Mechanistic insights and nanomedicine innovations of oligomeric proanthocyanidin in precision oncology: Ablating self-renewal capacity of metastatic cancer stem cells via multi-pathway modulation.

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), condensed tannins found plentiful in grape seeds and berries, have higher bioavailability and therapeutic benefits due to their low degree of polymerization. Recent evidence places OPCs as effective modulators of cancer stem cell (CSC) plasticity and tumor growth. Mechanistically, OPCs orchestrate multi-pathway inhibition by destabilizing Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT3, and Hedgehog pathways, triggering β-catenin degradation, silencing stemness regulators (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2), and stimulating tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miR-200, miR-34a).

GenoDense-Net: unraveling the genomic puzzle of the global pathogen.

The respiratory system of humans is impacted by infectious and deadly illnesses like COVID-19. Early identification and diagnosis of this type of illness is essential to stop the infection from spreading further. In the present research, we presented a technique for determining the condition using COVID-19's current genome sequences employing the DenseNet-16 framework.

Role of Peat Moss (Sphagnum) in Reduction of Environmental Toxicity in Correlation with Various Microbes.

Peat moss (Sphagnum) plays a crucial role in extenuating the environmental toxicity by swaying the microbial activity and acting as a natural filter for removing pollutants. The peatlands help in the purification of water by filtering out the contaminants and decomposing organic matter by creating anaerobic conditions that create impacts on microbial communities. Additionally, Sphagnum pays for carbon sequestration that makes a positive impact in the carbon sinks process for peatlands.

Unveiling the catalytic potential of silicomolybdic acid in crafting diverse biologically relevant organic compounds.

Silicomolybdic acid (SMA) is a widely explored heteropoly acid with key advantages, including easy recovery, safer handling, and strong acid strength. In this study, we report the first comprehensive application of SMA, a Keggin-type heteropoly acid, as an efficient and reusable Lewis acid catalyst for the synthesis of a range of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The catalytic performance of SMA was demonstrated in the synthesis of biologically relevant chromene, imidazopyrimidine, xanthene, and benzylidene malononitrile derivatives one-pot multicomponent reactions.

Investigation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Potential, Soil Nutriology, and Molecular Docking Study of Bioactive Compounds of Eleusine coracana (Finger Millet), Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl Millet), and Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum).

Background: Being nutricereals with recognized nutritional content, bioactive components, and therapeutic prospects, millets support agronomic relevance and dietary value objectives of sustainable development.

Method: The present study investigated soil health and nutriology, phyto-compounds (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS] profiling), proximate composition, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and HO (peroxide) scavenging activity, antimicrobial potential, of Eleusine coracana, Pennisetum glaucum, and Sorghum bicolor cultivated in Panchal, Bankura, West Bengal, India.

Key Results: The soil texture is sandy clay loam in nature, and iron content was found maximum among the micronutrients present in the soil.

OptiSelect and EnShap: Integrating machine learning and game theory for ischemic stroke prediction.

Stroke analysis using game theory and machine learning techniques. The study investigates the use of the Shapley value in predictive ischemic brain stroke analysis. Initially, preference algorithms identify the most important features in various machine learning models, including logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor, decision tree, support vector machine (linear kernel), support vector machine ( RBF kernel), neural networks, etc.

Genetic overlap between sarcoidosis and lung cancer: a combined in silico and in vitro approach.

Sarcoidosis patients exhibit an elevated risk of developing lung cancer (LC), suggesting shared genetic and molecular mechanisms between these conditions. This study aimed to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sarcoidosis and LC and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a repurposable drug targeting these shared genes. Gene expression datasets (GSE157671 and GSE229253) were analyzed to identify overlapping DEGs, with validation performed using additional GEO datasets and the GEPIA tool.

In silico Analysis to Search for an Alternative Inhibitor of Biofilm Production by Helicobacter pylori.

Introduction: Antibiotic Resistance is a growing concern in the current world. Regarding this, Helicobacter pylori is known to be present in the digestive tracts of human beings. In some people, the infection leads to stomach cancer.

Effect of Illicium verum Hook.f. (star anise) extract on the modulation of systemic and mucosal immunity in Aeromonas hydrophila-aggravated Cyprinus carpio.

The dietary effects of star anise extract (SAE) on oxidative stress, haemato-biochemical parameters, skin-mucosal immunity, and cytokine gene expression were evaluated in Cyprinus carpio post-challenge with fish pathogenic bacteria. Fish (10.63 ± 0.

Withaferin A and Withanolide A-mediated silver nanoparticles target bacterial motility, metabolism, and stress adaptation in E. coli.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs) were synthesized using Withania somnifera root extract and evaluated for their antimicrobial and biosafety profiles. LC-MS confirmed key withanolides, including Withaferin A. The nanoparticles exhibited a UV-Vis peak at 446 nm, a crystalline core size of ∼15.

Phase coexistence and evolution of insulator-metal transition inNd1-xLaxNiO3(0⩽x⩽1) in presence of correlation and disorder.

In this paper, we revisit the transition from an insulator to a metal in the nickelate systemNd1-xLaxNiO3for 0 ⩽  ⩽ 1. UnsubstitutedNdNiO3( = 0) shows a temperature driven transition from metal to insulator on cooling belowTMI≈200Kaccompanied by a change in crystallographic symmetry from a high-temperature orthorhombic phase to a low-temperature monoclinic phase.LaNiO3( = 1) with a crystallographic phase with Rhombohedral symmetry retains its metallic state until the lowest temperature.

A multilayer deep neural network framework for hemodynamic assessment of cognitive load management during problem-solving tasks.

Cognitive load refers to the mental effort required to process information and perform tasks, significantly influencing learning and performance outcomes. This paper presents a novel approach for cognitive load classification using a hybrid model that integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with the Block Attention Module (BAM). Leveraging functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigate the relationship between cognitive load and brain activity in a controlled experimental setting.

Polyphenols as Mitigators of Metal-Induced Stress in Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.).

Understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to oxidative stress is crucial for ensuring agricultural sustainability. Plant growth and development get severely affected from the stress induced by environmental factors. Heavy metals like lead (II) nitrate are one of the major causes of abiotic stress.

In Silico Prediction of Human Intestinal Permeability (Caco-2) using QSPR Modelling for Efficient Drug Discovery.

Background: The quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modelling can be helpful in the in-silico prediction and pre-determination of the drug permeability values of a large number of compounds through human intestinal enterocytes for screening of potential candidate drugs, thereby enhancing oral drug development.

Methods: The present study involved the development of a regression-based QSPR model for the prediction of Caco-2 cell-permeability values of compounds. The training of the model was carried out on a novel large dataset of 1272 compounds with 30 selected 2D descriptors.

Harnessing the power: the role of dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria in microbial fuel cells.

Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) have been considered very important contributors in developing and operating microbial fuel cells that represent one promising technology for waste treatment and sustainable energy generation. In keeping with this spirit, this review paper will scrutinise the elementary mechanisms whereby the unique metabolic processes of DMRB enable their role in facilitating the extracellular transmission of electrons to the anode from organic substrates. Important species like Shewanella and Geobacter are referred to because of their contributions toward improving the stability and efficiency of MFCs.

Role of Secondary Metabolites in Reducing the Negative Impact of Pest-Induced Stress in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.).

Brinjal, also known as eggplant, is a significant crop in the Solanaceae family, with a high economic value and widespread cultivation in Indian states. Its primary metabolites include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, organic acids, and polyphenolic compounds. Secondary metabolites contribute to the fruit's flavor, color, and potential health benefits, such as chlorogenic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals.

An overview on in-vivo generation of CAR-T cells using CRISPR-loaded functionalized nanocarriers for treating B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has become a milestone in the management of B cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Yet, the traditional method-dependent on ex vivo manipulation, amplification, and reinfusion of autologous T cells-is high-cost, low-scalability, and severely immune-related toxicity. Here, we report a new nano-immunoengineering platform that allows in vivo production of chimeric antigen receptor T cells through the use of functionalized nanoparticles carrying clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing elements.

Genetically modified lipases as biocatalysts for diacylglycerol production in the food industry: a critical review.

Lipases play a pivotal role in biocatalysis, particularly in industrial and pharmaceutical applications, due to their exceptional regio- and enantioselectivity. However, their inherent limitations, including low stability, substrate specificity constraints, and suboptimal catalytic efficiency, hinder broader utilization. Genetic modifications have emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance lipase performance, offering significant improvements in enzyme activity, thermal stability, and substrate adaptability.

Screen time exposure and academic performance, anxiety, and behavioral problems among school children.

Background: The growth of the digital landscape has surely outpaced research on the effects of screen media on the health, learning, and development of children. The potential risk-to-benefit ratio of screen media exposure for education and entertainment purposes warrants further exploration. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationships between screen time and academic performance, anxiety, and outdoor playing among school children in India.

Bioactive Compounds as a Potential Inhibitor of Biofilm Production: An In silico Study to Identify Natural Hindrance Resources.

Background: Biofilm formation by microorganisms, specifically bacteria, threatens vari-ous fields, including biomedicine and the environment. The development of biofilms has associations with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and immune responses; it poses a significant threat to human health. ESKAPE pathogens, a group of bacteria known for their multidrug resistance, are particularly adept at biofilm formation.

Detection of β-Thalassemia trait from a heterogeneous population with red cell indices and parameters.

Background: India is home to about 42 million people with β-thalassemia trait (βTT) necessitating screening of βTT to stop spread of the disease. Over the years, researchers developed discrimination formulae based on red blood cell (RBC) parameters to screen β-thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia (IDA). However, the screening programs often encounter normal subjects (NSs) with other hemoglobinopathy variants.

Stimuli-Responsive Multiacceptor Conjugated Polymers: Recent Trend and Future Direction.

Apart from the visual effects, geometric shapes of materials play an important role in their engineering and biomedical applications. Responsive materials-based patient-specific anatomical models provide better insights into the structure and pathology. Polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for advanced science and technology.

Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Community in Growth Management and Mitigating Stress in Millets: A Plant-Soil Microbe Symbiotic Relationship.

Millets, commonly referred to as the "future crop," provide a practical solution for addressing hunger and reducing the impact of climate change. The nutritional and physiological well-being of soil is crucial for the survival and resilience of plants while countering environmental stressors, both abiotic and biotic, that arise from the current climate change scenario. The health and production of millet are directly influenced by the soil microbial community.