Catalytic Mechanism of the Bacterial Non-Heme Fe(II) and 2-Oxoglutarate Dependent Enzyme AlkB with Single-Stranded DNA Containing Complex Guanine Adducts.

The bacterial nonheme Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent enzyme AlkB repairs alkylation damages in single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) nucleotide bases. This study examines for the first time the reaction mechanism of the AlkB-catalyzed repair of alkylated and exocyclic guanine adducts (GAs) in single-stranded DNA induced by everyday chemical exposures associated with cancers and other genetic disorders. The studied substrates include N2-furfurylguanine (FF-dG), N2-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methylguanine (HF-dG), 3-(2'-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one (α-OH-PdG), 3-(2'-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one (γ-OH-PdG), and 3-(2'-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl) pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one (MdG).

Proactive assisted gene flow for Caribbean corals in an era of rapid coral reef decline.

Regulatory action could facilitate cross-border efforts to retain ecosystem function.

Psychological and Physical Health of a Preterm Birth Cohort at Age 35 Years.

Importance: The US's longest-running preterm birth cohort study is nearing its 40th anniversary. With rising survival rates for preterm birth, understanding adult health outcomes is essential; early life medical risk trajectories are hypothesized to lead to poorer outcomes by age 35 years.

Objective: To examine how early life medical risk is associated with psychological and physiological health in adulthood, highlighting the supportive roles of social protection and childhood socioeconomic status (SES).

Pharmacist Roles Enhancing Substance Use Disorder Treatment Access, Continuation, and Education in a Problem-Solving Court.

Problem-solving courts (PSCs) are major diversionary programs in the United States (U.S.) criminal legal system, mandating substance use and mental health treatment as an alternative to incarceration.

Report of the 2024-2025 Strategic Engagement Committee.

The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) has long prioritized strategic engagement, recognizing the important role it plays in the fulfillment of institutional missions, the success of pharmacy education, the advancement of pharmacy and public health practice, and the meeting of programmatic needs. The 2024-2025 Strategic Engagement Committee (SEC) was charged to compile a catalog of best practices for state-level advocacy activities that leverage the influence of colleges of pharmacy, state boards of pharmacy, and state pharmacy associations in collaboration with Advocacy Champions. The 2024-2025 SEC was also charged with developing a tactical agenda for AACP and member institutions to increase the engagement of student pharmacists in professional, regulatory, and legislative advocacy, including a catalog of best practices for teaching advocacy skills to student pharmacists.

Parenchymal and Dyshoric Fibrillar Amyloid Pathology in the rTg-D Rat Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Type-2.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common age-related disorder, a prominent comorbidity of Alzheimer disease (AD), and causes vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. A previously developed novel transgenic rat model (rTg-D) expresses the human familial CAA Dutch E22Q mutant amyloid β-protein in brain with hemizygous (HEM) animals developing arteriolar CAA type-2 pathology. In this study, homozygous (HOM) rTg-D rats developed more extensive CAA type-2, characterized by abundant fibrillar amyloid accumulation, including parenchymal congophilic plaques and dyshorrhic vascular amyloid.

Underrepresentation of Participants From Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Groups: A Secondary Analysis of the Cognitive Rehabilitation Literature.

Objective: To examine the inclusion of people with brain injury from racially and ethnically marginalized groups in cognitive rehabilitation clinical trials.

Data Sources: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Cicerone et al (2019) cognitive rehabilitation review.

Study Selection: Of the originally included studies, we excluded those not conducted in the United States, along with case studies and case series studies.

Diversity in opioid-related stigma interventions: A systematic review.

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a highly stigmatized, debilitating condition affecting millions in the U.S., with stigma posing a major barrier to treatment engagement, retention, and outcomes.

Temporal regulation of metabolic processes in the marine diazotroph WH 8501.

Marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria play a crucial role in oceanic nitrogen cycling, supporting primary production and ecosystem balance. WH8501 exemplifies this ability by temporally separating photosynthesis and diazotrophy to sustain metabolism. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying this process, we employed LC/MS-MS proteomics in a diel culturing experiment, revealing tightly coordinated protein abundance patterns.

Design of egocentric network-based studies to estimate causal effects under interference.

Many public health interventions are conducted in settings where individuals are connected and the intervention assigned to some individuals may spill over to other individuals. In these settings, we can assess: (a) the individual effect on the treated, (b) the spillover effect on untreated individuals through an indirect exposure to the intervention, and (c) the overall effect on the whole population. Here, we consider an egocentric network-based randomized design in which a set of index participants is recruited and randomly assigned to treatment, while data are also collected on their untreated network members.

Momentary dynamics of intimate partner violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms among women: The influence of positive emotion dysregulation.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) are a major public health burden. Yet, there is a need to better understand how IPV and PTSS relate over time. One understudied factor that may influence the IPV-PTSS association is dysregulation stemming from positive emotions.

Early mutation is positively selected but epistatically suppresses evolution of later esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma drivers.

Background: Somatic mutations commonly accumulate in histologically normal tissues and contribute to cancer development. However, many somatic variants found at high frequencies in normal tissues are also found at high frequencies in cancers arising from the same tissue types. Consequently, the roles of these variants in cancer development remain poorly understood.

Regulation of multiple paralogs of a small subunit ribosomal protein in .

is a highly infectious human pathogen that must replicate inside macrophage to cause disease. The ribosomes of can incorporate one of three different paralogs for the small ribosomal subunit protein bS21. One of these paralogs positively impacts translation of key virulence genes and promotes intramacrophage replication.

Heightened menopausal symptoms mediate the associations between stress and depressive symptoms among midlife women.

Objectives: Investigate associations between stress, cortisol, menopause symptoms, and depression in a sample of midlife women. Because stress has been associated with greater menopause symptoms, we examined this as a mediator for the association between stress and depressive symptoms.

Methods: Data from a cross-sectional study of 118 women (40-64 y old) were analyzed.

Specialization of Sesquiterpene Lactone Metabolites in Plant Defense.

Tulip trees ( and ), members of the Magnolia family, are known for their distinctive morphology and ecological significance, but their chemical diversity remains understudied. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of an array of sesquiterpene lactones (SQLs) produced by . Through comprehensive chemical analysis, including high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we identified a series of STLs with distinct bioactivity profiles.

Dismantling open-label placebos and their rationales: A remote 4-arm randomized controlled trial protocol.

Objective: To explore the effect of rationales on placebos described honestly as inactive pills, (open-label placebos; OLPs) on chronic pain.

Design: Dismantling 4-arm randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Remote study with United-States residents.

Consistency Is Key: A Secondary Analysis of Wearable Motion Sensor Accuracy Measuring Knee Angles Across Activities of Daily Living Before and After Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Monitoring knee range of motion (ROM) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) via clinically deployed wearable motion sensors is increasingly common. Prior work from our own lab showed promising results in one wearable motion sensor system; however, we did not investigate errors across different activities. Accordingly, herein we conducted secondary analyses of error using wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) quantifying sagittal knee angles across activities in TKA patients.

Evaluating the kidney disease progression using a comprehensive patient profiling algorithm: A hybrid clustering approach.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to an approximate ninefold increased risk for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite this, many AKI survivors lack proper nephrology follow-up, highlighting the urgent need to identify patient profiles before onset CKD. Thus, we aimed to develop a patient profiling algorithm to identify clinical phenotypes from AKI to CKD progression.

Predictors of adherence to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an application of the theory of planned behavior.

Background: Non-adherence to medication therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is prevalent. Theoretical models have been used to identify the proximal determinants of behavior.

Aim: To identify the direct psychosocial predictors of adherence to insulin therapy based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), among outpatients with DM2.

Highly siloed nutrient pathways fuel meso-predator fishes on coral reefs.

Ecologists have long sought mechanisms to explain the productivity and diversity of coral reef communities while simultaneously seeking to predict the vulnerability and resilience of said communities to environmental change. We used compound-specific stable isotope analysis to examine how different sources of primary production support coral reef food webs. We found multiple lines of evidence for distinct end-member use among three Lutjanid snapper species that are typically considered "generalist" predators and thought to feed on multiple production sources on reefs.

Sexual orientation-related victimization and posttrauma reckless and self-destructive behaviors in trauma-exposed sexual minority adults.

Objective: Sexual minority adults report disproportionately higher rates of trauma exposure (including exposure to sexual minority-specific traumatic events) and frequent engagement in posttrauma reckless and self-destructive behaviors (RSDBs). However, research has yet to examine factors that may help explain the association between sexual minority-specific trauma exposure (i.e.

Dynamics of microbial communities in Western Antarctic Peninsula waters shaped primarily by the biological interactions.

Marine Antarctic microbial communities inhabit highly dynamic and extreme environments, characterized by deep vertical mixing, seasonal ice cover, and fluctuating light availability. Understanding the interplay between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in such systems is critical to elucidate ecosystem function and biogeochemical cycling in the Southern Ocean. The current study presents a comprehensive three-year high-throughput analysis of phytoplankton-bacterioplankton interactions in the waters of Wilhelm Archipelago, elucidating interseasonal and interannual microbial dynamics.

Historical ecology of the Southern Central American Pacific coast.

The Pacific coast of the Southern Central American Isthmus is a highly productive and biodiverse region with a rich human history. Although the interaction of the oceans, climate, biodiversity and early human systems has shaped the region's ecology, research has remained largely disconnected, arising independently from discrete disciplines. To unite this disparate research, we reviewed and synthesized the historical ecology of the Isthmus from the Last Glacial Maximum to the rise of industrial fishing in the 1950s.

Empirical evidence that glucan-interacting amino acid side chains within the transmembrane channel collectively facilitate cellulose synthase function.

The fundamental mechanism of cellulose synthesis is widely conserved across Kingdoms and depends on cellulose synthases, which are processive, dual-function, family 2 glycosyltransferases (GT-2). These enzymes polymerize glucose on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and export the glucan chain to the cell surface through an integral transmembrane (TM) channel. Structural studies of active plant cellulose synthases (CESAs) have revealed interactions between the nascent glucan chain and the side chains of polar, charged, and aromatic amino acid residues that line the TM channel.

Digital Patient-Reported Cancer Symptom Management: Comparison of Black and White Participants.

Introduction: Digital symptom monitoring effectively reduces symptom burden in cancer patients receiving treatment. However, concerns persist about whether digital interventions are equitable across racial groups, and limited studies have reported on differences between racial groups. This secondary analysis compared engagement, satisfaction, and cancer symptom reduction benefits in Black and White participants utilizing an electronic capture of patient-reported outcome (ePRO) reporting system, symptom care at home (SCH), throughout chemotherapy.