Mechanistic insights and nanomedicine innovations of oligomeric proanthocyanidin in precision oncology: Ablating self-renewal capacity of metastatic cancer stem cells via multi-pathway modulation.

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), condensed tannins found plentiful in grape seeds and berries, have higher bioavailability and therapeutic benefits due to their low degree of polymerization. Recent evidence places OPCs as effective modulators of cancer stem cell (CSC) plasticity and tumor growth. Mechanistically, OPCs orchestrate multi-pathway inhibition by destabilizing Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT3, and Hedgehog pathways, triggering β-catenin degradation, silencing stemness regulators (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2), and stimulating tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miR-200, miR-34a).

An overview on in-vivo generation of CAR-T cells using CRISPR-loaded functionalized nanocarriers for treating B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has become a milestone in the management of B cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Yet, the traditional method-dependent on ex vivo manipulation, amplification, and reinfusion of autologous T cells-is high-cost, low-scalability, and severely immune-related toxicity. Here, we report a new nano-immunoengineering platform that allows in vivo production of chimeric antigen receptor T cells through the use of functionalized nanoparticles carrying clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing elements.

Ultrasonication of microalgal biomass: Acoustics study and enhanced bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cells.

The present work involved the pretreatment of cultivated microalgal biomass by ultrasonication to improve its suitability as a substrate in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Ultrasonication efficiently breaks down the cell walls of microalgae, therefore enhancing the accessibility of intracellular organic material by microbes and thussubsequently producing electrons and protons. In the present research work along with the ultrasonic pretreatment of our samples, non-destructive ultrasonic characterization using anultrasonic interferometer has been done, to study the molecular behavior of the microalgae.