Transcriptome and metabolome reveal the accumulation of secondary metabolites in different species of Dioscorea.

Background: The genus Dioscorea is traditional Chinese medicine producing a variety of pharmacological active substances especially saponins. In our study, the secondary metabolism of Dioscorea zingiberensis and D. opposita that have significantly different saponin contents were investigated.

AhASRK1, a peanut dual-specificity kinase that activates the Ca-ROS-MAPK signalling cascade to mediate programmed cell death induced by aluminium toxicity via ABA.

Aluminium (Al)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) is thought to be a main cause of Al phytotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism by which Al induces PCD in plants is unclear. In this study, we characterized the function of AhASRK1 (Aluminum Sensitive Receptor-like protein Kinase1), an Al-induced LRR-type receptor-like kinase gene.

[Preparation of Mixed Metal Oxide/Carbon Composites and Its Adsorption Performance for Pb(Ⅱ)].

Layered double hydroxides, which can be synthesized from metal ions and their analogs, have abundant interlayer ions, surface functional groups, and adsorption characteristics that have been extensively studied. But the adsorption-desorption process may cause secondary pollution of the environment. In this study, the layered double hydroxides that adsorbed Congo red were converted into mixed metal oxide/carbon composites by a calcining carbonization method, and its adsorption performance for heavy metal ions Pb(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution was studied in detail.

Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of RLKs involved in the response to aluminium stress in peanut.

Background: As an important cash crop, the yield of peanut is influenced by soil acidification and pathogen infection. Receptor-like protein kinases play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, little is known about the number, location, structure, molecular phylogeny, and expression of RLKs in peanut, and no comprehensive analysis of RLKs in the Al stress response in peanuts have been reported.

Transcriptome analysis reveals significant difference in gene expression and pathways between two peanut cultivars under Al stress.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important factor in limiting peanut growth on acidic soil. The molecular mechanisms underlying peanut responses to Al stress are largely unknown. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of the root tips (0-1 cm) of peanut cultivar ZH2 (Al-sensitive) and 99-1507 (Al-tolerant) respectively.

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of , an important traditional Chinese medicine plant.

is a leguminous plant with high root yield and starch content. It is also a medicinal material in the Chinese pharmacopeia. However, the raw materials of .

Remarkable active-site dependent HO promoting effect in CO oxidation.

The interfacial sites of supported metal catalysts are often critical in determining their performance. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), with every atom contacted to the support, can maximize the number of interfacial sites. However, it is still an open question whether the single-atom sites possess similar catalytic properties to those of the interfacial sites of nanocatalysts.

Mechanisms by which fibroblast growth factor 20 improves motor performance in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Genome-wide studies have reported that Parkinson's disease is associated with abnormal expression of various growth factors. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice aged 10 weeks were used to establish Parkinson's disease models using an intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. 28 days later, 10 or 100 ng fibroblast growth factor 20 was injected intracerebroventricularly.

Relationships among mutation status, expression of RAS pathway signaling molecules, and clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways all belong to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, Mutations in any one of the upstream genes (such as the gene or the gene) may be transmitted to the protein through transcription or translation, resulting in abnormal activation of the signaling pathway. This study investigated the relationship between the gene mutation and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), and the effect of mutations on its associated proteins in CRC, with an aim to clarify the cause of tumor progression and drug resistance caused by mutation of the gene.

Aim: To investigate the gene and RAS pathway signaling molecules in CRC and to analyze their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.

Non defect-stabilized thermally stable single-atom catalyst.

Surface-supported isolated atoms in single-atom catalysts (SACs) are usually stabilized by diverse defects. The fabrication of high-metal-loading and thermally stable SACs remains a formidable challenge due to the difficulty of creating high densities of underpinning stable defects. Here we report that isolated Pt atoms can be stabilized through a strong covalent metal-support interaction (CMSI) that is not associated with support defects, yielding a high-loading and thermally stable SAC by trapping either the already deposited Pt atoms or the PtO units vaporized from nanoparticles during high-temperature calcination.

Effect of Group Density on the Physiology and Aggressive Behavior of Male Brandt's Voles ().

Population density is well known to influence animal physiology and behavior. How population density affects the aggressive behavior of the Brandt's vole () is, however, little known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group density on physiologic responses and aggressive behavior of male Brandt's voles and their potential underlying neuro-mechanism.

[Effects and Mechanisms of In-situ Cement Solidification/Stabilization on a Pb-, Zn-, and Cd-Contaminated Site at Baiyin, China].

In order to evaluate the effects and mechanism of in-situ cement solidification/stabilization (S/S) on heavy metal contaminated soils, leaching tests, speciation analysis, and microscopic analysis were conducted after cement treatment of a Pb, Zn, and Cd contaminated site in Baiyin, China. The leaching test results showed that cement could effectively stabilize Cd and Zn, which could reduce 99.5%-100% and 96.

Nitric Oxide Inhibits Al-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Root Tips of Peanut ( L.) by Affecting Physiological Properties of Antioxidants Systems and Cell Wall.

It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) is a negative regulator of aluminum (Al)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in peanut root tips. However, the inhibiting mechanism of NO on Al-induced PCD is unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism by which NO inhibits Al-induced PCD, the effects of co-treatment Al with the exogenous NO donor or the NO-specific scavenger on peanut root tips, the physiological properties of antioxidants systems and cell wall (CW) in root tip cells of NO inhibiting Al-induced PCD were studied with two peanut cultivars.

DNA methylation assay for colorectal carcinoma.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Two pathogenic pathways are involved in the development of adenoma to CRC. The first pathway involves characterized by chromosomal instability resulting in the accumulation of mutations.

Effect of photoperiod and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) on the reproduction of male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii).

Plant secondary metabolite 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) has been suggested to stimulate animal reproduction. 6-MBOA is detected in Leymus chinensis, a main diet of Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii). We have previously reported a stimulatory effect of 6-MBOA on reproduction of male Brandt's voles under a short-day photoperiod.

Reproductive responses of male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) to 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) under short photoperiod.

The plant secondary metabolite 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) can stimulate and enhance animal reproduction. This compound has been successfully detected in Leymus chinensis, which is the main diet of Brandt's voles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different 6-MBOA doses on the reproductive physiology of male Brandt's voles under a short photoperiod.

Serum/plasma microRNAs as biomarkers for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in China.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small RNAs with a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression. These RNAs have been shown to participate in various cellular and physiological processes, including cellular development, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. Aberrant expression of several miRNAs was found to be involved in a large variety of neoplasms, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Aluminum induces rapidly mitochondria-dependent programmed cell death in Al-sensitive peanut root tips.

Background: Although many studies suggested that aluminum (Al) induced programmed cell death (PCD) in plants, the mechanism of Al-induced PCD and its effects in Al tolerance is limited. This study was to investigate the mechanism and type of Al induced PCD and the relationship between PCD and Al tolerance.

Results: In this study, two genotypes of peanut 99-1507 (Al tolerant) and ZH2 (Al sensitive) were used to investigate Al-induced PCD.

Aluminum-induced programmed cell death promoted by AhSAG, a senescence-associated gene in Arachis hypoganea L.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a foundational cellular process in plant development and elimination of damaged cells under environmental stresses. In this study, Al induced PCD in two peanut (Arachis hypoganea L.) cultivars Zhonghua 2 (Al-sensitive) and 99-1507 (Al-tolerant) using DNA ladder, TUNEL detection and electron microscopy.

One-step in situ fabrication of a granular semi-IPN hydrogel based on chitosan and gelatin for fast and efficient adsorption of Cu2+ ion.

The novel granular semi-IPN hydrogels were in situ prepared in an aqueous solution by the free-radical grafting and crosslinking reactions among chitosan (CTS), acrylic acid (AA), gelatin (GE) and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide. The FTIR spectra and elemental analysis confirmed that the AA monomers were grafted onto CTS backbone, and the GE macromolecular chains interpenetrated through the CTS-g-PAA network. The hydrogels are granular, which are composed of numerous micro-spheres according to the scanning electron microscope observations.

Preparation and characterization of magnetic alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads loaded matrine.

The aim of this study was to use alginate-chitosan (Alg-CS) hydrogel beads for developing an oral water-soluble drug delivery system, occupying pH-sensitive property and superparamagnetic. Matrine as a model drug was loaded in Alg-CS hydrogel beads to study the release character of the delivery system. The amount of matrine released from the beads was relatively low in pH 2.

Effect of surfactant on porosity and swelling behaviors of guar gum-g-poly(sodium acrylate-co-styrene)/attapulgite superabsorbent hydrogels.

Novel fast-swelling porous guar gum-g-poly(sodium acrylate-co-styrene)/attapulgite (GG-g-P(NaA-co-St)/APT) superabsorbent hydrogels were prepared by simultaneous free-radical graft copolymerization reaction of guar gum (GG), partially neutralized AA (NaA), styrene (St) and attapulgite (APT) using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution and the surfactant self-assembling templating pore-forming technique. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the surfactant could be removed from the final hydrogel product by methanol/water (8:1, v/v) washing process and the surfactant only act as micelle template to form pores. The effect of surfactant type on the porous microstructure of the hydrogel was assessed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).

Structurally designed synthesis of mechanically stable poly(benzoxazine-co-resol)-based porous carbon monoliths and their application as high-performance CO2 capture sorbents.

Porous carbon monoliths with defined multilength scale pore structures, a nitrogen-containing framework, and high mechanical strength were synthesized through a self-assembly of poly(benzoxazine-co-resol) and a carbonization process. Importantly, this synthesis can be easily scaled up to prepare carbon monoliths with identical pore structures. By controlling the reaction conditions, porous carbon monoliths exhibit fully interconnected macroporosity and mesoporosity with cubic Im3m symmetry and can withstand a press pressure of up to 15.