HIPSTR: highest independent posterior subtree reconstruction in TreeAnnotator X.

Summary: In Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic studies it is common to summarise the posterior distribution of trees with a time-calibrated summary phylogeny. While the maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree is often used for this purpose, we here show that a novel summary tree method-the highest independent posterior subtree reconstruction, or HIPSTR-contains consistently higher supported clades over MCC. We also provide faster computational routines for estimating both summary trees in an updated version of TreeAnnotator X, an open-source software program that summarizes the information from a sample of trees and returns many helpful statistics such as individual clade credibilities contained in the summary tree.

Prenatal SMN-dependent defects in translation uncover reversible primary cilia phenotypes in spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by low levels of SMN protein. Several therapeutic approaches boosting SMN are approved for human patients, delivering remarkable improvements in lifespan and symptoms. However, emerging phenotypes, including neurodevelopmental comorbidities, are being reported in some treated SMA patients, indicative of alterations in brain development.

Identifying rehabilitation needs as part of secondary prevention in individuals with Atrial Fibrillation - a Delphi consensus study.

Aim: This study aimed to establish general consensus on a systematic needs assessment model to determine eligibility for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as part of secondary prevention in individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF). Specific objectives included identifying relevant needs assessment criteria and establishing consensus on referral criteria.

Methods: A Delphi study was conducted following the ACCORD guidelines (ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document) with participation of an international, multi-disciplinary expert panel including physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals, across primary and secondary care as well as academic research.

Management of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Whilst aortic stenosis remains the most prevalent valvular abnormality, the management of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis remains a clinical challenge. Recently, two randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) - EVOLVED (Early Intervention in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Fibrosis) and Early TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement for Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis) - have been published, alongside an extended follow-up from the AVATAR (Aortic Valve Replacement Versus Conservative Treatment in Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis) study.

Evidence Acquisition: In response, we conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases, identifying RCTs up to October 29, 2024, that compared early intervention with conventional management.

Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Adults and Children With Chiari 1 Malformation and in Those Managed Without Surgery: A Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study.

Background And Objectives: Chiari 1 malformation (CM1) is a common MRI finding and a frequent reason for neurosurgical consultation. Although many studies have investigated surgical outcomes for patients with CM1, outcomes for those treated without surgery have been less frequently reported. The UK Chiari 1 Study reports the quality of life of adults and children with CM1 treated without surgery, 12 months after the first neurosurgical clinic visit.

High-Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of the Novel Potassium Superhydride KH.

Through high-pressure diamond anvil cell experiments, we report the synthesis of two novel potassium superhydrides (KH-I and KH-II) and investigate their structural and vibrational properties via synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Above 17 GPa at room temperature, KH-II and H react to form KH-I; this reaction can be accelerated with temperature. KH-I possesses a face-centered-cubic () potassium sublattice with a slight rhombohedral distortion (space group 3̅).

Crush Syndrome and Systemic Necrosis in Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review of Pathophysiology, Anatomical Impact, and Renal Outcomes.

Crush syndrome remains a life-threatening complication of traumatic injuries, especially in mass casualty and disaster scenarios. This systematic review evaluates the current clinical and mechanistic understanding of crush-related pathophysiology, anatomical impact, and renal complications, with a focus on therapeutic interventions. Studies were selected using the PICO framework and analyzed under PRISMA guidelines.

Active chromatin marks and up-regulation of FOXC1 in uterine epithelial cells demarcate the onset of reproductive decline in aging females.

Advanced maternal age increases the risk of pregnancy complications due, in part, to changes in the uterine environment. Here, we show that uterine aging in mice is associated with a progressive increase in transcriptional variation, accompanied by a notable accumulation of activating histone marks at multiple genomic loci. Importantly, the transcriptional signatures of uterine aging differ substantially from senescence markers associated with organismal aging.

Reperfusion Therapy for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Low to Middle-Income Countries. A Clinical Consensus Statement of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, and the Stent - Save a Life! Initiative.

Suboptimal care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in low- and middle-income countries is a significant problem. Registries from Latin America, Africa, and Asia show that less than 65% of patients receive reperfusion therapy, and widespread treatment delays and a lack of access to optimal therapies lead to preventable deaths and complications. While current guidelines provide a blueprint for care, their implementation in low-resource settings requires specific guidance that considers geographical, logistical, and economic realities.

Adherence to Remote Prescribing Principles by Medical and Non-Medical Prescribers; a Scoping Review.

Aim: To examine the extent of adherence to high-level principles in remote prescribing and investigate how medical and non-medical prescribers comply with these principles.

Design: Scoping Review.

Data Sources: A systematic search of CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Web of Science, and the Ovid Emcare databases was performed.

Developing the FIGO-IPPS "R U MOVVING SOMe" classification system for female chronic pelvic pain.

The goal was to develop a pragmatic classification system for conditions associated with chronic pelvic pain (CPP), aiming to enhance diagnosis, management, education, and research of CPP. An international, multidisciplinary panel participated in a modified RAND/UCLA Delphi consensus. This panel included healthcare professionals, medical society representatives, experts, individuals with lived experience of pain, advocacy groups, researchers, educators, and journal editors.

Physical Resilience After Hip Fracture: Unpacking the Roles of Resistance and Recovery.

Background: Physical resilience-the ability to withstand, recover, or adapt after a stressor-is critical in older adults facing acute insults. We conceptualize physical resilience to comprise two distinct but related components: resistance (immediate physiological response to the stressor) and recovery (subsequent health changes). These two components were used to evaluate how individuals respond to hip fracture-a common and severe geriatric stressor.

The future of cultured meat: focusing on multidisciplinary, digitization, and nutritional customization.

Cultured meat is an emerging field in future food production, employing interdisciplinary strategies that integrate the food industry, tissue engineering, and biotechnology to meet global food needs. Cultivating meat from stem cells is an increasingly recognized solution to address concerns associated with animal husbandry in terms of environment, health, and ethics. Despite significant advances, substantial technical challenges persist.

Hypertension in pregnancy and in midlife and the risk of dementia: prospective study of 1.3 million UK women.

Introduction: Midlife hypertension is associated with dementia risk, although uncertainties remain regarding its association with subtypes and regarding the effect of pregnancy-related hypertension on dementia risk.

Methods: In the Million Women Study, 1,363,457 women (mean age 57) were asked about current treatment for hypertension and hypertension in pregnancy and were followed for first hospital record with any mention of dementia. Cox regression yielded hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for socioeconomic, lifestyle, and metabolic factors.

Neural Oscillatory Markers of Voluntary Task Switching: Proactive Engagement of Self-Directed Control in Children and Adults.

Cognitive control shows two main developmental trends: greater self-directedness (i.e., children need less external scaffolding) and greater proactiveness (i.

Neural correlates of peripartum depression: a systematic review, meta-analysis and comparison to major depressive disorder.

Background: Peripartum depression (PPD) is a form of major depressive disorder (MDD) that begins during the peripartum period and poses a significant mental health challenge affecting 10 to 29% of women.

Objective: This systematic review and multimodal activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis explored the distinct structural, functional, and metabolic features of the PPD brain as compared to female non-peripartum MDD.

Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases to identify peer-reviewed original studies investigating the neural correlates associated with PPD or fMDD.

Peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma: results from the UK nationwide CAPBIL study.

Background: The role of liver transplantation as a treatment option for de novo resectable peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is controversial. This study investigated the outcomes following resection of early-stage pCCA in the UK.

Methods: Patients undergoing resection for pCCA between 2014 and 2022 across 22 UK centres were included.

Match and Training Injuries Sustained by Professional Male Rugby Union Players in Scotland.

Rugby union ('rugby') is a full-contact sport, with previous studies across the globe reporting a high incidence of injury. However, no injury surveillance study of professional male players in Scotland exists in contemporary literature. The current study therefore aimed to describe the incidence, severity, burden and nature of match and training injuries sustained by male professional club rugby players in Scotland.

Blurred boundaries: Community treatment orders as instruments of racial surveillance.

The Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA) authorizes the compulsory detention and treatment of people with mental disorders who are perceived to pose a risk to themselves or to others. Since its enactment, there have been concerns that the coercive powers of the Act have been disproportionately used for Black people with mental disorders. This disproportionate impact of the MHA on Black people is most clearly seen in the excessive use of Community Treatment Orders (CTOs).

Receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4)-mediated repression of hepatitis C virus replication in mouse cells.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exhibits a narrow species tropism, causing robust infections only in humans and experimentally inoculated chimpanzees. While many host factors and restriction factors are known, many more likely remain unknown, which has limited the development of mouse or other small animal models for HCV. One putative restriction factor, the black flying fox orthologue of receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4), was previously shown to potently inhibit viral genome replication of several ER-replicating RNA viruses.

A systematic review using a multi-layered criteria framework for assessing the validity and reliability of velocity monitoring devices in resistance training.

Background: Velocity-Based Training (VBT) is an emerging method in resistance training for objectively prescribing and monitoring training intensity and neuromuscular function. Given its growing popularity, assessing the validity and reliability of VBT devices is critical for strength and conditioning coaches.

Objective: The primary purpose of this review was twofold: (1) to identify and address methodological gaps in current assessments of VBT device validity and reliability, and (2) to propose and apply a novel, multi-layered, criterion-based framework-developed in collaboration with statisticians and domain experts-for evaluating these devices.

Refinement of OnePot PURE and Crude Ribosome Production for Reproducible Cell-free Protein Synthesis.

Recent advances have enabled the Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements (PURE) cell-free system to be produced in individual laboratories economically and with reduced labor burden. However, the preparation of the 36 protein components and ribosome, which make up PURE, is still a complex undertaking, with much scope for variation and error. We present a detailed and updated procedure to manufacture PURE based on the recently published OnePot protocol, which involves regulating a number of key steps, in particular, the inoculation of cultures using optical density (OD)-normalized glycerol stocks, careful monitoring of cell growth, and controlling final glycerol concentrations.

All Roads Lead to Carbinolamine: QM/MM Study of Enzymatic C-N Bond Cleavage in Anaerobic Glycyl Radical Enzyme Choline Trimethylamine-Lyase (CutC).

The anaerobic glycyl radical enzyme choline trimethylamine-lyase (CutC) is produced by multiple bacterial species in the human gut microbiome and catalyzes the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and acetaldehyde. CutC has emerged as a promising therapeutic target due to its role in producing TMA, which is subsequently oxidized in the liver to form trimethylamine--oxide (TMAO). Elevated TMAO levels are associated with several human diseases, including atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders─a leading cause of mortality worldwide.

Continuous evolution of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses with pdm/09-derived internal genes enhances pathogenicity in mice.

Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) is an important zoonotic pathogen with the potential to cause human influenza pandemics. Swine are considered "mixing vessels" for generating novel reassortant influenza A viruses. In 2009, a swine-origin reassortant virus (2009 pandemic H1N1, pdm/09 H1N1) spilled over to humans, causing a global influenza pandemic.