Off-the-Shelf Large Language Models for Guiding Pharmacoepidemiological Study Design.

This study aimed to assess the ability of two off-the-shelf large language models, ChatGPT and Gemini, to support the design of pharmacoepidemiological studies. We assessed 48 study protocols of pharmacoepidemiological studies published between 2018 and 2024, covering various study types, including disease epidemiology, drug utilization, safety, and effectiveness. The coherence (i.

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Intentionally Interprofessional Collaboration.

Although high-quality and holistic specialty palliative care is delivered by an interprofessional team, little guidance is available to optimize approaches to and sustainment of such teamwork. This article supports individuals to practice at the top of their education, clinical training, and scope of practice while maximizing the functionality of the palliative care team as a whole. We intentionally use the term rather than to clarify that we are focused on collaboration of team members who represent multiple professions or occupations that require specialized training and meet ethical standards (e.

Metabolic biochemical models of N fixation for sulfide oxidizers, methanogens, and methanotrophs.

Dinitrogen (N) fixation provides bioavailable nitrogen to the biosphere. However, in some habitats (e.g.

The immeasurable value of plankton to humanity.

Plankton, a diverse group of aquatic organisms, make Earth livable, regulate aquatic life, and provide benefits to human societies such as access to clean water, food security, and well-being. They also support economies and inspire biotechnological innovations. This article aims to raise awareness of the value of plankton to humanity and serves as an informative guide for aquatic professionals, policymakers, and anyone interested in plankton.

Postsurgical Pain, Psychosocial Functioning, and Cannabis Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults Undergoing Gender-Affirming Surgery.

Purpose: Little is known about transgender and gender expansive (TGE) adolescents' and young adults' (AYAs') pain and psychosocial experiences in the acute postsurgical period following gender-affirming surgery (GAS). This study describes pain symptomatology and psychosocial functioning within 1 month after GAS among TGE AYAs, examines immediate postsurgical associations of cannabis use with pain symptomatology, pain catastrophizing, and psychosocial functioning, and explores pain persistence, cannabis use, and psychosocial functioning in a subgroup of individuals 6 months after surgery.

Methods: AYAs ( = 64) underwent GAS at a large academic medical center in the Pacific Northwest between March 2019 and June 2023.

What Survivors of Sexual Violence Want When Disclosing Their Experiences in Person or Online: Qualitative Interview Analysis.

Background: Survivors of sexual victimization face a critical juncture when disclosing their experiences. How others react to their disclosure can significantly influence survivors' psychological well-being.

Objective: We aimed to address how survivors of sexual victimization would like to be supported when disclosing their experiences either in person or online.

What Is Clinical Empathy in Anesthesiology? Perspectives From Practicing Anesthesiologists.

Background: To train and encourage providers to be more empathic, it is crucial to first understand what behaviors providers consider acts of empathy in clinical practice. Research has asked this important question of patients and certain physician specialties, but has left out a unique physician population-anesthesiologists. Given the link between patients' preoperative anxiety and poorer postoperative outcomes, anesthesiologists' ability to address patients' needs effectively, particularly during shorter interactions with new patients, may impact patient outcomes.

A foliar disease of invasive black swallow-wort () caused by .

Black swallow-wort () is an aggressive invasive vine infesting pastures and fields in the northeastern United States. An unknown fungal pathogen was recovered from foliar lesions occurring on black swallow-wort at two locations in Rhode Island in 2022 and was identified as based on morphological and molecular descriptions of eight isolates. The potential weed biological control value of a single isolate, FDWSRU 22-216, was evaluated through colonized agar block and conidial spray inoculations of black swallow-wort.

Identifying Distinct Symptom Clusters in Older Adults Living With HIV in the United States: A Latent Class Analysis.

As the number of older people living with HIV (PLWH) continues to grow, many experience a high symptom burden that negatively affects quality of life. Identifying symptom subgroups can help inform targeted interventions. Our study explored symptom patterns among older PLWH and their associations with self-rated health.

Early-life nutritional supplementation protects against home environmental risks in Ghanaian children's social-emotional development.

Introduction: This study examines how an early-life small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) interacts with the home environment to influence Ghanaian children's social-emotional functioning at preschool age.

Method: In a randomized controlled trial, 1,320 Ghanaian women received either daily LNS, multiple micronutrients (MMN) or iron and folic acid (IFA) during pregnancy through 6 months postpartum. Infants in the LNS group received the daily supplement from 6 to 18 months.

Enhancing Optical Properties and Stability of DNA-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes with Cryoprotectant-Mediated Lyophilization.

The long-term optical performance and stability of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with single-stranded DNA are critical for their application in near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence biological sensing and imaging. However, the aggregation of such DNA-SWCNTs during storage presents a significant challenge. Here, we explored the use of lyophilization combined with various cryoprotectants to enhance the long-term stability and reconstitution of DNA-SWCNTs at room temperature.

Ethical dimensions and societal implications: ensuring the social responsibility of CRISPR technology.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a breakthrough genome-editing platform that can cut chosen DNA sequences with unprecedented speed, accuracy, and affordability. By reprogramming a single guide RNA, researchers now alter gene function, correct pathogenic variants, or introduce novel traits. Earlier tools such as zinc-finger nucleases and TALENs performed similar tasks but were significantly more complex and costly.

The Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Scale: Youth Report Form in Inpatient and Partial Hospital Settings.

The Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Scale (MAPS) was developed to assess a wide range of behaviors across positive and negative domains of parenting. This study aims to expand the utility of the MAPS by evaluating a youth-report version which provides an additional perspective on parenting practices. The study evaluated the youth-report form of the MAPS (MAPS-Y) in a large clinical population ( = 628) ranging from middle childhood (8-12) to adolescence (13-17) who were admitted to partial and inpatient psychiatric units.

Impulsivity Facets, Social Norms, and Co-Use of Alcohol and Cannabis.

Compared to alcohol-only use, co-use of alcohol and cannabis is becoming increasingly more common. Impulsivity and perceived norms are two factors related to increased substance use among young adults, but few studies have examined their role in co-use. The purpose of this study was to examine whether impulsivity facets moderated the associations between perceived norms (descriptive and injunctive) for co-use frequency.

The manufacturing process and consequent occupational health and environmental risks associated with the use of plastic waste in construction bricks in small-scale recycling plants.

The rapid escalation of plastic production has prompted researchers to seek innovative and sustainable methods for recycling plastic waste to prevent its accumulation in landfills and mitigate its adverse effects on the environment and human health. One way is by incorporating plastic waste into construction materials. This study imparts a review on the application of plastic waste in the production of construction bricks through mechanical recycling processes, with a specific focus on compiling information on the manufacturing process as well as identifying potential emissions, occupational health hazards, and environmental risks.

Perfluorinated carbon chain length drives uptake of diverse Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in field-deployed passive samplers.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of compounds of high concern due to their ubiquity, persistence, and adverse health impacts. With a diversity of chemical structures and properties, detection tools are needed to capture as many PFAS as possible. In this study, a microporous polyethylene tube (MPT) passive sampler was calibrated for 25 target compounds, 8 suspect PFAS and extractable organofluorine (EOF) during 1-2 week deployments in groundwater, a freshwater river, and estuary contaminated by aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF).

Economic, socio-emotional, and food security conditions during COVID-19 pandemic among caregivers of young adolescents aged 10-12 yrs in a semi-urban setting in Ghana.

Background: Few studies have described the consequences of the COVID - 19 pandemic among caregivers of young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to explore the consequences of COVID-19 on economic, socio-emotional, and household food security conditions among caregivers of young adolescents in a semi-urban setting in the Eastern Region of Ghana.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, caregivers of young adolescents aged 10-12yrs in the Somanya-Kpong area were enrolled.

Key-Informant Perspectives On Pharmacy-Based Methadone Treatment For Opioid Use Disorder In The US.

Access to medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) in the pharmacy is internationally accepted; however, in the US, methadone treatment for OUD can only be provided by opioid treatment programs (OTPs). Under current US law, OTPs and pharmacies can partner to offer methadone in the pharmacy through "medication units." Changes to federal law could permit pharmacies to fill methadone prescriptions for OUD.

Examining the moderating role of adverse childhood experiences on the link between executive functioning and depressive/anger rumination among adolescents.

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are theorized to amplify the effects of poor executive functioning (EF) leading to rumination. Though, few studies test this hypothesis among adolescents. Rumination is a transdiagnostic risk factor linked to mental health problems.

A review of heat transport in solvated gold nanoparticles: Molecular dynamics modeling and experimental perspectives.

Turning gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into nanoscale heat sources light irradiation has prompted significant research interest, particularly for biomedical applications, over the past few decades. The AuNP's tunable photothermal effect, notable biocompatibility, and ability to serve as vehicles for temperature-sensitive chemical linkers enable thermo-therapeutics, such as localized drug/gene delivery and thermal ablation of cancerous tissue. Thermal transport in aqueous AuNP solutions stands as the fundamental challenge to developing targeted thermal therapies; thus, this review article surveys recent advancements in our understanding of heat transfer and surface chemistry in AuNPs, with a particular focus on thermal boundary conductance across gold- and functionalized-gold-water interfaces.

Stigma intersectionality and its impact on an epilepsy stigma self-management program.

Introduction: Perceived stigma is a common and distressing experience among people with epilepsy (PWE), particularly those with additional marginalized identities. Our team developed RISE ABOVE, a self-paced online stigma self-management program, to reduce stigma-related distress. This secondary analysis of pilot data examined how intersecting stigmas (i.

Are my Peers Impulsive? Normative Perceptions of Impulsivity and Associations with Personal Impulsivity and Alcohol Use Outcomes.

Objective: The present study examined whether individuals perceived their peers' impulsivity as different from their own impulsivity and if perceptions of peers' impulsivity moderated the associations between personal impulsivity and alcohol use and consequences.

Participants: Participants were 291 college student drinkers.

Methods: An online survey assessed impulsivity, peer norms of impulsivity, and alcohol use.

A comparison of the dorsomedial and the dorsolateral reach-to-grasp pathways' roles in response to virtual visual perturbations of object goal.

Traditional research approaches to the reach-to-grasp movement have employed real-world perturbations involving physical objects. Recent technological advances provide new avenues for the investigation of sensorimotor control including the use of Virtual Reality Environments (VE). In this study, we used an immersive VE to produce compelling perturbations of target object size and position and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to probe the neural bases of compensatory responses during grasping movements.

Association of Eliminating Waiting Periods for the Children's Health Insurance Program with Children's Enrollment.

Objectives: Prior to the Affordable Care Act (ACA), over two-thirds of states mandated that children had to be uninsured for set periods of time before enrolling in the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), referred to as waiting periods. The ACA required that waiting periods could not exceed 90 days, leading states to reduce and eliminate waiting periods in response. This study aimed to examine the association between state waiting period elimination under the ACA with children's enrollment in CHIP.

Characterizing the symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia (wSpic) and Spodoptera picta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): From genome to phenotype.

Wolbachia is a genus of symbiotic bacteria prevalent in arthropods, with diverse effects on host reproduction and fecundity; however, it is unclear how Wolbachia modulates the host reproductive system. In this study, a novel Wolbachia strain, wSpic, was identified in the Noctuid moth Spodoptera picta and its effect on the reproduction of this host was investigated. We sequenced and annotated the 1,339,720 bp genome of wSpic.