Targeting Tumor-Associated Hypoxia with Bioreductively Activatable Prodrug Conjugates Derived from Dihydronaphthalene, Benzosuberene, and Indole-based Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization.

A strategy for targeting tumor-associated hypoxia utilizes reductase enzyme-mediated cleavage to convert biologically inert prodrugs to their corresponding biologically active parent therapeutic agents selectively in areas of pronounced hypoxia. Small-molecule inhibitors of tubulin polymerization represent unique therapeutic agents for this approach, with the most promising functioning as both antiproliferative agents (cytotoxins) and as vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). VDAs selectively and effectively disrupt tumor-associated microvessels, which are typically fragile and chaotic in nature.

Homogeneous Catalysts for Hydrogenative PHIP Used in Biomedical Applications.

At present, two competing hyperpolarization (HP) techniques, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and parahydrogen (para-H) induced polarization (PHIP), can generate sufficiently high liquid state C signal enhancement for in vivo studies. PHIP utilizes the singlet spin state of para-H to create non-equilibrium spin populations. In hydrogenative PHIP, para-H is irreversibly added to unsaturated precursors, typically in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst.

Evaluating Tuskegee University's Ongoing Response Strategy to Mitigate Direct and Indirect Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic by Using an Integrative Framework Analysis.

The emergence of the Novel COVID-19 Pandemic has undoubtedly impacted the lives of individuals across the globe. It has drawn the attention of major public health agencies as they work intensely towards understanding the behavior of the virus causing the disease, while simultaneously establishing ways to curb the spread of the virus among populations. As of the time of writing, 7,949,973 confirmed cases have been reported globally; with the United States (US) contributing to 26.

Local Responses to COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Community-based Organizations in Majority-Black Neighborhoods and Immigrant Enclaves, A Case Study of Atlanta, Georgia.

This paper will present a case study of local responses to the epidemic in immigrant enclaves and majority-black neighborhoods in Atlanta, Georgia. The COVID-19 health crisis presents an unprecedented challenge for many black and brown communities in the United States which may be particularly vulnerable to the contagion because of higher rates of certain pre-existing conditions like heart disease, lack of access to adequate healthcare services, and financial pressures to continue working despite increasingly risky conditions. In the American South where burgeoning ethnic enclaves, well-establish majority-black neighborhoods, and affluent suburbs exist side by side with vastly different healthcare concerns, disorganized governmental responses to the COVID-19 epidemic highlight the importance of efforts by CBOs (i.

Modeling Musculoskeletal Combat Casualty Care: NATO Trauma System Performance in Large Scale Combat Operations.

Background: It is unclear whether the current North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) trauma system will be effective in the setting of Large-Scale Combat Operations (LSCO). We sought to model the efficacy of the NATO trauma system in the setting of LSCO. We also intended to model novel scenarios that could better adapt the current system to LSCO.

Anterior-posterior and medial-lateral balance metrics are unchanged when two-dimensional pseudorandom motion perturbations are provided in semicircular canal coordinates.

Introduction: External continuous perturbations using a motion platform have been developed by employing either sum-of-sines (SoS) or a pseudorandom ternary sequence (PRTS) of numbers to quantify body sway evoked in the medial-lateral (ML) or anterior-posterior (AP) directions, which ultimately helps understand the human postural control system. These stimuli have been provided via pitch tilts of the motion platform for evaluations of AP balance responses or roll tilts for ML balance responses. However, little is known about whether a healthy postural control system responds to 2-dimensional (2D) perturbations similarly when the perturbation stimuli are provided in semicircular canal coordinates (i.

Using molecular methods to diagnose, classify, and treat neonatal sepsis: a scoping review.

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a dysregulated immune response to bloodstream infection causing serious disease and death. Our review seeks to integrate the knowledge gained from studies of multiple molecular methods- such as genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and the gut microbiome- in the setting of neonatal sepsis that may improve the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of the disease. Sepsis claims over 200,000 lives annually worldwide and remains a top 10 cause of infant mortality in the US.

Bibliometric Analysis of Research Articles on Embedded Internet of Health Things (IoHT) Fall Detection in the Elderly Published from 2006 to 2025.

Background: Falls are a major cause of injury and death among the elderly, highlighting the need for effective and real-time detection systems. Embedded Internet of Health Things (IoHT) technologies integrating sensors, microcontrollers, and communication modules offer continuous monitoring and rapid response. However, the research landscape remains fragmented, and no comprehensive bibliometric review has been conducted.

Association of social determinants of health and age at menopause: NHANES 1999-2018 observational study.

Study Question: Do social determinants of health (SDoH) influence the age at menopause among women?

Summary Answer: In our study, adverse SDoH, particularly family low income-to-poverty ratio (PIR), low education level, and the marital status of being widowed, are associated with earlier age at menopause.

What Is Known Already: Some prior studies have considered certain SDoH variables (such as educational attainment and marital status) as potential factors influencing age at menopause, but systematic evidence clearly defining the relationship between multidimensional SDoH and menopausal age remains lacking.

Study Design Size Duration: This cross-sectional analysis included 6083 naturally menopausal women from 10 cycles (1999-2018) of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and excluded cases of surgical menopause.

Applicability of Oncotype DX Testing in a Diverse Breast Cancer Population in Hawaii.

The Oncotype DX test is standardly used for patients with early-stage, hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers to determine the benefit from chemotherapy and the likelihood of distant recurrence. The relationship between Oncotype DX recurrence scores and race/ethnicity is still being studied. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the relationship between Oncotype DX recurrence scores, race/ethnicity, and clinicopathological factors and to support the applicability of the Oncotype DX test for a diverse breast cancer population of Hawaii.

Electrochemical Droplet Sculpturing of Short Carbon Fiber Nanotip Electrodes for Neurotransmitter Detection.

Carbon fiber nanotip electrodes (CFNEs) are crucial for electrochemical recordings of neurotransmission release in confined spaces, such as synapses and intracellular measurements. However, fabricating CFNEs with small surface area to minimize noise remains challenging due to inconsistent tip size control, low reproducibility, and low fabrication success rate. Here, we present a reliable, user-friendly method with high reproducibility and success rate for precise CFNE fabrication using microscopy-guided electrochemical etching of cylindrical carbon fiber microelectrodes in a potassium hydroxide droplet.

Approach to Evaluating Reorganization Energies of Interfacial Electrochemical Reactions.

Reaction rate coefficients for electron-transfer processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface are commonly estimated by using the Butler-Volmer equation, but their values are inaccurate beyond a few tenths of volts of overpotential. The Marcus-Hush-Chidsey (MHC) formalism yields correct asymptotic behavior of the rate coefficients vs applied overpotential but has complex dependencies on the redox system's intrinsic parameters, which can be difficult to model or measure. In this work, we bridge the two kinetics formalisms to estimate the reorganization energy, one of the important parameters for the MHC formalism, and investigate its dependence on other intrinsic parameters such as activation barriers, electronic coupling strength, and the density of states of the electrode surface.

Controlling Chloride Crossover in Bipolar Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are increasingly recognized as a promising electrolyte option for water electrolysis, attributable to their distinctive properties derived from the membrane's layered structure, which consists of an anion exchange (AEL) and a cation exchange layer (CEL). This study investigates four different BPMs and the influence they have on the performance of a water electrolysis cell under two different feed configurations: (1) a symmetric deionized water feed to both anode and cathode compartments and (2) an asymmetric feed with a 0.5 mol/L NaCl catholyte feed and a deionized water anolyte feed.

A compilation of 13 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and concomitant and family mutations.

Introduction: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) exhibits significant heterogeneity in molecular profiles, influencing treatment response and patient outcomes. Mutations in v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 () and rat sarcoma () family genes are commonly observed in mCRC. Though originally thought to be mutually exclusive, recent data have shown that patients may present with concomitant and mutations, posing unique challenges and implications for clinical management.

Tuberous breast deformity in a transgender woman: a case report.

Tuberous breast deformity was first documented by Rees and Aston in 1976. The deformity is well documented in cisgender women, with rare cases in cisgender men often associated with gynecomastia, and almost no reports in transgender women. Herein, we present a case of a 32-year-old transgender woman who developed bilateral tuberous breast deformity after 10 years of hormone replacement therapy.

Density Functional Theory Study of Iron-Oxygen Divacancies in Magnetite (FeO) and Hematite (FeO).

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to investigate the formation energies, charge redistribution, and binding energies of iron-oxygen divacancies in magnetite (FeO) and hematite (FeO). For magnetite, we focus on the low-temperature phase to explore variations with local environments. Building on previous DFT calculations of the variations in formation energies for oxygen vacancies with local charge and spin order in magnetite, we extend this analysis to include octahedral iron vacancies before analyzing the iron-oxygen divacancies.

Antiviral efficacy of silicon nitride against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV: implications for PPE innovation.

Medical interventions, such as masks, were a cornerstone in mitigating the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since 2019, the scientific community has increasingly focused on exploring avenues for pandemic prevention and preparedness to enhance responses to future viral outbreaks. One such area of interest explores the use of additives, such as silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), in masks to enhance the antiviral properties of personal protective equipment.

No climate justice without sexual and reproductive health, rights and justice (SRHRJ): past, present, and future challenges faced by the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights and Climate Justice Coalition.

The climate crisis jeopardizes human health and is one of the greatest threats to reproductive autonomy and human rights. Witnessing these threats, the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights and Climate Justice Coalition was formed in 2021 to advocate on the intersections between climate change and sexual and reproductive health, rights, and justice (SRHRJ). The Coalition's purpose is to leverage intersectional approaches to influence global and national policies, programs, and funding mechanisms to advance climate justice, gender equality, and human rights.

Fatigue, interoplastic and nociplastic distress in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, Gulf War Illness, and chronic idiopathic fatigue.

Introduction: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Gulf War Illness (GWI) have similar profiles of pain (nociception), visceral interoception, and tenderness (central sensitization) that may be due to dysfunction of midbrain and medulla descending antinociceptive and antiinteroceptive mechanisms. If so, then dolorimetry, a proxy for tenderness, may be correlated with subjective symptoms. The relationship with fatigue was assessed in Chronic Idiopathic Fatigue (CIF).

Serotonin 5-HT and 5-HT receptors differentially modulate the acquisition and expression of voluntary alcohol drinking in male mice.

Introduction: Studies suggest that serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in alcohol use disorder (AUD). While several receptor subtypes modulate the role of 5-HT in AUD, evidence suggests that 5-HT and 5-HT receptors may be directly involved in alcohol drinking due to their interaction with the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 5-HT and 5-HT antagonists, alone or in combination, on the acquisition and expression (i.

Improved High Resolution Heat Exposure Assessment With Personal Weather Stations and Spatiotemporal Bayesian Models.

Most of the United States (US) population resides in cities, where they are subjected to the urban heat island effect. In this study, we develop a method to estimate hourly air temperatures at resolution, improving exposure assessment of US population when compared to existing gridded products. We use an extensive network of personal weather stations to capture the intra-urban variability.

GoldenBraid2.0 : a comprehensive and characterized toolkit for enterics.

Modular cloning systems streamline laboratory workflows by consolidating genetic 'parts' into reusable and modular collections, enabling researchers to fast-track strain construction. The GoldenBraid 2.0 modular cloning system utilizes the cutting property of type IIS restriction enzymes to create defined genetic 'grammars', which facilitate the reuse of standardized genetic parts and assembly of genetic parts in the right order.

Drought adaptation index (DAI) based on BLUP as a selection approach for drought-resilient switchgrass germplasm.

This study introduces a Drought Adaptation Index (DAI), derived from Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), as a method to assess drought resilience in switchgrass ( L.). A panel of 404 genotypes was evaluated under drought-stressed (CV) and well-watered (UC) conditions over four consecutive years (2019-2022).

Comparative analysis of sex-dependent serum metabolomic patterns across the lifespan of rhesus macaques.

Introduction: Aging is accompanied by systemic metabolic changes that contribute to disease susceptibility and functional decline. Sex differences in aging have been reported in humans, yet their mechanistic basis remains poorly understood. Due to their physiological similarity to humans, rhesus macaques are a powerful translational model to investigate sex-specific metabolomic aging under controlled conditions.

Psychology's Questionable Research Fundamentals (QRFs): Key problems in quantitative psychology and psychological measurement beyond Questionable Research Practices (QRPs).

Psychology's crises (e.g., replicability, generalisability) are currently believed to derive from Questionable Research Practices (QRPs), thus scientific misconduct.