Lateral Spread Response in Hemifacial Spasm: Physiological Mechanisms, Intraoperative Utility, and Prognostic Significance.

Facial nerve compression by blood vessels near the brainstem can cause hemifacial spasm (HFS). There are two treatment options for this condition: botulinum toxin and surgical microvascular decompression (MVD). During microvascular decompression, the facial nerve is separated from the offending vessel, and intraoperative neuromonitoring in these patients demonstrates abnormal muscle response (AMR), which is known as the lateral spread response (LSR).

Knee functional outcomes and quadriceps hypotrophy after ACL reconstruction: a prospective observational study.

Background: ACL injuries are common among athletes and individuals experiencing trauma, leading to instability and functional impairments. Post-ACL reconstruction, patients often face challenges like pain and reduced knee function, impacting their daily lives and sports participation. The aim of this study was to describe knee functional outcomes of patients with ACL tears over three months through three subsequent visits.

Impact of artificial colored lights on performance in working memory task.

The contemporary lifestyle obligates exposure to artificially illuminated environments often with a variation in spectral composition of light. The wavelength of light, perceived as the color, differentially stimulates the short, medium, and long wavelength cones. Through the non-image-forming pathways, light possibly affects cognitive functions including working memory.

Autonomic arousal to emojis: Electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis.

Emojis have become vital in virtual communication, mimicking facial expressions, and gestures to convey emotions. This study investigates their influence on emotional perception and autonomic responses during non-face-to-face interactions. Hundred healthy participants (50 men, 50 women) aged 18-40 years were recruited.

CFD simulation of turbulent mass transfer of HS and O in a stirring tank.

This study explores the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of oxygen (O) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) mass transfer in a highly turbulent stirring tank. Using the open-source software OpenFOAM, we extended three-dimensional two-phase flow solvers with a rotating mesh feature to model the mass transfer processes between the water and air phases. The accuracy of these simulations was validated against experimental data, demonstrating a strong agreement in the mass transfer rates of HS and O.

Citrus Odour Produces Resilient Response to Cognitive Load and Enhances Performance in the N-Back Task.

Background: Olfactory pathway and limbic system demonstrate a close nexus, which paves common ground for investigating the effects of smell on emotions, cognitive load and autonomic functions. Notably, olfactory stimulation during the administration of cognitive load may interfere with the performance.

Purpose: The study is planned to investigate the effect of citrus inhalation on cognitive performance, through psychophysiological assessments.

Unveiling the scented spectrum: a mini review of objective olfactory assessment and event-related potentials.

Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the current state of research and technology related to objective olfactory assessment, highlighting the merits and demerits of the techniques. It aims to specifically explore olfactory event-related potentials, discussing their potential applications, benefits, drawbacks, and prospects in the field.

Methods: A five-month narrative review examined English-language articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, critically summarising titles, abstracts, and full texts, while excluding non-English and methodologically weak studies.

Roger Guillemin: A Century of Life, A Legacy of Endocrine Discoveries.

Dr. Roger Guillemin was a French physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1977. His pioneering research and fierce competition led to the isolation and identification of hypothalamic hormones, including thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF), luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF), and somatostatin.

Attentional Differences Between Males and Females for Emojis During the Emotional Stroop Task.

Introduction Cognitive load can be intensified by emotional components such as emotive words or facial expressions. Sex differences influence both emotional and cognitive functions for emotional facial expressions. Emojis, in contrast to human faces, serve as digital cues conveying emotional nuances in communication.

Font Matters: Deciphering the Impact of Font Types on Attention and Working Memory.

Introduction Various types of fonts such as serif, sans serif, and script are used during writing and reading, which can affect the reader's attention and working memory, though there is only a subtle difference at the end of the letter. The study aimed to see the effect of font type on working memory and attention. Methods The study included healthy male adults between 18 and 40 years of age.

Attentional Correlates of Colored Lights: Considerations for Cognitive Testing.

Attention, an important index of cognitive function, can be affected amidst colored lights. This work investigated the effects of colored lights on the performance in attention task. Participants (N = 42) performed in one, two, and three letter cancellation task (LCT) during four lighting conditions.

Use of Multimodality Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Tethered Cord Syndrome - Experience from a Tertiary Care Center.

Detethering of the spinal cord is done in nearly all cases of tethered cord syndrome (TCS), which can damage nerve roots, and hence, there is a need to identify filum terminale during surgery. Multimodality intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) may be useful in this regard to prevent postoperative morbidity. Twenty-six patients (13 males and 13 females, age range: one year to 56 years) with TCS were recruited for the study.

Assessment of the use and Safety of Protection Box for Intubation and Extubation Among Anaesthesiologists During COVID-19 Pandemic- A Cross-sectional Survey.

Introduction: Covid 19 epidemic has affected the people making them undergo emergency procedures requiring intubation. A protective box was innovated at our tertiary care centre to safeguard the HCW during intubation and/or extubation and the study was planned to assess its use and safety among the anaesthesiologists.

Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire base survey was done among anaesthesiologists in various strata of residency.

Autonomic Correlates of Letter Cancelation Task: What the Attention Load May Evoke?

Objective: Attention can be assessed through Letter cancelation tasks (LCT) that employ visuospatial selection and appropriate motor responses. We examined the performance in the LCT with increasing attention load, and determined the related autonomic changes.

Methods: Autonomic parameters were estimated in healthy males at baseline and during three different cognitive load conditions using the LCT.

Future Solutions for Voice Rehabilitation in Laryngectomees: A Review of Technologies Based on Electrophysiological Signals.

Loss of voice is a serious concern for a laryngectomee which should be addressed prior to planning the procedure. Voice rehabilitation options must be educated before the surgery. Even though many devices have been in use, each device has got its limitations.

Critical Self-Appraisal Towards the Better Use of a Webinar Series as an Online Tool for Postgraduate Teaching.

Introduction: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic adversely affected the conventional teaching mode, resulting in an exponential rise in online modalities such as webinars. Simultaneously, the lockdown provided substantial time to pursue potential academic content on the web. It is known that newly admitted postgraduate students of Physiology require a structured program that can guide them to conduct research for the completion of the course.

Olfactory training for olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: A promising mitigation amidst looming neurocognitive sequelae of the pandemic.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a recognized symptom of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is independently associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, the central nervous system manifestations in patients infected with the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) have demonstrated cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Hence, OD in COVID-19 necessitates perusal of its mechanism and available treatment options to avert possible development of neurocognitive sequelae of the pandemic.

Relative contributions of radiation and cisplatin-based chemotherapy to sensorineural hearing loss in head-and-neck cancer patients.

Background: One of the debilitating complications of head and neck cancer radiotherapy is hearing loss.

Objective: To quantify the magnitude of sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) in the head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation therapy.

Design And Methods: This is a prospective study.

Correlation of tumour and treatment characteristics to dose received by cochlea in volumetric arc therapy.

Purpose: This is a radiation field simulation study using CT images designed to see the cochlear dosimetry and its correlation with tumour and treatment characteristics during radiotherapy for head and neck cancers (HNC) for identifying the factors associated with a higher dose delivered to the cochlea.

Methods: From 2018 to 2020, 80 patients with HNC underwent volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) to a dose of 66-70 Gy at 2 Gy per fraction with bilateral cochlea contoured for VMAT optimization as an organ at risk. Minimum, mean and maximum planned radiation dose to the cochlea based on tumour and treatment characteristics and dose-volume histogram variables of VMAT plans were analysed.

A low-cost solution for converting existing stethoscope into tele-stethoscope in resource-constrained setting for COVID-19 pandemic.

In the present scenario of COVID-19, there has been a sudden surge in demand for tele- consultancy. Such measures require resources to support the system. Replacement of conventional equipment used in a clinic with digital equipment is not feasible due to their cost and scalability issues.

Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Experience.

Social distancing to curb the COVID-19 pandemic has caused suspension of classroom teaching in all educational institutions. We implemented a novel online classroom platform at our institute to continue medical education. The program attracted encouraging feedback from the students.

Performance Differences in Hindi and English Speaking Bilinguals on Stroop Task.

Previous studies have found that bilinguals differ in their response times on the bilingual version of Stroop Task. Automaticity and control and Language proficiency have emerged as important factors that lead to differences in the response time. This study aimed to understand Stroop Effect in Hindi-English bilinguals on the computerized version of Hindi and English language Stroop task.

Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at High Risk for Foot Ulcers.

Aim: To study the prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus at high risk for foot ulcers.

Materials And Methods: We screened patients attending diabetic clinic for identifying patients at high risk for foot ulcers. Those with foot risk category 1, 2 and 3 as per criteria of Foot Care Interest Group were subjected to battery of cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests.