Using adaptive optics to assess hyporeflective clump speed and size in age-related macular degeneration in the PINNACLE Study. (PINNACLE Study Report 6).

Background/objectives: Hyporeflective clumps (HRC) are a common finding in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO) of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). They appear on optical coherence tomography (OCT) as hyperreflective foci (HRF) or abutting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer as RPE thickening. The cellular origin of HRF is debated between migrated RPE cells and mononuclear phagocytes (MP).

Predictors of health-related quality of life in older adults over a course of twelve years - Results from a large population-based study using a machine learning approach.

Background: The proportion of older people is growing dramatically, implying that predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults are of major interest within public health research.

Methods: Analyses were based on the ESTHER study, a German population-based cohort study conducted in the federal state of Saarland, Germany. The study was initiated in 2000-2002 and included 9940 community-dwelling older adults recruited via general practioners.

Analysis of skin immune cells in Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).

Examination of the immune content in Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) lesions reveals the putative role of skin-localised cytotoxic CD8 T cells in disease pathogenesis.

The effect of TERT promoter mutation on predicting meningioma outcomes: a multi-institutional cohort analysis.

Background: Molecular aberrations have been incorporated into tumour classification guidelines of meningioma. TERT-promoter (TERTp) mutation is associated with worse prognosis and is designated a WHO grade 3 biomarker. However, it remains unclear whether TERTp mutation is context-dependent, with other co-occurring genetic alterations potentially driving its association with prognosis.

Cancer neuroscience of brain metastasis: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

It is becoming increasingly clear that the nervous system and cancer execute an intimate crosstalk, influencing cancer initiation, growth, spread, and resistance mechanisms. Cancer, vice versa, can change the nervous system. These mostly harmful neuro-cancer interactions constitute the emerging field of "cancer neuroscience.

Safety and Efficacy of Perispinal Etanercept for Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background And Objectives: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability. Etanercept, a competitive tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor, has been proposed as a potential treatment for post-stroke impairments when given through a perispinal subcutaneous injection. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of perispinal etanercept in patients with chronic stroke.

The "most beautiful place" where "it's not possible to live": A qualitative study of relational well-being in an area of climate vulnerability, Bangladesh.

Purpose: Climate change is the greatest global health threat of the 21st century, but little is known about well-being in climate vulnerable populations. We investigate how well-being is shaped by common and unique stressors in an area of climate vulnerability in Bangladesh.

Methods: We present findings from 60 semi-structured in-depth interviews.

Evaluation of a digital health platform for preventing stroke in the Australian community: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - Love Your Brain.

Rationale: One in four people will have a stroke in their lifetime. Over 80% of strokes are preventable through the management of modifiable risk factors. There is a growing demand from the community for information about how to prevent stroke.

Pre-surgery gut microbial diversity and abundance are associated with post-surgery onset of cachexia in colorectal cancer patients: the ColoCare Study.

Background: Cachexia accounts for about 20% of all cancer-related deaths and it is indicative of poor prognosis and progressive functional impairment. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of cachexia in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has not been established.

Methods: Pre-surgical stool samples from n = 103 stage I-III CRC patients in the ColoCare Study were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina) to characterize fecal bacteria.

Re-Examination of the Reciprocal Relation Between Intrinsic Motivation and Competence Beliefs in Math Using the Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Framework.

Previous studies employing cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) found mixed results regarding reciprocal relations between competence beliefs and intrinsic motivation. CLPMs have been criticized for leading to erroneous causal inference in certain situations. Two datasets were analyzed regarding reciprocal relations between competence beliefs and intrinsic motivation with the alternative random-intercept cross-laged panel models (RI-CLPMs).

From protocol to practice: long-Term outcomes of single-Fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary non-Small cell lung cancer.

Background: Single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an effective treatment option for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are ineligible for surgery. This study investigates long-term clinical outcomes, prognostic factors, and toxicity associated with high-dose single-fraction SBRT.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 110 patients with 116 NSCLC lesions treated with single-fraction SBRT between 2000 and 2023.

Genetic and clinical risk factors for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: insights from a prospective cohort study in central Ethiopia.

Purpose: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a relevant adverse event of tuberculosis treatment (TBT) especially in sub-Saharan Africa, but data remains limited. Genetic hepatic transport proteins polymorphisms (HTPP) are potential contributors. This study aimed to assess frequency and timing of DILI, identify risk factors, and explore the association of HTPP with DILI risk in Ethiopian TBT-patients.

Schizophrenia and catatonia: from ICD-10 to ICD-11.

The classification of psychotic disorders has undergone a variety of changes. Since Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum's (Kahlbaum 1874) first descriptions of catatonic states and Emil Kraepelin's (Kraepelin 1883) nosological classification of psychotic syndromes in the second half of the nineteenth century, the diagnostic criteria for these disorders have been repeatedly modified, significantly impacting clinical practice. Eugen Bleuler (Bleuler 1911) coined the term "schizophrenia", emphasizing the disturbances in thinking, feeling and acting that he had observed.

Functional Thoracic MRI: Recent Advances in Pulmonary Assessment.

Functional thoracic MRI provides regional assessment of the three principal components of lung function: ventilation, perfusion, and gas exchange. It offers advantages over pulmonary function tests like spirometry, which yield only global measurements. MRI enables comprehensive evaluation of respiratory mechanics, including chest wall and diaphragm motion, dynamic large airway instability, and lung ventilation using various contrast mechanisms and gas agents.

Graphene-Enhanced Plasmonic Interfaces: A General Strategy for Highly Sensitive Detection of Biomolecular Interactions.

The detection of cells and viruses is essential for research and clinical applications, creating a demand for high-performance biosensors. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enables label-free, real-time detection and is highly promising for healthcare, including point-of-care diagnostics. However, its performance is often limited in complex biological systems.

Re-Visiting the Content Validity of the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS-26).

Clinical supervision is widely regarded as an important part of both pre-graduate and post-registration education and training of healthcare professionals. To ensure comprehensive implementation of effective supervision practices, it is crucial that supervisors, healthcare organisations and researchers have valid and reliable instruments to measure these practices. The Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS) is the most widely used instrument for measuring supervision effectiveness in nursing and allied health.

LET measurements in proton and helium-ion beams of therapeutic energies using a silicon pixel detector towards a tool for quality assurance.

Background: As advanced treatment plans increasingly include optimizing both dose and linear energy transfer (LET), there is a growing demand for tools to measure LET in clinical settings. Although various detection systems have been investigated in this pursuit, the scarcity of detectors capable of providing per-ion data for a fast and streamlined verification of LET distributions remains an issue. Silicon pixel detector technology bridges this gap by enabling rapid tracking of single-ion energy deposition.

Low prevalence of moderate to severe osteoarthritis at long-term follow-up after combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and lateral extra-articular procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To determine the long-term risk of osteoarthritis following combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and lateral extra-articular procedures (LEAP).

Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple databases (EMBASE, OVID Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus) was independently conducted by two reviewers according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies reporting on the rates of osteoarthritis following primary, arthroscopic ACLR combined with LEAP and a minimum 5-year follow-up were eligible for inclusion.

One pathogen does not an epidemic make: a review of interacting contagions, diseases, beliefs, and stories.

From pathogens and computer viruses to genes and memes, contagion models have found widespread utility across the natural and social sciences. Despite their success and breadth of adoption, the approach and structure of these models remain surprisingly siloed by field. Given the siloed nature of their development and widespread use, one persistent assumption is that a given contagion can be studied in isolation, independently from what else might be spreading in the population.

Results in pediatric T-ALL patients treated in trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009: Prognostic factors in the context of modern risk-adapted therapy.

To improve the outcome of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients, the AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009 trial modified T-ALL stratification and treatment based on AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 and other pediatric ALL groups' results. This report aims to describe the outcome of T-ALL patients in trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009 and evaluate prognostic features defined within the end of induction (EOI) therapy, for future protocols stratification and interventions. From 06/2010 to 02/2017, 872 T-ALL patients, aged 1-17, were enrolled.

An in-depth analysis of research on posthepatectomy liver failure (2006-2024): exploring trends and future directions through a bibliometric approach.

Objective: This study aims to identify global hotspots and future trends within the research on posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF).

Design: Bibliometric analysis through science mapping and performance analysis.

Data Sources: The Web of Science Core Collection.

Risk-minimizing tube current and tube voltage modulation for CT: A simulation study.

Background: The optimal tube voltage in clinical CT depends on the patient's attenuation and the imaging task. Although the patient's attenuation changes with view angle and longitudinal position of the X-ray tube, the tube voltage remains constant throughout the scan in current clinical practice. In general, the optimum tube voltage increases with patient diameter.

Multiple Mammalian Cytokines and Erythropoietin-Mimetic Peptides Protect Insect Neurons via Phylogenetically Conserved Cytokine Receptor-Like Factor 3 (CRLF3).

Erythropoietin (Epo) and its non-erythropoietic splice variant EV-3 have demonstrated potent neuroprotective effects across species, although the respective mechanisms are variable and incompletely understood. Unlike vertebrates, insects lack both Epo and the classical Epo receptor but express Cytokine Receptor-Like Factor 3 (CRLF3), a conserved type I receptor that serves as a neuroprotective receptor for Epo and EV-3 in insects and human iPSC-derived neuron-like cells. Insects, which express CRLF3 but lack all other group 1 type I cytokine receptors, represent a suitable model to study the function of CRLF3 in neuroprotection.