Enabling micro-assessments of skills in the simulated setting using temporal artificial intelligence-models.

Background: Assessing skills in simulated settings is resource-intensive and lacks validated metrics. Advances in AI offer the potential for automated competence assessment, addressing these limitations. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning AI model for automated evaluation during simulation-based thyroid ultrasound (US) training.

Scalable Acid-Aided Lysis of Skin Samples Improves Proteome Coverage.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an evolving tool for comprehensive proteomic analyses across tissues. Despite the widespread use of LC-MS in dermatology, full-thickness human skin remains challenging to analyse. The skin extracellular matrix (ECM) presents two major obstacles: the extensive crosslinking complicates protein extraction and the high abundance of ECM proteins can mask lower-abundance proteins, reducing identification numbers.

Ovarian reserve markers in women of reproductive ages with epilepsy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine ovarian reserve parameters in women with epilepsy compared to women without epilepsy.

Methods: A total of 80 women with epilepsy (WWE) from the epilepsy clinic at Rigshospitalet, Denmark, participated and completed the study between 2018-2022. A historical cohort collected from 2008 to 2010 of 418 women without epilepsy and no prior diagnosis of infertility was used as control.

Implementing Federated Analysis using DataSHIELD in the DREAM TO TREAT Atopic Dermatitis Registries Collaboration.

Many new biologic treatments and small molecule agents are emerging and being approved for treating atopic dermatitis (AD). Robust evidence, based on large sample sizes from real-world clinical settings, are needed to investigate the use of these new therapies, However, adequate sample sizes of patient data are difficult to obtain within one country alone, requiring international collaboration and data aggregation. To address this need for cooperative research, we investigated the feasibility for an international collaboration of registries to gather data from real-world clinical settings on patients' use of new systemic treatments for AD by creating a federated network between national registries that enables an analysis environment protecting privacy of information and ensuring compliance with General Data Protection Regulation.

Early surgical complications following kidney transplantation in adults: A systematic review.

Objective: To quantify and characterise short-term (<90 days) surgical complications following kidney transplantation and identify risk factors for complications.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the protocol registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42024535328). Studies reporting surgical and postoperative complications within 90 days of surgery were included as well as studies reporting on groups of complications such as urological, vascular or wound related.

Surgical management of the colorectum in FAP: tailored approaches for optimal outcomes.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited condition that predisposes individuals to colorectal cancer without preventive treatment. Surgical management typically involves restorative proctocolectomy with an ileal pouch anal anastomosis or colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. Complete removal of the large intestine and rectum with a permanent stoma may also be required in selected cases.

Hands-on Distance Simulation of Technical Skills: A Systematic Review.

Distance simulation in health care has advanced rapidly, offering potential to reduce geographical barriers, costs, and carbon emissions while increasing global access to medical education. This systematic review evaluated hands-on technical skills training via distance simulation compared to traditional on-site training. Following PRISMA guidelines, 104 studies were analyzed.

Cholangiocarcinoma in Denmark: time-trends in mortality following resection.

Background: Cholangiocarcinomas have a poor prognosis, and resection is the only curative-intent treatment. We examined time-trends in mortality risk after resection in a nationwide Danish cohort.

Methods: We identified all Danish citizens diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma in 2004-2022 who subsequently underwent liver resection, biliary tract resection, or a combination of the two.

Image quality assessment of photon-counting CT for patients with prostate cancer receiving radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) offers enhanced image quality, including improvements in contrast, spatial resolution, and noise reduction. In radiotherapy (RT), optimal image quality is critical for accurate tumor and organ-at-risk delineation. However, reconstruction parameter selection often relies on subjective assessment.

Modifiable risk factors for lower-extremity injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the Female, Woman and Girl Athlete Injury Prevention (FAIR) consensus.

Objective: Examine potentially modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for female/woman/girl athletes' lower-extremity injuries.

Design: Systematic review with meta- or semiquantitative analyses and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Systematic Review Database, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, ERIC searched 30 October or 23 November 2023.

Effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on disease activity, pain, fatigue, and physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the effects of vegan and vegetarian diets on disease activity, pain, fatigue, and physical function in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: We conducted searches on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Central electronic databases up to December 2024. Randomized controlled trials that investigated vegan or vegetarian dietary interventions (including lacto-ovo-vegetarian, vegan, or whole-food plant-based diets) in people with rheumatoid arthritis were included, and independent of outcomes measured.

Diagnostic yield of whole exome sequencing in a cohort of 825 patients.

Genetic testing plays a significant role in rare disease diagnostics. The most widespread technology for genetic testing of patients is next generation sequencing or second-generation sequencing, including whole exome sequencing (WES). Our laboratory performed diagnostic WES on 1660 samples representing 825 index patients aged 0-84 years between 2014 and 2020.

Prenatal exposure to a mixture of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and lung function and immune-related outcomes among males in childhood and young adulthood.

Background: Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may influence lung and immune system development, but previous epidemiological studies are inconclusive and have not extended into young adulthood.

Objective: To examine associations between prenatal exposure to a mixture of PFAS and respiratory and immune-related outcomes in a cohort of males.

Methods: We studied 866 males with maternal pregnancy plasma measured for 15 PFAS, triclosan, and nine phthalate metabolites used as a proxy for prenatal exposure.

Target volume delineation of the neck for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: CSTRO, CACA, CSCO, HNCIG, ESTRO, and ASTRO guidelines and contouring atlas.

The Chinese Society for Therapeutic Radiology Oncology, the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, the Head and Neck Cancer International Group, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, and the American Society for Radiation Oncology collaboratively developed evidence-based guidelines and a comprehensive contouring atlas for neck target volume delineation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These guidelines address five key challenges in modern radiotherapy practice: margin design of clinical target volume; nodal target volume delineation after induction chemotherapy; delineation of equivocal nodes evident on imaging; low-risk clinical target volume delineation based on regional stepwise extension patterns; and modifications for anatomical boundaries of lymphatic areas. Developed through a rigorous systematic review and expert appraisal process by a panel of 50 international, multidisciplinary members from 17 countries and regions, these guidelines incorporate the latest advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis and treatment.

Primary target volume delineation for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: CSTRO, CACA, CSCO, HNCIG, ESTRO, and ASTRO guidelines and contouring atlas.

The Chinese Society for Therapeutic Radiology Oncology, the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Head and Neck Cancer International Group, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, and the American Society for Radiation Oncology jointly developed evidence-based guidelines and a contouring atlas for primary target volume delineation for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The guidelines systematically address three crucial challenges: margin design of clinical target volumes; target volume delineation after induction chemotherapy; and low-risk clinical target volume delineation based on local stepwise extension patterns. Based on a comprehensive systematic review and critical appraisal by an international multidisciplinary panel of 50 nasopharyngeal carcinoma specialists from 17 countries and regions, these guidelines are in keeping with advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis and treatment, embodying contemporary treatment concepts, and elaborating on the differences in practice.

A characterization of the reversibly electroporated penumbra during irreversible electroporation.

Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel anticancer ablative treatment, which has been proposed to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in the periphery of the ablated area by capturing chemotherapy intracellularly. The aim of the current trial was to characterize the ablated lesion to get spatial information about the distribution of captured chemotherapy and in extension to assess the a priori probability of efficacy for the combined intervention.

Methods: IRE ablations were performed in five pigs with or without concurrent intravenous bleomycin and gadolinium contrast injection.

Hygiene Practices Against Dermatophytic Fungi: A Review of Strategies to Combat Antifungal Resistance.

Superficial fungal infections of the feet, such as tinea pedis and onychomycosis, are highly prevalent and frequently recurrent, often due to persistent contamination of footwear, textiles, and foot care instruments. Despite growing concern over antifungal resistance, environmental sources of reinfection remain under-recognized in clinical practice. This review critically examines historical and contemporary methods used to sanitize shoes, socks, podiatric tools, and related materials.

Timeline of Amelogenesis Imperfecta Management.

Amelogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous group of >100 different rare diseases. Affected individuals and families are facing diagnostic uncertainty and wandering and a therapeutic odyssey. Continuous multidisciplinary management from childhood to adulthood is essential, emphasizing the critical role of health care professionals.

Use of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation in myeloma patients aged >65 years: a population-based study by the Nordic Myeloma Study Group.

Not available.

A Novel Survey for Assessing Health-Promoting School Practices and Capacity: Validation and Adaptability to Physical Activity.

Background: Understanding current practice is crucial for implementing Health Promoting Schools (HPS) and Whole School Approaches to Physical Activity (WSA-PA). This study validated two survey tools to assess HPS and WSA-PA implementation, respectively.

Methods: Content validity was established via literature review and expert and target group consultations.

No changes in weight, body composition or metabolic parameters after the switch to dolutegravir and lamivudine compared to continued treatment with dolutegravir, abacavir and lamivudine for virologically suppressed HIV infection (The AVERTAS trial).

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with HIV (PWH) can lead to weight gain, but the effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as abacavir (ABC) are not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether discontinuing ABC would mitigate weight changes and metabolic complications in PWH.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial including PWH on dolutegravir, ABC, and lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC), participants were randomized 2:1 to either switch to DTG/3TC or continue DTG/ABC/3TC.

Response to biologics along a gradient of T2 involvement in patients with severe asthma: a data-driven biomarker clustering approach.

Background: Asthma with low levels of T2-biomarkers is poorly understood.

Objective: To characterize severe asthma phenotypes and compare pre- to post-biologic change in asthma outcomes along a gradient of T2-involvement.

Methods: This was a registry-based, cohort study including data from 24 countries.