Clinical progression on CDR-SB©: Progression-free time at each 0.5 unit level in dominantly inherited and sporadic Alzheimer's disease populations.

Introduction: Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) is a reliable and clinically meaningful composite for assessing treatment effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Small CDR-SB differences at the end of a trial often lead to controversy in deriving clinically meaningful interpretations.

Methods: We estimated progression-free time (PFT) participants remained at each 0.

Molnupiravir inhibits Bourbon virus infection and disease-associated pathology in mice.

Bourbon virus (BRBV) is an emerging tick-borne virus that can cause severe and fatal disease in humans. BRBV is vectored via the tick, which is widely distributed throughout the central, eastern, and southern United States. Serosurveillance studies in Missouri and North Carolina identified BRBV-neutralizing antibodies in approximately 0.

Pre-surgery gut microbial diversity and abundance are associated with post-surgery onset of cachexia in colorectal cancer patients: the ColoCare Study.

Background: Cachexia accounts for about 20% of all cancer-related deaths and it is indicative of poor prognosis and progressive functional impairment. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of cachexia in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has not been established.

Methods: Pre-surgical stool samples from n = 103 stage I-III CRC patients in the ColoCare Study were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina) to characterize fecal bacteria.

Multi-State Modeling of Pressure Injury Staging Transition Trajectories to Inform Next-Generation Clinical Decision Support.

This study aimed to evaluate the location-specific and time-sensitive trajectories of pressure injuries (PrIs) stages using real-world electronic health record (EHR) datasets. Using a dataset of 29,475 patients with records of PrIs documented from 2015 to 2023, we developed four PrI patient sub-cohorts with common PrI locations, including coccyx, buttocks, sacrum and heel. We estimated transition intensities between three PrI states: stage 1, stage 2, and a severe stage in each group.

Research burden in pediatric cancer: A mixed methods study from the PediQUEST Response Trial.

Context: Research burden in pediatric advanced cancer is understudied.

Objectives: To analyze study burden among parents and children participating in the PediQUEST Response Trial, and explore associated factors, including belonging to historically marginalized (HM) backgrounds or facing economic hardship (EH).

Methods: Mixed-methods secondary analysis of data collected for an RCT.

Cell Type-Specific Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs in Human Diabetic Kidneys Identifies TARID as a Key Regulator of Podocyte Function.

This study provides a resource for kidney (cell type-specific) long noncoding (lnc)RNA expression and demonstrates the importance of lncRNAs in renal health. We identified 174 cell type-specific lncRNAs in the human kidney, with 54 showing altered expression in diabetic kidney disease. TCF21 antisense RNA inducing promoter demethylation (TARID), a podocyte-specific lncRNA upregulated in diabetic kidney disease, is crucial for actin cytoskeleton reorganization in podocytes.

Controversies, Consensuses and Guidelines on Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Developments of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD) by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society (APOIS) and the Academy of the Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO).

Neovascular age-related degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in older populations in the developed world. With the aging population, the incidence of nAMD is growing globally. Despite advancements in diagnostic investigations and treatment modalities over the past three decades, there remains considerable controversies in the pathogenesis, classification and optimal management strategies.

A Review of Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Omics Approaches of Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injuries are often devastating and result in severe functional limitations. Our review breaks down the pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and omics approaches regarding spinal cord injuries. The pathophysiology can be divided into two main phases, with the secondary phase being of greater interest.

Temporary Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) of the Cervical Medial Branch Nerve (CMBN) for Chronic Axial Neck Pain-A Literature Review and Case Series.

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been employed as a therapeutic modality for managing chronic pain across diverse etiologies and neural targets. Nevertheless, its application in treating chronic axial neck pain remains markedly underexplored. Accordingly, this study aimed to both review the existing literature and present a retrospective single-center case series of patients who underwent temporary PNS targeting the cervical medial branch nerves (CMBNs) for chronic axial neck pain.

Uncovering Hidden Profiles: From Pain-Centric to Multi-Symptom Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Background And Purpose: Small fiber neuropathy (SFN), resulting from dysfunction and loss of peripheral unmyelinated and thinly myelinated nerve fibers, is traditionally characterized by distal skin pain and sensory loss. Patients often report additional symptoms, including muscle cramps, myalgias, fatigue, subjective weakness, and neuropathic itch, but the prevalence and intensity of these symptoms remain poorly defined. Current treatments-focused primarily on pain-are often ineffective, possibly due to substantial between-patient heterogeneity.

Factors associated with the use of combined nutritional complementary and alternative medicine among southern US older adults: results from the study of aging II.

Background: Older adults use nutritional complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to reduce the risk of (or treat) non-communicable conditions and diet deficiencies. While prior research has explored the individual use of dietary supplements, vitamins, and minerals among older adults, few studies have examined factors influencing the combined use of these modalities, especially among Southern, older adults in the United States.

Methods: Data were extracted from 419 participants from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging II, a population-based longitudinal study of mobility among community-dwelling older adults.

Child and Adolescent Cancer Communication Preferences for Treatment Decision Making: A Meta-Synthesis.

Background: Children and adolescents (C&A) <18 years of age report varying cancer treatment communication preferences. The aim of this qualitative meta-synthesis was to describe C&A voices regarding their preferences for engagement in their treatment communication. This report shares their preferences specific to their involvement in cancer treatment decision-making (TDM).

SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in children exhibit higher FcR engagement and avidity than in adults.

As intrinsic differences in humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 between children and adults remain unclear, we improved characterisation by defining the kinetics, specificity and function of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in children (n = 146, aged 9.4 ± 4.8 years with n = 257 samples) compared to adults (n = 85, aged 39.

Do trajectories of self- and interpersonal functioning identify a core underlying developmental pathway for personality pathology in late adolescence and early adulthood?

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders is a dimensional model of personality disorder that describes difficulties in self- and interpersonal functioning as the common core of personality disorder and its hypothesized developmental pathway. However, empirical evidence in support of this developmental pathway is lacking, and the unique developmental relevance of self- and interpersonal functioning for the emergence of personality pathology independent from internalizing and externalizing psychopathology remains unknown. The aim of this preregistered study (which can be found in the additional online materials at https://osf.

Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis: Safety and Effectiveness of Combining Biologics and Small Molecules in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background: The systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) evaluates the safety and effectiveness of combining biologics and/or small molecules in treating refractory inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

Methods: Our 2022 SRMA identified 13 studies published until November 3, 2020. An updated systematic search was completed from May 2020 through January 31, 2024.

PARP inhibitors in melanoma treatment: potential, challenges, and future directions.

Genome integrity is a critical driver of cellular stability, and defects in the processes that maintain genome health are potent sources of cancer progression. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which damages cells through absent or erroneous repair of double-stranded DNA breaks, is a prime example of such cellular dysfunction. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors exploit these aberrancies in the cellular repair process by arresting the ability of the PARP enzyme to repair cellular and genetic damage, inducing the accumulation of DNA damage and cancer cell death.

Prenatal cannabis exposure, the brain, and psychopathology during early adolescence.

Prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) is associated with mental health problems in early adolescence, but the possible neurobiological mechanisms remain unknown. In a large longitudinal sample of adolescents (ages 9-12, n=9,322-10,186), we find that PCE is associated with localized differences in gray and white matter of the frontal and parietal cortices, their associated white matter tracts, and with striatal resting state connectivity, even after accounting for potential pregnancy, familial, and child confounds. Variability in forceps minor and pars triangularis diffusion metrics partially longitudinally mediate PCE-ADHD associations.

Minimally Invasive Posterior SI Joint Fusion with a Novel Cortical Allograft: Real-World, Long-Term, Outcomes from a Large, Multisite US Cohort.

Purpose: Sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction accounts for 15% to 30% of reported low back pain. Primary treatments of SI joint dysfunction include medications, bracing, physical therapy, injections, and ablations. When primary non-surgical treatments are unsuccessful, fusion or stabilization may be considered.

Multi-ancestral genome-wide association study of clinically defined nicotine dependence reveals strong genetic correlations with other substance use disorders and health-related traits.

Background: Genetic research on nicotine dependence has utilized multiple assessments that are in weak agreement.

Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of nicotine dependence defined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-NicDep) in 61,861 individuals (47,884 of European ancestry [EUR], 10,231 of African ancestry, and 3,746 of East Asian ancestry) and compared the results to other nicotine-related phenotypes.

Results: We replicated the well-known association at the locus (lead single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]: rs147144681,  = 1.

Association of PET4 Response With Outcomes of BV-CHP vs CHOP in the ECHELON-2 Trial in CD30+ Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma.

In the phase 3 ECHELON-2 trial, brentuximab vedotin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (BV-CHP) significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) in patients with CD30+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), benefits that were maintained at 5 years. Interim positron emission tomography (PET) scan can be used to assess prognosis and risk stratify patients. The prognostic value of interim PET was assessed in this post hoc exploratory analysis from ECHELON-2 evaluating interim 18F-FDG PET scans after cycle 4 (PET4) and end-of-treatment-based response and correlated with PFS per investigator and OS.

Differential Use of Depression and Anxiety Medications in Adults With a History of Cancer.

Importance: Depression and anxiety disproportionately impact cancer survivors. Sociodemographic factors frequently impact access to cancer care; however, it is unclear if these factors are associated with access to pharmacological care for mental and behavioral health conditions.

Objective: To evaluate antidepressant and anxiolytic use among cancer survivors compared with the general US population and identify associations between sociodemographic factors and medication use.

Red Cell Transfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction: AABB International Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Description: Optimal transfusion strategies for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are uncertain. The aim of this guideline is to provide recommendations for red blood cell transfusion in patients with AMI.

Methods: These guidelines are based on evidence from randomized controlled trials of patients presenting with AMI and assigned to 2 different transfusion strategies (restrictive or liberal) based on hemoglobin concentrations or hematocrit levels before receipt of a transfusion.