Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion does not increase the risk of infection after liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is a crucial treatment for end-stage liver disease, but the limited organ supply has led to the use of extended criteria donors (ECD). The implementation of dynamic preservation techniques like hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) is crucial in improving outcomes for ECD grafts. However, graft contamination and infection are a concern.

Analyzing characteristics of immersive virtual reality experiences for chronic pain management: Assessing the interrater reliability of the Virtual Reality Activity Analysis for Pain instrument.

Introduction: Immersive virtual reality is increasingly used to treat chronic pain. Commercial virtual reality experiences offer a way to integrate immersive virtual reality into clinical practice, but selecting appropriate virtual reality experiences for specific patient goals is challenging. We developed the Virtual Reality Activity Analysis for Pain to help occupational therapy professionals assess virtual reality experience physical, sensory, mental, and psychosocial components relevant to chronic pain treatment.

The development of prosocial risk-taking behavior: Mechanisms and opportunities.

Many young people are inclined toward risk taking and also toward helping other people. is a term that can describe different ways that youth provide significant instrumental and emotional support to family members, friends, and strangers, even when it involves a personal risk. In this article, we review research about different types of prosocial risk taking and highlight examples, emphasizing a developmental perspective by examining change across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood.

Prospective COPD Case Finding in a Lung Cancer Screening Program: A Pilot Study.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Because screening asymptomatic individuals for COPD is not recommended, several case-finding tools have been explored. The CAPTURE questionnaire and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (CAPTURE tool) have been tested in the primary care setting, with disappointing results.

The duration and intensity of adolescents' childcare and eldercare responsibilities: Links to short- and long-term educational outcomes.

This longitudinal study documents individual differences in the intensity and duration of adolescents' childcare and eldercare responsibilities from ages 14 to 18. Further, it investigates how adolescents' caregiving responsibilities are associated with socioeconomic background, and educational achievement in high school and at midlife. Participants ( = 1,130, 52% female, 12% Asian, 9% Black, 4% Hispanic) were followed longitudinally from ages 14 to 46.

Conserved interactions with stromal and immune cells coordinate de novo B-cell lymphopoiesis in fetal intestines.

Recent findings suggest that the small intestine (SI) is a novel site for B cell lymphopoiesis during fetal and neonatal life. However, the unique and/or conserved features that enable B cell development at this site remain unclear. To investigate the molecular and cellular scaffolds for B cell lymphopoiesis in mouse and human fetal intestines we leveraged single-cell RNA sequencing, in situ immunofluorescence, spatial transcriptomics and high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry.

Some Observations on Paleologic Thinking in Borderline Personality Disorder.

Paleologic thinking, a prelogical mode of reasoning described by Silvano Arieti, is characterized by emotion-driven, retrospective reasoning and has been observed in severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. The author explores its relevance to borderline personality disorder, an area that has been historically understudied. Patients with borderline personality disorder often regress into paleologic modes of thought during interpersonal distress, resulting in illogical conclusions driven by feelings rather than evidence.

A Case of Sarcoidal Granulomatous Dermatitis and Vasculitis in a 28-Year-Old Woman.

Granulomatous vasculitis represents a rare cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis, a multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with new-onset tender, nonpruritic, erythematous papules coalescing into plaques and subcutaneous nodules on her lower legs, accompanied by anterior uveitis, exertional dyspnea, and constitutional symptoms including fatigue and night sweats. Punch biopsy revealed non-necrotizing epithelioid granulomas with vasculitic changes, consistent with cutaneous sarcoidal granulomatous vasculitis.

Can Large Artificial Intelligence-Based Linguistic Models Help to Obtain Information About Burning Mouth Syndrome?

Objective: Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is an idiopathic chronic orofacial pain disorder with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Inexperienced clinicians may desperately resort to online information. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness, quality, and readability of responses generated by three artificial intelligence large language models (AI-LLMs)-ChatGPT-4, Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot-to frequent questions about BMS.

Patient-Driven Sharing of Health Information: A National Effort to Advance Equitable Interoperability.

The goal of national interoperability is to improve care quality and decrease administrative burden and costs. Patients, providers, and other stakeholders are increasingly concerned that indiscriminate sharing of data may have deleterious, permanent consequences, as well as fail to provide granular control over the sharing of individual health data. Data segmentation and consent standards to date have been limited in scope and implementation, which has hindered efforts to scale data sharing preferences.

Environmental Exposures and COVID-19 Experiences in the United States, 2020-2022.

Certain environmental exposures are associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality. To determine whether environmental context is associated with other COVID-19 experiences, we used data from the nationally representative Tufts Equity in Health, Wealth, and Civic Engagement Study data ( = 1785; three survey waves 2020-2022 for adults in the United States). Environmental context was assessed using self-reported climate stress and county-level air pollution, greenness, toxic release inventory site, and heatwave data.

Development of a Theory-Based mHealth App for Fatigue Management in Lupus: Human-Centered Design Approach.

Background: Fatigue is a highly prevalent and debilitating symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), significantly affecting the quality of life and employment of those living with the disease. Nonpharmacologic approaches, such as physical activity interventions, have shown promise in reducing fatigue but are often resource-intensive and lack grounding in behavior change theory. Mobile health (mHealth) technology offers a scalable approach to delivering behavioral interventions.

Ceftriaxone to prevent early-onset pneumonia in comatose patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a pilot randomized controlled trial and resistome assessment (PROTECT).

Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) reduces early-onset pneumonia, but has uncertain impact on mortality and non-infectious outcomes, with ongoing concerns about the subsequent development of antibiotic resistance.

Research Question: Does prophylactic ceftriaxone reduce the incidence of early-onset pneumonia without increasing the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes after OHCA?

Study Design: and Methods: Comatose survivors of OHCA treated with targeted temperature management without a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia at admission were randomized to ceftriaxone 2 gm or matching placebo every 12 hours for three days. The primary outcome was early-onset pneumonia occurring ≤4 days after intubation confirmed by blinded adjudicators.

Macrophages orchestrate elimination of Shigella from the intestinal epithelial cell niche via TLR-induced IL-12 and IFN-γ.

Bacteria of the genus Shigella replicate in intestinal epithelial cells and cause shigellosis, a severe diarrheal disease that resolves spontaneously in most healthy individuals. During shigellosis, neutrophils are abundantly recruited to the gut and have long been thought to be central to Shigella control and pathogenesis. However, how shigellosis resolves remains poorly understood due to the longstanding lack of a tractable and physiological animal model.

Factors affecting time to surgery and mobilization following hip fracture.

Introduction: Faster time to operative fixation and mobilization decreases morbidity and mortality for hip fracture patients. Many hospitals are working at or above their capacity and beds in surgical floors for surgical patients may not be available. The purpose of this study was to determine if the floor of admission after a hip fracture impacts time to surgical fixation and time to mobilization after surgery.

Feasibility of a Community-Based Boxing Program with Tailored Balance Training in Parkinson's Disease: A Preliminary Study.

Background/objectives: Persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at elevated risk of falling due to deficits in postural control, lower limb strength, and sensory integration. While community-based boxing programs (CBPs) have shown promise in improving strength and balance, their feasibility and potential role in addressing fall risk remain unclear. This preliminary, prospective cohort study explored the feasibility of a CBP enhanced with individualized balance training tailored to somatosensory deficits and explored early indications of potential impact on fall risk and related outcomes.

A Compact Base Editor Rescues AATD-associated Liver and Lung Disease in Mouse Models.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is commonly caused by a G-to-A mutation in the SERPINA1 gene (the PiZ mutation). The mutant PiZ AAT protein is sequestered in hepatocytes, causing lung emphysema due to insufficient AAT protein to inhibit neutrophil elastase in the lung. Here, we show that a compact adenine base editor (ABE) with an evolved Cas9 nickase derived from Neisseria meningitidis (eNme2.

Projection-specific roles of basolateral amygdala Thy1 neurons in alcohol-induced place preference.

Alcohol seeking during abstinence is mediated in part by strong associations between the pharmacological effects of alcohol and the environment within which alcohol is administered. The amygdala, particularly the basolateral amygdala (BLA), is a key neural substrate of environmental cue and reward associations since it is involved in associative learning and memory recall. However, we still lack a clear understanding of how alcohol affects the activity of BLA neurons, which may encode information that drives environmental cue-dependent, alcohol-related behaviors.

Bridging known and unknown dynamics by transformer-based machine-learning inference from sparse observations.

In applications, an anticipated issue is where the system of interest has never been encountered before and sparse observations can be made only once. Can the dynamics be faithfully reconstructed? We address this challenge by developing a hybrid transformer and reservoir-computing scheme. The transformer is trained without using data from the target system, but with essentially unlimited synthetic data from known chaotic systems.

Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Cefepime-Enmetazobactam: A Systematic Review.

Cefepime-enmetazobactam is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination showing good activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria producing a variety of β-lactamases. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the available data on resistance to this drug. We performed a thorough search of four databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), as well as backward citation searching, to identify studies containing data on resistance to cefepime-enmetazobactam.

Maternal Adherence to Healthy Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain.

: Suboptimal gestational weight gain (GWG) has been linked to increased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. Evidence linking diet in pregnancy to GWG remains limited. We assessed relationships between adherence to five dietary patterns (Planetary Health Diet [PHD], Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH], Alternate Mediterranean Diet [AMED], Healthy Eating Index [HEI], and Alternate Healthy Eating Index [AHEI]) and 2009 Institute of Medicine GWG categories.

Ultra-Processed Food and Frailty: Evidence from a Prospective Cohort Study and Implications for Future Research.

Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs) make up a growing share of older adults' diets and may contribute to frailty through pro-inflammatory pathways. The objective of this study was to examine the association of UPF intake with frailty development and with annual changes in select frailty components. This prospective cohort study used data from 2547 participants in the Framingham Offspring Cohort.

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Circulating Serum Choline, Betaine, Dimethylglycine, and Their Ratios.

Genetic variation has been thought to alter the human dietary requirement for choline and subsequent circulating levels of its metabolites betaine and dimethylglycine (DMG). The aim of this genome-wide association study (GWAS) was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine (DMG) as well as choline-to-betaine and betaine-to-DMG ratios. Data from the Collaborative Study of Genes, Nutrients and Metabolites (CSGNM; = 2402) were used to model individual associations of choline, betaine, and DMG circulating metabolites and their ratios with 680,975 SNPs, using linear regression.

Consilience in Causation: Causal Emergence Is Found Across Measures of Causation.

Causation is fundamentally important to science, and yet our understanding of causation is spread out across disparate fields, with different measures of causation having been proposed in philosophy, statistics, psychology, and other areas. Here we examined over a dozen popular measures of causation, all independently developed and widely used, originating in different fields. We identify a high degree of consilience, in that measures are often very similar, or indeed often rediscovered.