Blood component utilization in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Experience from a dedicated COVID-19 center.

Background: Blood transfusion services were seriously affected during COVID-19 not only due to limited availability of blood components but also due to gap in the clinical knowledge about the need for transfusion in COVID-19 patients. However, understanding the transfusion needs is essential for inventory management. We analyzed the utilization of blood components in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and recorded the outcome of the patients who were transfused.

Renal Doppler ultrasound to predict acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with acute circulatory failure.

Renal Doppler ultrasonography may have an important role in the detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) in early stages. This study was aimed to determine whether renal Doppler parameters at day 1 can predict the development of AKI at day 5 in acute circulatory failure (ACF). After ethics committee approval and informed written consent from patients or legally acceptable representatives, we recruited n = 80 critically ill adult patients with ACF in this single-center, prospective observational study.

Breaking New Ground: Novel Intralesional Amphotericin B for Mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis, a severe fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly affects immunocompromised individuals. Standard treatments involving debridement and systemic antifungals often encounter resistance, especially in cutaneous forms due to systemic toxicity and poor tissue penetration of Amphotericin B. This case series investigates the effectiveness of intralesional Amphotericin B for targeted delivery with minimal systemic side effects.

The effect of trauma quality improvement programme implementation on quality of life among trauma patients in urban India.

Trauma accounts for around 4.4 million deaths annually and is among the leading causes of death, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Trauma quality improvement programmes may reduce adverse patient outcomes but lack robust evidence.

Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections in a trauma care facility in India: trend over ten years.

Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most common device-associated infections acquired in a hospital. Trauma patients are highly susceptible to CAUTI, as catheterization is a lifesaving measure often required for their management. This study focuses on the profile of CAUTI, the organism profile with antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and the clinical outcomes in the ICUs of a trauma care center.

Transmission dynamics of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from an Indian hospital.

Object: The dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae is becoming a major concern, as this organism is responsible for a significant proportion of hospital acquired infections. Due to complexity of this organism adequate knowledge on the epidemiology and infection control practices associated with the dissemination is highly required. Therefore, this study designed to include consecutive samples from environment and patients to assess the similarity pattern among isolates from different sources.

Correction: Hyperglycemia and steroid use increase the risk of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization: Case-control study, India.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A pilot study on hemodynamically stable isolated chest trauma patients reveals dysregulation of oxidative metabolism.

Background: Metabolomic dysregulation precedes clinical deterioration following injury. However, despite receiving comparable treatment, patients with similar injury severity often follow different clinical trajectories and outcomes.

Methods: This prospective cohort study at a level 1 trauma centre screened 4541 acutely injured patients with chest trauma between September 2019 and February 2023.

Cochlear Duct Length: Rethinking Its Role in Auditory Outcomes.

Objective: To assess the relation between cochlear duct length (CDL) and audiological outcome after cochlear implant surgery in prelingually deafened children.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 36 prelingually deaf children underwent cochlear implantation at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur. Preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and high-resolution T2 weighted sequences magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of temporal bones were used to calculate CDL.

Cholesteatoma aggressiveness in paediatric vs. adult patients: a comparative analysis of molecular markers with MERI and EAONO/JS staging.

Purpose: Cholesteatoma is characterized by the abnormal growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear. Although both pediatric and adult populations are affected, differences in the molecular mechanisms underlying cholesteatoma between these age groups are not fully understood. miRNA-21 and IL-6 have been implicated in various inflammatory and proliferative processes, and their roles in cholesteatoma pathogenesis among different age groups warrant detailed investigation.

Petrous Bone Cholesteatoma- A Comprehensive Management Algorithm and Outcomes.

Unlabelled: Background: Petrous bone cholesteatoma (PBC) is a challenging condition involving the development of an epidermoid cyst within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Advances in radiological imaging and skull base surgery have refined the management of PBC. Methods: An ambispective descriptive study was conducted on patients diagnosed with PBC between 2021 and 2024.

Pioneering Clinical Investigation: Beta Defensin Expression in Patients of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity as a Forward-Looking Validation for Molecular Treatment.

Human defensins are peptides coded by certain genes released as a part of immune response that act differently to tumorigenic cells according to the class. A varied cellular response has been documented in the world literature concerning the role of defensins in the cancer cell lines, though the exact role in the internal human milieu and the role specific to head and neck cancers is still understudied. This study explores the possible role of Human Beta Defensin (HBD) 1 and 3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in disease progression and their potential as biomarkers/prognostic markers.

Critical appraisal of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) are cornerstone methodologies in evidence-based medicine, synthesising vast research to provide comprehensive insights. Despite their value, the increasing prevalence of SRMAs has highlighted the need for robust critical appraisal to ensure their reliability and applicability. This document outlines a structured framework for evaluating SRMAs, emphasising key elements such as clearly defined research questions, appropriate inclusion criteria, comprehensive search strategies and the assessment of bias in included studies.

Odd Ball Paradigms of Rhino Facial Swellings: A Diagnostic Dilemma of Primary Subcutaneous Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas.

Almost 14% of all head and neck malignancies are contributed by Lymphomas which are solid tumours of the immune system. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders originating in B-, T-, or natural killer T-cells with wide range of histological and clinical features, which can make diagnosis difficult. A 58-year-old male patient presented with a two-month history of swelling in the left cheek which was gradually progressing.

Ionised calcium levels during trauma resuscitation in predicting outcomes-a prospective cohort study.

Background: Haemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable mortality following trauma, often aggravated by the acidosis, hypothermia and coagulopathy-the lethal triad of trauma. However, the impact of trauma-induced hypocalcemia on the haemorrhage remains unclear. It is intuitive to consider perturbations of ionised calcium early during trauma resuscitation in acutely injured patients given its pathophysiological significance for an improved outcome.

Long-term Prospective Comparative Analysis of Ototoxic and Survival Outcomes of Sequential Boost and Simultaneous Integrated Boost of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Head-Neck Carcinomas.

Objective: To compare the ototoxicity and survival in head and neck carcinoma patients treated with sequential (SEQ) and simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

Methods: This long-term prospective study enrolled patients with histologically confirmed head and neck carcinoma, all receiving VMAT treatment. Audiological assessments were done using various tests at baseline, two weeks, treatment completion, six months, and 12 months.

Outcome of Preoperative Oral Steroids on Patients With Sinonasal Polyposis.

Background And Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative oral prednisolone improves the intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes over a 3-month period in patients of sinonasal polyposis who undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods: In a triple-blind, randomized controlled study, 43 patients diagnosed with sinonasal polyposis in the Department of ENT, AIIMS, Jodhpur, were enrolled. After obtaining institutional ethics clearance and registering the clinical trial, randomization was conducted to assign participants into experimental and control groups.

Scala vestibuli cochlear implantation: exploring feasibility and outcomes- a systematic review.

Purpose: While the scala tympani (ST) is usually the preferred site for electrode insertion in cochlear implantation, anatomical variations and cochlear ossification may require scala vestibuli (SV) insertion. This systematic review evaluates the feasibility, techniques, and clinical outcomes of SV insertions compared to ST insertions, focusing on their impact on auditory performance.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines.

Functional Rehabilitation - an Integral Component for Quality of Life in the Holistic Management of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis.

To evaluate the quality of life in the post maxillectomy patients due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated Mucormycosis (CAM) following rehabilitation with obturators. The study also described the management and treatment outcomes of CAM patients. The study included 80 confirmed patients of CAM.

Relevance of intra-abdominal pressure monitoring in non-operative management of patients with blunt liver and splenic injuries.

Purpose: Non-operative management (NOM) has been validated for blunt liver and splenic injuries. Literature on continuous intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) monitoring as a part of NOM remains to be equivocal. The study aimed to find any correlation between clinical parameters and IAP, and their effect on the NOM of patients with blunt liver and splenic injury.

Comparison of long-term speech and impedance outcome of cochlear implantation in prelingual deaf paediatric patients between cochleostomy and round window insertion.

Objectives: To compare long-term impedance and functional outcomes between the round window and cochleostomy approaches in cochlear implantation patients.

Methods: Ninety prelingually deafened children who underwent unilateral cochlear implantation participated in this prospective observational study. Participants were divided into round window and cochleostomy groups.

Unveiling the Aggressiveness of Cholesteatoma: Associating MERI with miRNA-21 & IL-6 Expression.

Background: Cholesteatoma, a destructive middle ear condition, poses challenges due to its variable clinical presentation and propensity for recurrence. Understanding its molecular underpinnings could enhance prognostication and guide therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the association between cholesteatoma aggressiveness, as assessed by the Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI), and the expression of miRNA-21 and IL-6 genes.

Dependability and Prognostic Value of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito- Cerebral Mucormycosis- A Long Term Ambispective Study.

Unlabelled: COVID-19 pandemic, which has exhibited a wide clinical spectrum and an unexpected surge in mucormycosis cases, understanding various biomarkers' roles becomes pivotal. As mucormycosis leads to clinical morbidity and mortality through angioinvasion and thromboembolism, unveiling the correlation between these markers and disease progression can shed light on the reasons behind mucormycosis's emergence as an epidemic, especially following the second wave of COVID-19. This long term ambispective observational study, conducted from May 2020 to July 2023, aimed to assess specific biomarkers as predictors of severity in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM).