DNA Damage, Telomere and Centromere Dysfunction in Chromothripsis Rearrangements.

The analysis of the origin of chromothripsis, catastrophic chromosomal rearrangements, has provided exceptional insights into various aspects of tumor progression and genetic disorders. Findings in chromothripsis have not only enhanced our understanding of genomic instability mechanisms, but also reshaped our views on chromosome mechanics. To date, the major mechanisms of chromothripsis described involve the incorporation of micronuclei into the primary nucleus and telomere crisis through the formation of dicentric chromosomes.

Healing of lytic lesions and restoration of bone health in multiple myeloma through sclerostin inhibition.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with a debilitating bone disease that poses significant therapeutic challenges. MM bone disease is characterized by increased bone resorption and suppression of osteoblasts, which hinders the repair of damaged bone. Sclerostin, an antagonist of Wnt signaling, is elevated in MM patients, and its inhibition with a neutralizing antibody (Scl-ab) has been shown to restore osteoblast function in mouse models of MM.

Right Ventricular Hemodynamics in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Monitoring and Implications for Clinical Management.

Right ventricular injury (including right ventricular dilatation/dysfunction/limitation/failure) and pulmonary vascular dysfunction are common in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Despite increasing recognition, right ventricular injury is associated with increased mortality in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome and implementation of multi-modal monitoring and timely right ventricle-targeted interventions may therefore confer outcome benefit. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the clinical applications of diagnostic modalities for the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation in invasively ventilated patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome, including the complementary roles of invasive hemodynamics, echocardiography, and pulmonary monitoring.

Infectious Complications After Transrectal Versus Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Prostate biopsies remain a key step in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and are performed either via a transrectal (TR) or a transperineal (TP) route. In general, the approaches are considered to provide similar diagnostic power. However, infectious complications appear to differ in favour of the TP approach.

The COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland led to a modest decline in acute respiratory infections without a post-pandemic infection rebound.

Background: Many countries reported declines in acute respiratory infections (ARIs) following public health and social measures to mitigate COVID-19.

Objectives: We describe the potential association with pandemic restrictions on the occurrence of non-COVID ARIs in Greenland, which experienced a late but sudden introduction of COVID-19.

Methods: We included national electronic medical records on ARIs in Greenland across three periods: pre-pandemic (January 2018-February 2020), pandemic (March 2020-June 2022), and endemic (July 2022-December 2023).

Elevated in-stream CO concentration stimulates net-NO production from global fluvial ecosystems.

Riverine CO and NO concentrations have risen since pre-industrial times, yet their biogeochemical interactions remain unclear. This study found a positive correlation between NO and CO saturation in fluvial ecosystems, which was absent at high DOC:NO ratios. Low DOC:NO ratios and high CO saturation promote chemoautotrophic nitrification, suggesting its key role in riverine net NO production.

What guides regional nodal irradiation in node positive breast cancer following upfront sentinel lymph node biopsy?

Background: This study aimed to evaluate decision-making patterns among international experts regarding breast cancer regional node irradiation (RNI), using an objective, consensus-driven approach.

Methods: Twenty-one international radiation oncology experts were invited to participate in a consensus-based evaluation of RNI recommendations. Participants provided responses to clinical scenarios involving early-stage breast (cN0) cancer with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNLB)-positive findings (pN1a) without completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries.

Polygenic scores (PGSs) for body mass index (BMI) may guide early prevention and targeted treatment of obesity. Using genetic data from up to 5.1 million people (4.

Studying Pure CH and the Interaction of CH and HO in Interstellar Ice Analogues with On-Resonance Infrared Irradiation.

Methane in the solid state is often studied in interaction with water, either as clathrate hydrates or as interstellar ice in a water-rich ice environment. Using free-electron laser infrared irradiation, we studied the interaction between CH and HO through energy dissipation after on-resonance vibrational excitation. The observed changes in the ice structure are largely independent of the vibrational mode excited and suggest an energy-dissipation-induced local heating of the ice.

Autonomic arousal and heart rate variability in functional somatic disorder - a cross-sectional population-based study.

Objective: The bodily distress syndrome (BDS) checklist has proven to be useful diagnostic aid and as screening tool for functional somatic disorder (FSD). It has been hypotheses that the symptoms clusters of the checklist represent autonomic activity. This study aims to investigate associations between autonomic activity (Heart rate variability, HRV) and somatic symptoms profiles measured by the BDS checklist and diagnoses of FSD based on interviews.

Mechanical deterioration of passive self-ligating lingual brackets under simulated prolonged use: An in vitro study.

Background: Passive, self-ligating lingual brackets are favored in Orthodontics for their simplified mechanism, eliminating the need for elastomeric and metallic ligatures. However, limited data exists on the effects of repeated use on their mechanical durability. An understanding of these effects is essential to ensure their long-term clinical performance.

Changes in Bone Turnover Markers Associated With a Single Dialysis Session.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism, increasing fracture risk, particularly in advanced stages. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) such as bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b), as well as collagen-derived markers including intact form of procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (iPINP) and β-cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX-I), are recommended to assess bone turnover. Although some BTMs are considered stable and independent of renal function, their behavior during dialysis sessions remains unclear.

Infrared Irradiation of HO:CO Ice: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of the Dissipation of CO Vibrational Excitations.

In interstellar ices, the ice matrix can have a great influence on the chemical reactions. The hydrogen-bonding network in pure water ices facilitates fast energy dissipation that, for example, stabilizes the HOCO complex, a crucial step in the formation of CO. To better understand the energy dynamics and its possible influence on the processes in the ice, we investigated a HO:CO 1:4 ice mixture exposed to infrared irradiation on-resonance with the CO vibrations.

Preferences for Body Weight-Related Terminology for People Living with Obesity: Results from the ACTION-DK Study.

Introduction: When discussing body weight with health care professionals (HCPs), people living with obesity (PwO) can feel stigmatised by specific terms. In English-speaking research settings, PwO have expressed preferences for "technical" or health-related terms (e.g.

Adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and gynecological risks in premenopausal and perimenopausal women - a systematic review.

Objective: Tamoxifen (TMX) is known to increase the risk of endometrial cancer (EC) in postmenopausal women, but data on the effects in premenopausal and perimenopausal women remain inconsistent and not well illuminated. This study aimed to evaluate whether TMX increases the risks of gynecological symptoms and EC in premenopausal and perimenopausal women receiving adjuvant therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Methods: Systematic searches in PubMed, Cochrane and Web Of Science yielded 319 relevant articles, of which 38 were analyzed after excluding duplicates and non-qualifying studies.

Source-specific air pollution and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pooled cohort study.

Background: The evidence linking long-term exposure to air pollution and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still controversial. Furthermore, most studies have investigated associations with particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO), disregarding their emission source and other relevant air pollutants, such as ultrafine particles (UFP) and elemental carbon (EC).

Objectives: This study aimed to assess associations between long-term residential exposure to PM, NO, UFP, and EC and risk of COPD, distinguishing the effects of air pollution from local traffic and other sources.

Challenges and rehabilitation needs among adults with myasthenia gravis - a Danish cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Purpose: The aim was to examine disease-related challenges and rehabilitation needs among adults with Myasthenia Gravis (MG) to target future support initiatives.

Materials And Methods: The study involved a cross-sectional questionnaire based on patient-reported outcomes within 11 domains/95 items, covering potential challenges and needs in living with MG. Data were compared against the subgroups gender, age, and years with MG.

High Prevalence of Hb Riccarton Challenges HbA1c Analysis in a Danish Clinical Laboratory Using the Tosoh G11.

Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is commonly used to measure hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by distinguishing it from other hemoglobin (Hb) fractions based on net charge. Hb variants can interfere with this analysis, leading to spurious HbA1c results, particularly in HPLC-based methods. This study investigated blood samples showing an HV3 peak - which indicates an Hb variant - on the Tosoh G11 chromatogram during routine HbA1c analysis in a Danish laboratory.

10-Year Outcomes of Deferred or Conventional Stent Implantation in Patients With STEMI (DANAMI-3-DEFER).

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting is recommended in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Immediate stenting may cause distal embolization, microvascular damage, and flow disturbances, leading to adverse outcomes. We report the 10-year clinical outcomes of deferred stenting versus conventional PCI in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.

Consensus position statement on advancing the classification of patients and tests of cure in studies of antibiotic treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

Complicated urinary tract infections denote an important research field for new antibiotics against Gram-negative pathogens. There is, however, increasing concern that this disease entity is too vaguely defined, leading to heterogeneous study populations and risk of bias. We analysed researchers' adherence to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on complicated urinary tract infection and assessed risk of bias using a three-step procedure: literature review of full-text articles on complicated urinary tract infection; assessment of the importance of risk factors for treatment failure, including statistical evaluation of how patients with risk factors might skew treatment effects; and a Delphi consensus process in a multidisciplinary group.

Pain in fibrous dysplasia: identifying nociceptive mechanisms in a preclinical model.

Pain is a common symptom of fibrous dysplasia (FD), a rare mosaic disorder characterized by fibro-osseous lesions in the bone. Despite the prevalence of pain in FD patients, there is little knowledge about the nociceptive mechanisms and few efficacious treatments. As such, understanding FD pain is essential for patient care.

Laser speckle contrast imaging of hepatic microcirculation.

The liver controls blood homeostasis and depends critically on adequate blood supply. While the global regulation of liver blood flow via the hepatic arterial buffer response is well established, the mechanisms governing hepatic sinusoidal hemodynamics remain elusive. We use laser speckle contrast imaging to investigate the hepatic microvascular blood flow in anesthetized rats.

Could Urology's Antimicrobial Stewardship Be Enhanced by the Routine Use of the Meares and Stamey Test?

: Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is a prevalent urological condition significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Accurate diagnosis is essential to differentiate bacterial from non-bacterial prostatitis and to guide appropriate antimicrobial therapy. In the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the Meares and Stamey (M&S) test is a valuable diagnostic tool for targeted antibiotic use and a valuable antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) measure.

Impact of Lifestyle and the Microbiome on Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Recent studies have facilitated a new understanding of how the microbiome and lifestyle contribute to the pathophysiology of prostatic diseases. This mini review explores evidence on the role of lifestyle, diet, and the microbiome in the development and progression of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Diet, physical activity, and the gut microbiome may influence LUTS/BPH by modulating systemic inflammation and metabolic processes.