Minimally Invasive Posterior SI Joint Fusion with a Novel Cortical Allograft: Real-World, Long-Term, Outcomes from a Large, Multisite US Cohort.

Purpose: Sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction accounts for 15% to 30% of reported low back pain. Primary treatments of SI joint dysfunction include medications, bracing, physical therapy, injections, and ablations. When primary non-surgical treatments are unsuccessful, fusion or stabilization may be considered.

Comparison of polyvinyl alcohol particles and tris-acryl gelatin microspheres for middle meningeal artery embolization in chronic subdural hematoma.

Objective: Our study aimed to compare the outcome after middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and tris-acryl gelatin microspheres (TAGMs) in patients with chronic subdural hematoma (SDH).

Methods: A retrospective and prospective observational study was performed on patients with chronic SDH who underwent MMA embolization, with or without surgical evacuation, using PVA particles (250-355 µm) or TAGMs (100-300 µm) between November 2020 and June 2024. The primary efficacy outcome was the absence of recurrence, defined as new onset or worsening of existing neurological symptoms, associated with a residual or recurrent SDH with hyperdense contents on computed tomography (CT) within 90 days.

A Retrospective, Multicenter Analysis of a Novel Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Device on Safety and Efficacy at 12 Months: Access Study.

: Arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) has evolved over the last 5 years, with many trajectory strategies emerging. Innovation has outpaced data generation on the safety and efficacy of novel SIJ arthrodesis techniques. This retrospective review of the use of a SiLO TFX SIJ fusion system provides 12-month post-implant outcome data that can be compared with other techniques from published literature.

Venous Congestion in Transmesenteric Hernia After Superior Mesenteric Artery Stenting for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia.

Endovascular stenting is commonly done for chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). We report a case of venous congestion in transmesenteric hernia following superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stenting for CMI. A 52-year-old man with a history of extended right hemicolectomy presented with post-prandial abdominal pain for two months.

Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection for Post-oocyte Retrieval Pseudoaneurysm in Pregnancy.

Transvaginal sonography (TVS)-guided oocyte retrieval is an assisted reproductive technology commonly performed for in vitro fertilization. This report presents the case of a 42-year-old primigravida, who presented in the second trimester of pregnancy with vaginal bleeding and left iliac fossa pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and TVS revealed a pseudoaneurysm in the left parametrium.

Finding signatures of low-dimensional geometric landscapes in high-dimensional cell fate transitions.

Multicellular organisms develop a wide variety of highly-specialized cell types. The consistency and robustness of developmental cell fate trajectories suggests that complex gene regulatory networks effectively act as low-dimensional cell fate landscapes. A complementary set of works draws on the theory of dynamical systems to argue that cell fate transitions can be categorized into universal decision-making classes.

Finding signatures of low-dimensional geometric landscapes in high-dimensional cell fate transitions.

Multicellular organisms develop a wide variety of highly-specialized cell types. The consistency and robustness of developmental cell fate trajectories suggests that complex gene regulatory networks effectively act as low-dimensional cell fate landscapes. A complementary set of works draws on the theory of dynamical systems to argue that cell fate transitions can be categorized into universal decision-making classes.

Inferring genotype-phenotype maps using attention models.

Predicting phenotype from genotype is a central challenge in genetics. Traditional approaches in quantitative genetics typically analyze this problem using methods based on linear regression. These methods generally assume that the genetic architecture of complex traits can be parameterized in terms of an additive model, where the effects of loci are independent, plus (in some cases) pairwise epistatic interactions between loci.

Role of Virtual Monoenergetic Images in the Assessment of Vessel Enhancement in Segmental Level in Third-Generation Dual-Source Dual-Energy CT Pulmonary Angiography-A Prospective Study.

 Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death worldwide and imaging plays a pivotal role in establishing the diagnosis. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scores over other modalities and is the current diagnostic investigation of choice. In this study, we assessed the main pulmonary artery and its corresponding segmental artery attenuation in reconstructed virtual monoenergetic (mono plus) images (VMI-MP) and linear blended images (spectral post processing, SPP) obtained from dual-energy CTPA.

A theory of ecological invasions and its implications for eco-evolutionary dynamics.

Predicting the outcomes of species invasions is a central goal of ecology, a task made especially challenging due to ecological feedbacks. To address this, we develop a general theory of ecological invasions applicable to a wide variety of ecological models: including Lotka-Volterra models, consumer resource models, and models with cross feeding. Importantly, our framework remains valid even when invading evolved (non-random) communities and accounts for invasion-driven species extinctions.

A theory of ecological invasions and its implications for eco-evolutionary dynamics.

Predicting the outcomes of species invasions is a central goal of ecology, a task made especially challenging due to ecological feedbacks. To address this, we develop a general theory of ecological invasions applicable to a wide variety of ecological models: including Lotka-Volterra models, consumer resource models, and models with cross feeding. Importantly, our framework remains valid even when invading evolved (non-random) communities and accounts for invasion-driven species extinctions.

An Evidence-Based Consensus for the Use of Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Non-Surgical Low Back Pain: The NEURON Group.

Introduction: The use of electrical neuromodulation has often been limited to those with previous back surgery, peripheral neuropathy, and complex regional pain syndrome. Many patients with severe intractable low back pain were thought to be candidates for spinal cord stimulation (SCS), dorsal root ganglion stimulation, or peripheral nerve stimulation but did not meet the criteria. Recently, additional high-level data has supported the use of SCS in non-surgical low back pain (NSLBP), and United States Food and Drug Administration approval has been granted.

A differentiable Gillespie algorithm for simulating chemical kinetics, parameter estimation, and designing synthetic biological circuits.

The Gillespie algorithm is commonly used to simulate and analyze complex chemical reaction networks. Here, we leverage recent breakthroughs in deep learning to develop a fully differentiable variant of the Gillespie algorithm. The differentiable Gillespie algorithm (DGA) approximates discontinuous operations in the exact Gillespie algorithm using smooth functions, allowing for the calculation of gradients using backpropagation.

Hydrogeochemical assessment and water quality of glacier-fed catchment of Chenab basin, Kishtwar Himalaya, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

River basins are cohesive entities that engage with geological formations and human activity. The evaluation and examination of the water quality in the Chenab River basin is essential due to its substantial contribution towards the sustainability of its ecosystem. The aim is to investigate the variability in hydrogeochemical characteristics of the glacier-fed Chenab River catchment (consisting of 72 samples) in the Kishtwar district, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Engineering synthetic phosphorylation signaling networks in human cells.

Protein phosphorylation signaling networks have a central role in how cells sense and respond to their environment. We engineered artificial phosphorylation networks in which reversible enzymatic phosphorylation cycles were assembled from modular protein domain parts and wired together to create synthetic phosphorylation circuits in human cells. Our design scheme enabled model-guided tuning of circuit function and the ability to make diverse network connections; synthetic phosphorylation circuits can be coupled to upstream cell surface receptors to enable fast-timescale sensing of extracellular ligands, and downstream connections can regulate gene expression.

A universal niche geometry governs the response of ecosystems to environmental perturbations.

How ecosystems respond to environmental perturbations is a fundamental question in ecology, made especially challenging due to the strong coupling between species and their environment. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework for calculating the steady-state response of ecosystems to environmental perturbations in generalized consumer-resource. Our construction is applicable to a wide class of systems, including models with non-reciprocal interactions, cross-feeding, and non-linear growth/consumption rates.

A single-center retrospective chart review of percutaneous PNS for treatment of chronic shoulder pain.

Objective: The present IRB-approved retrospective chart review describes the use of a 60-day PNS treatment for shoulder pain at a single center in 60 total consecutive patients.

Background: Chronic shoulder pain affects an increasing number of patients per year and is especially prevalent in elderly populations. Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) treatment targeting the nerves of the shoulder has been shown to reduce pain in prospective clinical studies and in analysis of real-world data.

A differentiable Gillespie algorithm for simulating chemical kinetics, parameter estimation, and designing synthetic biological circuits.

The Gillespie algorithm is commonly used to simulate and analyze complex chemical reaction networks. Here, we leverage recent breakthroughs in deep learning to develop a fully differentiable variant of the Gillespie algorithm. The differentiable Gillespie algorithm (DGA) approximates discontinuous operations in the exact Gillespie algorithm using smooth functions, allowing for the calculation of gradients using backpropagation.

Integrating local energetics into Maxwell-Calladine constraint counting to design mechanical metamaterials.

The Maxwell-Calladine index theorem plays a central role in our current understanding of the mechanical rigidity of discrete materials. By considering the geometric constraints each material component imposes on a set of underlying degrees of freedom, the theorem relates the emergence of rigidity to constraint counting arguments. However, the Maxwell-Calladine paradigm is significantly limited-its exclusive reliance on the geometric relationships between constraints and degrees of freedom completely neglects the actual energetic costs of deforming individual components.

A differentiable Gillespie algorithm for simulating chemical kinetics, parameter estimation, and designing synthetic biological circuits.

The Gillespie algorithm is commonly used to simulate and analyze complex chemical reaction networks. Here, we leverage recent breakthroughs in deep learning to develop a fully differentiable variant of the Gillespie algorithm. The differentiable Gillespie algorithm (DGA) approximates discontinuous operations in the exact Gillespie algorithm using smooth functions, allowing for the calculation of gradients using backpropagation.

Generation of human alveolar epithelial type I cells from pluripotent stem cells.

Alveolar epithelial type I cells (AT1s) line the gas exchange barrier of the distal lung and have been historically challenging to isolate or maintain in cell culture. Here, we engineer a human in vitro AT1 model system via directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We use primary adult AT1 global transcriptomes to suggest benchmarks and pathways, such as Hippo-LATS-YAP/TAZ signaling, enriched in these cells.

Phase Transition to Chaos in Complex Ecosystems with Nonreciprocal Species-Resource Interactions.

Nonreciprocal interactions between microscopic constituents can profoundly shape the large-scale properties of complex systems. Here, we investigate the effects of nonreciprocity in the context of theoretical ecology by analyzing a generalization of MacArthur's consumer-resource model with asymmetric interactions between species and resources. Using a mixture of analytic cavity calculations and numerical simulations, we show that such ecosystems generically undergo a phase transition to chaotic dynamics as the amount of nonreciprocity is increased.

A universal niche geometry governs the response of ecosystems to environmental perturbations.

How ecosystems respond to environmental perturbations is a fundamental question in ecology, made especially challenging due to the strong coupling between species and their environment. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework for calculating the linear response of ecosystems to environmental perturbations in generalized consumer-resource models. Our construction is applicable to a wide class of systems, including models with non-reciprocal interactions, cross-feeding, and non-linear growth/consumption rates.

Les Houches Lectures on Community Ecology: From Niche Theory to Statistical Mechanics.

Ecosystems are among the most interesting and well-studied examples of self-organized complex systems. Community ecology, the study of how species interact with each other and the environment, has a rich tradition. Over the last few years, there has been a growing theoretical and experimental interest in these problems from the physics and quantitative biology communities.

Phase transition to chaos in complex ecosystems with non-reciprocal species-resource interactions.

Non-reciprocal interactions between microscopic constituents can profoundly shape the large-scale properties of complex systems. Here, we investigate the effects of non-reciprocity in the context of theoretical ecology by analyzing a generalization of MacArthur's consumer-resource model with asymmetric interactions between species and resources. Using a mixture of analytic cavity calculations and numerical simulations, we show that such ecosystems generically undergo a phase transition to chaotic dynamics as the amount of non-reciprocity is increased.