The impact of alternative surfactants on the performance of physical developer formulations.

Physical developer (PD) is a physicochemical detection technique for fingermarks on porous surfaces. One of the surfactants in PD, Synperonic® N, has been phased out of manufacture due to generating environmentally harmful degradation products. Previous research, mainly in the US, the UK, and Europe, has attempted to trial alternatives to Synperonic® N, such as Tween® 20 and DGME, however little comparative work has taken place in an Australian context.

Laser-emitting aqueous bioreactors for ultrasensitive bioactivity analysis.

Water droplets, acting as natural bioreactors and optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators, hold the potential for laser-assisted analysis. However, water/aqueous droplet lasers can only survive in air with a limited lifespan (<100 s) due to rapid evaporation, restricting their applications in bioreactions. To address this challenge, we introduce laser-emitting aqueous bioreactors (LEABs) in fluorocarbon oils.

Prolonged exposure to low-dose traffic-derived PM causes fatty liver disorder in mice.

There is no safe level of exposure to air pollution, including particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM), to human health. Whilst it is well known that exposure to heavily polluted air is associated with several liver disorders, it is unclear how long-term exposure to low-level traffic-derived PM affects liver health.

International Tennis Federation (ITF), Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Expert Group Statement on Nutrition in High-Performance Tennis. Current Evidence to Inform Practical Recommendations and Guide Future Research.

The sport of tennis involves unique nutritional demands for the physical and technical aspects of match play and training, as well as the nutritional challenges associated with extensive travel and a lengthy competition calendar. An expert group assembled by The International Tennis Federation, the Women's Tennis Association, and the Association of Tennis Professionals has produced a scientific review of current evidence to inform practical recommendations for high-performance tennis. The narrative summary considers the diversity within the tennis community, including male and female players, youth players, and wheelchair players.

Are beliefs about low back pain associated with central sensitization inventory in patients with low back pain? A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Central Sensitization Inventory is a tool used to identify patients with central sensitization (CS) symptoms. The Central Sensitization Inventory has shown to be associated with psychosocial and cognitive factors commonly thought to contribute to and sustain the mechanism of central sensitization. Another potential factor that might play a role in central sensitization is beliefs about low back pain (LBP).

'It's Putting All the Burden on the Patient': A Qualitative Study of Health Literacy and Shared Decision-Making in Rural Australian Communities.

Objectives: Rural communities in Australia face significant barriers to health. Grounded in phenomenology as a research methodology, this study aimed to explore health literacy and shared decision-making in rural areas from the perspective of community members.

Design: Semi-structured interview study, with data analysed using Framework Analysis.

Elemental mass spectrometry imaging of biomolecules using metal-conjugated probes.

In situ imaging of proteins, RNA, immune cells and other biomolecules is necessary to determine their function, interactions and roles in disease pathology. Increasingly, this is achieved via metal-conjugated probes in conjunction with elemental mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). This targeted technique is capable of simultaneously imaging up to 40 analytes, in comparison to the traditional bioimaging techniques that use fluorescent or chromogenic reagents that are typically restricted to less than four analytes without complex sample handling and analysis workflows.

The Effect of Heat Stress and Dehydration on Carbohydrate Use During Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Carbohydrate metabolism during prolonged endurance exercise can be influenced by heat stress and dehydration. While heat exposure and dehydration have been shown to independently affect glycogen use and carbohydrate oxidation, their combined impact remains unclear. No previous review has systematically evaluated the effects of these factors on carbohydrate metabolism during prolonged endurance exercise or undertaken a meta-analysis.

Neural network-based fixed-time practical attitude synchronization control for uncertain networked spacecraft systems.

This paper investigates the distributed neural network (NN)-based fixed-time practical attitude synchronization of the networked spacecraft systems (NSSs) with model uncertainties and external disturbances. A novel practical attitude synchronization scheme is proposed using the Lagrangian representation of spacecraft attitude dynamics for both leaderless and leader-follower cases. Fixed-time control is first employed to enhance robustness against model uncertainties, and the NN is then integrated to advance its adaptability.

Enhancing midwifery course curricula: validating knowledge and skills in climate change and planetary health.

Problem And Background: Undergraduate midwifery courses prepare students for the care of childbearing women and their infants but lack specific content and skill development related to addressing the effects of a warming climate and increasing severe weather events. .A framework of Planetary Health nursing domains including: 1) The science of planetary Health and climate change, 2) Mitigation of the adverse impacts of healthcare on the environment, and 3) Adaptation to the actual and expected impacts of climate change on health care and health outcomes were identified from a previous Delphi study.

Atmospheric aerosol-microplastics intake and deposition in the alveolar region by considering dynamic behavior of acinar airways.

Background And Objective: Atmospheric aerosols from different industrial and natural sources enter the airways during inhalation. The smaller respirable aerosols enter the alveolar sacs and, depending on the residence time and toxicity, create severe respiratory health hazards. The physiological movement of the alveolar sacs is an important feature of breathing dynamics.

Cost-Benefit of Staff Education in Person-Centered Care of Persons With Dementia in Australian Subacute Rehabilitation.

Background: We assessed the cost-benefit of person-centered care education for direct care staff of an Australian subacute rehabilitation hospital, with respect to clinical outcomes and service costs of persons with dementia.

Methods: In a nonrandomized pre/post/follow-up design, clinical outcomes and service use were evaluated for matched comparison (n=77) and intervention (n=80) groups for delirium incidence, accidents/injuries, injury treatment, psychotropic medicines, length of stay, hospital readmissions and discharge destination. Group-level outcomes were monetized and included in a cost-benefit analysis (present value of benefits/present value of education and service costs).

Effect of work-to-rest ratio on acute responses to repeated-sprint training in hypoxia in elite track endurance cyclists.

Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) is increasingly used by athletes to improve repeat sprint ability in normoxia. However, the physiological responses to varying protocols remain unclear. This study aimed to determine how different RSH protocols affect acute physiological responses in elite cyclists.

Visualising sub-second dynamics of nanoparticle extravasation .

Altered vascular integrity is a hallmark for many diseases. Monitoring vascular permeability, including its extent and underlying transport pathways, is thus important for advancing our understanding of disease mechanisms towards innovative diagnosis and treatment. Here we show real-time fluorescence imaging using lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles as contrast agents to visualise subtle changes to vascular permeability .

Dietary attribution to burden of chronic disease in Australia: a systematic analysis of the Australian Institute of health and welfare 2024 national burden of disease dataset.

Background: Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pose a significant burden on Australia's healthcare system. Despite advancements in disease prevention and management, NCDs remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess trends in the burden of NCDs and the impact of dietary risks in Australia from 2003 to 2024 using data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW).

Tube-Fed vs Orally-Fed Children with Early Childhood Feeding Disorders.

BACKGROUND Children with feeding disorders may require tube feeding when oral intake is insufficient. This study compared the clinical management and parental experiences of tube-fed children versus orally-fed children with feeding disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 22 children under 3 years old diagnosed with feeding disorders, treated at the Early Childhood Eating and Sleeping Disorders Clinic, between July 2018 and December 2020.

Determinants and geographic distribution of unimproved sanitation facilities in sub-Saharan Africa, spatial and multilevel analysis using demographic and health survey (DHS) data.

Background: One-third of the population in sub-Saharan Africa does not have access to adequate hygiene and sanitation facilities. Many still lack decent and functional toilets, impacting health, dignity, and development. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the geographical distribution and factors associated with unimproved sanitation facilities in sub-Saharan Africa.

Improved leukocyte classification in bone marrow cytology using convolutional neural network with contrast enhancement.

Leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) are the main components of the immune system that protect the human body from various infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. There are five major types of leukocytes: basophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and neutrophils. The precise identification and enumeration of each variety of WBCs are essential for the diagnosis and management of various conditions, including infectious diseases, immune disorders, immunological deficiencies, leukemia, and so forth.

Eliciting and Anchoring Health State Preferences Using Discrete Choice Experiments Among Adults, Adolescents, and Children.

Objective: We aimed to compare EQ-5D-Y-5L health state preferences among children, adolescents, and adults in Canada using a discrete choice experiment (DCE), and to explore the feasibility of a rescaling latent DCE using anchoring tasks collected from adolescents.

Methods: An online survey was conducted to elicit preferences for EQ-5D-Y-5L health states from children (aged 12-15 years), adolescents (aged 16-17 years), and adults (aged ≥ 18 years). All respondents completed 12 latent DCE tasks.

"It Became More and More Important to Bring the World Into the House": Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators to a Culturally Inclusive Dementia-Friendly Community.

Dementia-friendly communities can increase community participation and social wellbeing for people impacted by dementia. However, culturally and linguistically diverse people have typically been excluded or underrepresented from dementia-friendly community design processes. This study aimed to establish the factors that affect community engagement for culturally and linguistically diverse people impacted by dementia, and their suggestions for a dementia-friendly community in Canterbury-Bankstown, Australia.

'I am not your friend': contract in counselling and psychotherapy.

The largest professional body of counsellors in Australia defines the relationship between counsellor and client as contractual 'and nothing else'. While contract law has been traditionally associated with 'rational', arms-length, commercial relationships, counselling and psychotherapy have been associated with intimate, emotional relationships, work, and exchange. What is the significance, therefore, of these seemingly dissonant discourses coming together in the counselling and therapeutic relationship? Is there a place for formal and distant contract law in the flexible and intimate therapy room? This article examines the role of contract in counselling and psychotherapy, and rather than finding a dissonance, it finds an important and productive relationship between the two.

Deciphering the function of Com_YlbF domain-containing proteins in .

The Com_YlbF domain-containing proteins inhibit sporulation, competition, and biofilm formation by affecting the activity of ribonuclease RNase-Y in . Similar Com_YlbF proteins are found in , but their function is yet to be determined. This study investigates the role of Com_YlbF domain-containing proteins (Qrp/YheA, YmcA, and YlbF) in by evaluating the impact of , , and gene deletion on biofilm formation, PIA/PNAG production, and hemolytic capacity.

In situ and localized primary invasive pregnancy-associated melanoma: Maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Background: Pregnancy-associated melanoma (PAM) is melanoma diagnosed during pregnancy or the 12 months postpartum. There is long-standing debate regarding the impact of pregnancy on melanoma prognosis. Previous studies have analysed pooled data from PAM diagnoses of all stages, so findings may not reflect outcomes associated with the diagnosis of in situ or localized PAM that are more commonly diagnosed than later stage PAM.