficacy.

Large net forest loss in Cambodia's Tonle Sap Lake protected areas during 1992-2019.

Historical land-use practices have caused forest loss in Cambodia's Tonle Sap Lake area (TSLA), the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. However, it remains unclear if this deforestation trend had continued since 2001 when the land was designated as protected areas. Using satellite imagery, we investigated forest conversion flows and fragmentation patterns in the TSLA for 1992-2001, 2001-2010, and 2010-2019, respectively.

Inhibition of p38 MAPK increases the sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil-resistant SW480 human colon cancer cells to noscapine.

A major cause of treatment failure in advanced colon cancer is resistance to chemotherapy. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been associated with cellular apoptosis and plays an important role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. In the present study the effect of p38 MAPK on the sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant SW480 (SW480/5-FU) human colon cancer cells to noscapine was investigated.

Trans-anethole attenuates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through suppressing TGF-β-mediated fibrosis.

Background: Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe type of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and one of the most common chronic liver diseases, leading to the increased risk of liver failure, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Trans-anethole was reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities. However, its role in NASH remains unknown.

Loss of organic carbon in suburban soil upon urbanization of Chengdu megacity, China.

Urbanization is progressing rapidly. It can affect soils ecosystem services directly through land management and indirectly through changes in the socioeconomic environment, which eventually leads to an increase in emissions of greenhouse gases. Soil carbon (C) sequestration plays an important role in offsetting the anthropogenic C emissions.

Intercomparison of ten ISI-MIP models in simulating discharges along the Lancang-Mekong River basin.

Water resources are of strategic importance for socioeconomic development. Many hydrological models (HMs) and land surface models (LSMs) have been developed for water resources assessment. However, systematic evaluation of discharge simulation from multiple models is still lacking in the Lancang-Mekong River basin.

Synthesis, binding, and functional properties of tetrahydroisoquinolino-2-alkyl phenones as selective σR/TMEM97 ligands.

Sigma-2 receptor (σR/TMEM97) has been implicated to play important roles in multiple cellular dysfunctions, such as cell neoplastic proliferation, neuro-inflammation, neurodegeneration, etc. Selective σ ligands are believed to be promising pharmacological tools to regulate or diagnose various disorders. As an ongoing effort of discovery of new and selective σ ligands, we have synthesized a series of tetrahydroisoquinolino-2-alkyl phenone analogs and identified that 10 of them have moderate to potent affinity and selectivity for σR/TMEM97.

Sigma ligands as potent inhibitors of Aβ and AβOs in neurons and promising therapeutic agents of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease and characterized by dementia, memory decline, loss of learning and cognitive disorder. The main pathological features of AD are the deposition of amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. The current anti-AD drugs have shown unsatisfactory therapeutic results.

MiR-331-3p Links to Drug Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Activating WNT/β-Catenin Signal via ST7L.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis, short survival rate, and high mortality. Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in the disease. MiR-331-3p has been reported to play an important role in several cancers.

Sigma-2 Receptor as a Potential Drug Target.

Sigma-2 receptor plays key roles in promoting tumor cell apoptosis, enhancing efficacy of anti-tumor drugs, blocking signal transduction controlled by Aβ oligomers, regulating Ca homeostasis and protecting nerve cells. Studies indicated that sigma-2 receptor may be closely coupled with ROS, LDL, mTOR, RAS, PLC/PKC, lysosomal autophagy and mitochondrial super oxidative stress. In addition, the high expression of this receptor in proliferating cells and nerve cells indicates that sigma-2 receptor is an ideal molecular target for imaging and therapeutic development for cancer, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and traumatic brain injury.

Noscapine Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial Damage and Warburg Effect via PTEN/PI3K/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Background: Noscapine is an opium alkaloid that has recently been shown to potentiate anti-cancer therapeutic effects by inducing apoptosis in various malignant cells without any detectable toxicity. However, the mechanism by which noscapine induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we explored the anti-cancer activity of noscapine in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant human colon cancer cell lines HT29/5-FU and LoVo/5-FU and investigated the possible underlying mechanism.

Rising future tropical cyclone-induced extreme winds in the Mekong River Basin.

The societal impact of extreme winds induced by tropical cyclones (TCs) is a major concern in the Mekong River Basin (MRB). Though no clear trend of landfalling TC intensity along the Vietnam coastline has been observed since the 1970s, climate models project an increasing TC intensity in the 21st century over the Western North Pacific, which is the primary TC source region influencing the MRB. Yet, how future TC activities will affect extreme winds quantitatively in the MRB remains unclear.

Climate-driven variation in mosquito density predicts the spatiotemporal dynamics of dengue.

Dengue is a climate-sensitive mosquito-borne disease with increasing geographic extent and human incidence. Although the climate-epidemic association and outbreak risks have been assessed using both statistical and mathematical models, local mosquito population dynamics have not been incorporated in a unified predictive framework. Here, we use mosquito surveillance data from 2005 to 2015 in China to integrate a generalized additive model of mosquito dynamics with a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) compartmental model of viral transmission to establish a predictive model linking climate and seasonal dengue risk.

Silencing of cadherin-17 enhances apoptosis and inhibits autophagy in colorectal cancer cells.

Cadherin-17 (CDH17), a structurally unique member of the non-classical cadherin family, is associated with poor survival, cell proliferation, and metastasis in colorectal cancer. However, the role of CDH17 in the apoptosis and autophagy of colorectal cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of CDH17 knockdown on autophagy and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.

[Knock-down of cadherin 17 inhibits proliferation and promote apoptosis in noscapine-resistant human SW480 colon cancer cells].

Objective To investigate the effects of cadherin 17 (CDH17) on the proliferation and apoptosis of noscapine-resistant human SW480 colon cancer cells. Methods The level of CDH17 in noscapine-resistant human SW480 colon cancer cells was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the silence was confirmed by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR. Transfected SW480 cells were treated with noscapine, and then the proliferation and cell viability of SW480 cells were measured by MTT assay and plate clone formation assay, respectively; the apoptosis of SW480 cells was detected by flow cytometry combined with annexinV-FITC/PI staining; the expressions of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting.

Bufexamac ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by targeting LTA4H.

Neutrophils play an important role in the occurrence and development of acute lung injury (ALI). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a hydrolysis product of epoxide leukotriene A4 (LTA4) catalyzed by LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H), is one of the most potent chemoattractants for neutrophil. Bufexamac is a drug widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent on the skin, however, the mechanism of action is still not fully understood.

Drought dominates the interannual variability in global terrestrial net primary production by controlling semi-arid ecosystems.

Drought is a main driver of interannual variation in global terrestrial net primary production. However, how and to what extent drought impacts global NPP variability is unclear. Based on the multi-timescale drought index SPEI and a satellite-based annual global terrestrial NPP dataset, we observed a robust relationship between drought and NPP in both hemispheres.

Influence of serum adiponectin level and SNP +45 polymorphism of adiponectin gene on myocardial fibrosis.

Adiponectin plays an important role in the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but very little was known about the influence of serum adiponectin or the adiponectin gene polymorphism on myocardial fibrosis. Our study investigates the influence of the SNP +45 polymorphism of the adiponectin gene and serum levels of adiponectin on myocardial fibrosis in patients with essential hypertension. A case-control study was conducted on 165 hypertensive patients and 126 normotensive healthy controls.

Effects of lifestyle intervention and meal replacement on glycaemic and body-weight control in Chinese subjects with impaired glucose regulation: a 1-year randomised controlled trial.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a lifestyle intervention programme, combined with a daily low-glycaemic index meal replacement, on body-weight and glycaemic control in subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Subjects with IGR were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n 46) and a control group (n 42). Both groups received health counselling at baseline.