Breaking New Ground: Novel Intralesional Amphotericin B for Mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis, a severe fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly affects immunocompromised individuals. Standard treatments involving debridement and systemic antifungals often encounter resistance, especially in cutaneous forms due to systemic toxicity and poor tissue penetration of Amphotericin B. This case series investigates the effectiveness of intralesional Amphotericin B for targeted delivery with minimal systemic side effects.

Invasive Pituitary Macroprolactinoma with Spontaneous CSF Rhinorrhea- A Case Report with a Review of the Literature and a Strategical Plan of Management.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a rare and unexpected initial presentation of untreated invasive pituitary macroprolactinoma. This article aims to better understand the management of invasive pituitary macroprolactinoma, especially in cases where the patient initially presents with a CSF leak. We describe a case of a 36-year-old male with untreated invasive macroprolactinoma with a CSF leak at the initial presentation.

Correction: Hyperglycemia and steroid use increase the risk of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization: Case-control study, India.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Intraparotid Facial Nerve Schwannoma Masquerading as Complicated Otitis Media: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Facial nerve schwannomas occurring within the parotid gland represent a rare tumor occurrence. Schwannomas, which are tumors arising from the nerve sheath, constitute approximately 20-40% of all schwannomas and are frequently found in the head and neck regions. However, intraparotid facial nerve schwannomas, particularly those involving the deep lobe of the parotid, are uncommon.

Clinico-radiological predictors of facial palsy incidence after transcanal cochlear implantation: an ambispective multicenter study.

Objective: To assess the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of facial palsy following cochlear implantation using the transcanal technique, incorporating radiological predictors.

Methods: An ambispective observational study involving 978 patients who underwent cochlear implantation via the transcanal technique at three tertiary academic referral center from January 2014 to December 2024. Radiological parameters measured on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans included facial nerve annulus distance (FAD), facial nerve-round window distance (FNRWD), facial recess width (FRW), alpha angle, and beta angle.

Cochlear Duct Length: Rethinking Its Role in Auditory Outcomes.

Objective: To assess the relation between cochlear duct length (CDL) and audiological outcome after cochlear implant surgery in prelingually deafened children.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 36 prelingually deaf children underwent cochlear implantation at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur. Preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and high-resolution T2 weighted sequences magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of temporal bones were used to calculate CDL.

Cholesteatoma aggressiveness in paediatric vs. adult patients: a comparative analysis of molecular markers with MERI and EAONO/JS staging.

Purpose: Cholesteatoma is characterized by the abnormal growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear. Although both pediatric and adult populations are affected, differences in the molecular mechanisms underlying cholesteatoma between these age groups are not fully understood. miRNA-21 and IL-6 have been implicated in various inflammatory and proliferative processes, and their roles in cholesteatoma pathogenesis among different age groups warrant detailed investigation.

Endoscopic Craniofacial Resection, an Emerging Epitome of Anterior Skull Base Tumor Resection.

Anterior skull base (ASB) malignancies have conventionally been treated with craniofacial resection (CFR), yet this approach is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Recent advancements in endoscopic surgical techniques offer a promising alternative. This study aims to evaluate the morbidity, mortality, recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates of open CFR versus endoscopic CFR for ASB malignancies.

Electromechanical Reshaping of Face, Neck and Auricular Cartilages: A Scoping Review.

Electromechanical Reshaping (EMR) has emerged as a novel modality to reshape the cartilage of face and neck in a minimally invasive manner. This scoping review focusses on assessing the efficacy and potential of EMR in clinical utility. Studies were collected and analyzed by two authors.

Petrous Bone Cholesteatoma- A Comprehensive Management Algorithm and Outcomes.

Unlabelled: Background: Petrous bone cholesteatoma (PBC) is a challenging condition involving the development of an epidermoid cyst within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Advances in radiological imaging and skull base surgery have refined the management of PBC. Methods: An ambispective descriptive study was conducted on patients diagnosed with PBC between 2021 and 2024.

Pioneering Clinical Investigation: Beta Defensin Expression in Patients of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity as a Forward-Looking Validation for Molecular Treatment.

Human defensins are peptides coded by certain genes released as a part of immune response that act differently to tumorigenic cells according to the class. A varied cellular response has been documented in the world literature concerning the role of defensins in the cancer cell lines, though the exact role in the internal human milieu and the role specific to head and neck cancers is still understudied. This study explores the possible role of Human Beta Defensin (HBD) 1 and 3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in disease progression and their potential as biomarkers/prognostic markers.

Odd Ball Paradigms of Rhino Facial Swellings: A Diagnostic Dilemma of Primary Subcutaneous Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas.

Almost 14% of all head and neck malignancies are contributed by Lymphomas which are solid tumours of the immune system. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders originating in B-, T-, or natural killer T-cells with wide range of histological and clinical features, which can make diagnosis difficult. A 58-year-old male patient presented with a two-month history of swelling in the left cheek which was gradually progressing.

Long-term Prospective Comparative Analysis of Ototoxic and Survival Outcomes of Sequential Boost and Simultaneous Integrated Boost of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Head-Neck Carcinomas.

Objective: To compare the ototoxicity and survival in head and neck carcinoma patients treated with sequential (SEQ) and simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

Methods: This long-term prospective study enrolled patients with histologically confirmed head and neck carcinoma, all receiving VMAT treatment. Audiological assessments were done using various tests at baseline, two weeks, treatment completion, six months, and 12 months.

Outcome of Preoperative Oral Steroids on Patients With Sinonasal Polyposis.

Background And Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative oral prednisolone improves the intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes over a 3-month period in patients of sinonasal polyposis who undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods: In a triple-blind, randomized controlled study, 43 patients diagnosed with sinonasal polyposis in the Department of ENT, AIIMS, Jodhpur, were enrolled. After obtaining institutional ethics clearance and registering the clinical trial, randomization was conducted to assign participants into experimental and control groups.

Scala vestibuli cochlear implantation: exploring feasibility and outcomes- a systematic review.

Purpose: While the scala tympani (ST) is usually the preferred site for electrode insertion in cochlear implantation, anatomical variations and cochlear ossification may require scala vestibuli (SV) insertion. This systematic review evaluates the feasibility, techniques, and clinical outcomes of SV insertions compared to ST insertions, focusing on their impact on auditory performance.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines.

Functional Rehabilitation - an Integral Component for Quality of Life in the Holistic Management of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis.

To evaluate the quality of life in the post maxillectomy patients due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated Mucormycosis (CAM) following rehabilitation with obturators. The study also described the management and treatment outcomes of CAM patients. The study included 80 confirmed patients of CAM.

Comparison of long-term speech and impedance outcome of cochlear implantation in prelingual deaf paediatric patients between cochleostomy and round window insertion.

Objectives: To compare long-term impedance and functional outcomes between the round window and cochleostomy approaches in cochlear implantation patients.

Methods: Ninety prelingually deafened children who underwent unilateral cochlear implantation participated in this prospective observational study. Participants were divided into round window and cochleostomy groups.

Unveiling the Aggressiveness of Cholesteatoma: Associating MERI with miRNA-21 & IL-6 Expression.

Background: Cholesteatoma, a destructive middle ear condition, poses challenges due to its variable clinical presentation and propensity for recurrence. Understanding its molecular underpinnings could enhance prognostication and guide therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the association between cholesteatoma aggressiveness, as assessed by the Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI), and the expression of miRNA-21 and IL-6 genes.

Dependability and Prognostic Value of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito- Cerebral Mucormycosis- A Long Term Ambispective Study.

Unlabelled: COVID-19 pandemic, which has exhibited a wide clinical spectrum and an unexpected surge in mucormycosis cases, understanding various biomarkers' roles becomes pivotal. As mucormycosis leads to clinical morbidity and mortality through angioinvasion and thromboembolism, unveiling the correlation between these markers and disease progression can shed light on the reasons behind mucormycosis's emergence as an epidemic, especially following the second wave of COVID-19. This long term ambispective observational study, conducted from May 2020 to July 2023, aimed to assess specific biomarkers as predictors of severity in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM).

WHO BREF Quality of Life Score as a Prognostic Indicator of Survival in Patients recovered from COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM) has emerged as a formidable infection in patients with COVID-19, this study was designed to assess the QOL in patients with and its predictability for survival in CAM victims. This long term prospective observational study of 290 patients with CAM was conducted over 2 years using a standard questionnaire (the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire [WHO-BREF]), Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), palliative performance scale (PPS) and patient rated improvement (PRI) ranging from 0 to 9. Cut-off values of ≤ median score was considered to indicate poor QOL or poor improvement.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Vocal Abuse and Vocal Hygiene among Diverse Occupational Voice Users in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

Background: Voice disorders in occupations connected with excessive voice use can be attributed to the inappropriate use of voice and poor vocal hygiene. Therefore, it is essential for persons in such occupations to be aware of vocal abuse, vocal hygiene, practices and their influence on maintaining healthy voice.

Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice on vocal abuse and vocal hygiene among diverse occupational voice users in Jodhpur.

Invasive Fungal Sinusitis and Its Orbital Morbidity in Pediatric Population: A Strategic Treatment Algorithm and Outcomes.

Background: Invasive fungal sinusitis, particularly mucormycosis, presents a significant clinical challenge, especially in pediatric populations. This retrospective epidemiologic study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes associated with this rare but severe condition, with a focus on orbital morbidity.

Methods: Clinical data of 12 pediatric patients diagnosed with invasive fungal sinusitis between 2021 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.