Exploring body donation communication with large language models: Accuracy, readability, and ethical considerations.

Educational materials advocating whole-body donation must be accurate, easy to read, and transparent, as one potential solution to the fact that the supply of donations is not keeping pace with educational demand, thereby disrupting anatomy education programs. The use of AI technologies to supplement communications with prospective donors and next of kin deserves investigation to determine whether LLM-based approaches meet the common requirements for effective communication. This study contributes to the limited literature on LLM-supported communications by presenting a comparative quantitative benchmark and an adaptable evaluation framework.

Life Saving Skills in Dental Practice: Self-Perceived Preparedness of Dental Students to Manage Medical Emergencies.

Introduction: Recognition and management of medical emergencies in dental practice is an essential topic area in dental education. However, limited published research on the topic is available from dental institutions in lower-middle income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the teaching methodologies and self-reported confidence of dental undergraduate (predoctoral) students in the management of medical emergencies likely to be encountered in clinical dental practice.

Aging and Voice: A Pilot Study Investigating Aerodynamic and Acoustic Measurements in Older Adults.

Objectives: In individuals over 65, age is an essential factor in voice changes. Acoustic and aerodynamic norms guide clinicians in interpreting clinical voice assessment results. This study aimed to present aerodynamic-acoustic voice measurements in older individuals with no voice complaints.

Whole genome characterisation of DS-1-like G8P[4] rotavirus A strains circulating in South Africa between 2009 and 2021 reveals endemic sub-lineages and evidence of radical epitope changes.

The sub-Saharan African region bears the highest burden of rotavirus-associated morbidity and mortality, with substantial genetic diversity observed in circulating strains despite vaccine introduction. The G8 genotype, originally predominant in bovine strains, has increasingly become prevalent in humans, suggesting a possible interface of animal-to-human transmission and highlighting its role in African strain diversity. In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis of 21 archival G8P[4] strains collected through gastroenteritis surveillance in South Africa between 2009 and 2021 from children under five years of age.

Effect-based and (non-)target chemical analyses reveal concerning levels of emerging contaminants in urban streams in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Water contamination by micropollutants is a global issue, yet there is limited information from low-income regions. To address this, we evaluated surface water quality in rapidly growing Sub-Saharan area of Malawi lacking wastewater treatment. Integrated assessment of passive sample extracts representing wet and dry seasons combined effect-based approach with in vitro bioassays, target and non-target chemical analyses (NTS).

European survey on metabolic and cardiovascular risk in Cushing syndrome.

Background: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and morbidities. Evidence-based guidelines for the management of these issues in active or remitted CS are not available, so best practice is derived from guidelines developed for the general population. We aimed to evaluate the awareness and practice variation for CV comorbidities of CS across Reference Centres (RCs) of the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN).

Huntington's chorea: emerging fields in therapeutics (Review).

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. It is caused by CAG repeat expansions in the HTT gene, resulting in the formation of mutant huntingtin protein that aggregates and disrupts neuronal function. This review outlines the pathogenesis of HD, including genetic, molecular, and environmental factors.

Probiotics Co-administered with LCM Enhance Antiepileptic Efficacy in the Experimental Post-traumatic Epilepsy Model.

The aim of the presented study was to investigate the effects of prebiotic inulin, probiotic VSL#3 (mixture of bacteria from 7 different species and 8 strains) and synbiotic (inulin + VSL#3) supplements applied together with lacosamide (LCM) on post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). In addition, effectiveness of the relevant treatments on comorbid problems related to learning and memory, anxiety, motor performance and pain threshold that may develop together with seizures due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and PTE was also examined using behavioral tests. In experiments, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, were given 30 mg/kg LCM or 1000 mg/kg inulin together with LCM as prebiotic, VSL#3 mixture containing 10 × 10 CFU/kg bacterial colonies as probiotic and (inulin + VSL#3) as synbiotic for 28 days by oral gavage after mild-TBI was induced by weight-drop method and electroencephalogram electrodes were placed.

Psychiatry vs. medicine editor-in-chiefs' research publications in their own journals before, during, and after their tenures - An exploratory study.

Objective: To compare self-publication rates by editors-in-chief (EICs) of psychiatry vs. medicine journals before, during, and after their editorships.

Methods: Frequency of self-publication by 25 psychiatry EICs and 22 medicine EICs across seven journals in each specialty was determined for 5 years before, the years during, and 5 years after their tenures.

Pde5a deficiency prevents diet-induced obesity via adipose cAMP-PKA activation enhancing fat browning.

Cyclic nucleotides are critical regulators of adaptive thermogenesis and adipogenesis, with their intracellular levels finely tuned by phosphodiesterases. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5A) modulates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in adipocytes. While PDE5A inhibition has shown promise in patients with diabetes, its role in metabolism remains unclear.

Comparison of Anatomical and Physiological Indices of Angiographically Intermediate Left Main Coronary Artery Stenoses.

Although physiologic evaluation (e.g., fractional flow reserve) of intermediate lesions is well established in other coronary arteries, the left main coronary artery (LMCA) exhibits diagnostic challenges, hindering development of physiology-based decision-making algorithms.

Comparison of robotic and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgical technique procedures in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy during endometrial cancer surgery.

Objective: The role of sentinel lymph node dissection in the surgical management of endometrial cancer limited to the uterus is gaining recognition. The safety and applicability of two methods were assessed by examining the results of our patients in the identification of the sentinel lymph node during endometrial cancer surgery. The methods were robotic surgery, a critical component of minimally invasive surgery, and the vNOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery Technique), which has recently been introduced for malignant indications.

Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking of Triazole-Coumarin Hybrids as Potent Breast Cancer Inhibitors Targeting Cell Cycle and Apoptosis.

Breast cancer continues to pose a significant global health burden, highlighting the urgent need for novel chemotherapeutic agents with improved selectivity and reduced toxicity. In this study, we rationally designed and synthesized six novel amide-bridged triazole-coumarin hybrids (5a-f) based on the known anticancer potential of both pharmacophores. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and MDA─MB─231 breast cancer cell lines and non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells.

Economic burden and cost-effectiveness of treatments for open tibia fractures in Malawi: Economic analysis of a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Open tibia fractures result in substantial lifelong disability for patients, and are expensive to treat. As the injury typically affects young working men, the societal costs from open tibia fractures are likely to also be high in low income countries, but remain largely unknown. We therefore investigated the overall societal costs and cost-effectiveness of different orthopaedic treatments at one year following an open tibia fracture in Malawi.

Forms of interventions for problematic usage of the internet: A scoping review.

Background And Aims: This scoping review aims to identify current forms of interventions for Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) to inform more effective intervention and policy-making initiatives grounded in robust empirical evidence.

Methods: The search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases until October 12, 2024. Empirical research presenting data on interventions for PUI and written in English was included without restrictions of age groups, types of interventions, or types of PUI.

A comprehensive classification and depth analysis of the transverse facial artery based on cadaveric and radiological evidence.

The transverse facial artery is a key vascular structure supplying the lateral face and is critically important in surgical procedures such as facelifts, facial trauma repair, and injectable treatments. However, detailed anatomical studies on the transverse facial artery remain scarce. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the anatomical variations, depth, branching patterns and clinical significance of the transverse facial artery (TFA) using both cadaveric dissection and computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Serum albumin demonstrates comparable or superior prognostic value compared to albumin-based ratios in sepsis.

Background: Serum albumin is a well-known biomarker in sepsis, and several albumin-based ratios have been proposed to enhance its prognostic performance. However, it remains unclear whether these composite indices outperform serum albumin alone in predicting outcomes in septic patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study including 413 adult patients with sepsis admitted to the Intermediate Care Unit of Santorso Hospital, Italy, between January 2023 and June 2024.

Management of Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) 4 thoracolumbar fractures after natural disasters: Comparative outcomes of conservative and surgical treatments following the 2023 Türkiye earthquake.

Background: This study examines the outcomes of conservative versus surgical treatment for Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) 4 thoracolumbar fractures in patients injured during the 2023 Türkiye earthquake. It aims to assess clinical and radiographic outcomes while considering the impact of crush syndrome-related complications on treatment decisions.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with TLICS 4 spinal injuries were evaluated and divided into surgical (n=12) and conservative (n=11) groups.

Pediatric burns in low-income countries: An example from Somalia.

Background: Epidemiological data are needed to develop pediatric burn prevention strategies and guide interventions in low-and middle-income countries.

Methods: In this observational retrospective study, the characteristics of 140 consecutive pediatric patients who were hospitalized and treated for burns at the Burns Unit of a hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, between November 2022 and April 2024 were analyzed.

Results: The patients included 50% males and 50% females, with a mean age of 4.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with thoracic injuries: Is it safe?

Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients with blunt thoracic trauma, with particular focus on crush injuries sustained during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with documented thoracic trauma who underwent HBOT at a tertiary care center were included. HBOT was delivered at 2.

Is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography a reliable procedure in advanced age? A single tertiary center experience.

Background: This study aimed to determine the reliability and efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in elderly patients compared with younger patients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, ERCP procedures performed in our endoscopy unit between December 2020 and October 2024 were reviewed. Elderly patients aged ≥80 years (AA group) and younger patients aged <65 years (control group) were included.

Efficacy of Cerebral Embolic Protection Device in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is widely used to treat severe aortic stenosis; however, periprocedural stroke remains a significant concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate whether the use of cerebral embolic protection devices (CEPDs) during TAVR reduces the risk of stroke and other complications. To conduct a network meta-analysis of relevant trials to assess the efficacy of CEPDs currently used in TAVR.