Alcohol and tobacco use among sexual and gender minority cancer survivors in relation to urbanicity/rurality.

Purpose: Understanding how place of residence affects cancer-related health risks is paramount to addressing health disparities in sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer survivors. This study examined the associations between urbanicity and other social drivers of health on current tobacco and alcohol use in SGM cancer survivors.

Methods: The OUT: National Cancer Survey Study was a cross-sectional, online survey created by the National LGBT Cancer Network (NLCN) from September 2020 to March 2021, targeting U.

Scrolling surgeons: Assessment of social media and artificial intelligence usage in gynecologic oncology fellows and fellowship programs.

Objectives: This study examines gynecologic oncology fellows' perceptions and use of social media and artificial intelligence (AI) and their perception of virtual fellowship interviews.

Methods: A cross-sectional, IRB-approved survey was distributed to fellows enrolled in ACGME-accredited gynecologic oncology programs across the United States in December 2023. The survey collected demographic data and assessed social media engagement, AI utilization, and perceptions of their applicability in clinical, educational, and professional settings.

Prospective assessment of prognostic significance of malignant peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer: An NRG Oncology / Gynecologic Oncology Group study on GOG-210 protocol.

Objective: To examine the association between malignant peritoneal cytology and survival outcomes in endometrial cancer.

Methods: This was an ancillary analysis of prospectively collected surgical-pathological data in the NRG Oncology / Gynecologic Oncology Group study on GOG-210 protocol. The study population included 2383 patients with stage I-III endometrial cancer from 2003 to 2011.

-cigarette market proportion by nicotine claims in the United States.

Objective: Nicotine concentration, form (salt vs. freebase), and type (synthetic vs. tobacco-derived) are key characteristics of e-cigarettes that manufacturers manipulate.

TGFβ limits proximal CD8+ TCR signaling via PTPN22 following strong and moderate agonism.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is an immunosuppressive cytokine that is overexpressed in tumor microenvironments. We have shown that CD8+ T cells with genetic ablation of the TGFβ type I receptor, Alk5 (CD8ΔALK5), were more sensitive to αCD3 stimulation resulting in enhanced proliferation and cytokine production. Based on these data, we hypothesized that TGFβ impaired T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling.

Exploratory evaluation of immunotherapy response and medication use in endometrial and cervical carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the effect of medication use during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy on treatment response and oncologic outcomes.

Methods: An IRB-approved single-institution retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) and cervical cancer (CC) who were treated with ICIs from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2023. Concomitant medications used during the ICI course were recorded.

Imposters, Bots, and Other Threats to Data Integrity in Online Research: Scoping Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Best Practices.

Background: Threats to data integrity have always existed in online human subjects research, but it appears these threats have become more common and more advanced in recent years. Researchers have proposed various techniques to address satisficers, repeat participants, bots, and fraudulent participants; yet, no synthesis of this literature has been conducted.

Objective: This study undertakes a scoping review of recent methods and ethical considerations for addressing threats to data integrity in online research.

Adjuvant capecitabine in patients with triple-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: For patients diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), residual disease (RD) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is associated with increased rates of recurrence and poor prognosis. Adjuvant therapy with capecitabine is considered standard management for TNBC-RD based on the CREATE-X study, although real-world data are limited. Real-world utilization of adjuvant capecitabine for patients with TNBC-RD and the association of capecitabine with survival outcomes remains largely unknown.

Targeting TGFβ docking receptor Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP) via novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell platform to treat glioblastoma.

Background: Glycoprotein A-repetitions predominant (GARP) is a cell surface non-signaling receptor for docking and activating latent transforming growth factor beta (LTGFβ) expressed by regulatory T cells, platelets and tumor cells. In lung and breast cancers, its expression correlates with advanced stage and poor prognosis - suggesting that GARP could act as a therapeutic target. This study examines the therapeutic impact of targeting GARP in glioblastoma (GBM) via a novel anti-GARP chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cell (CAR-T) modality in murine models of GBM.

Loss of ICOSL expression in the progression to cervical carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related lesions contain types with benign outcomes and those with a risk of progression to cancer. We addressed the role of immune surveillance in 76 cervical biopsies (normal = 23, HPV+ benign = 16, HPV+ precancer = 37) by studying the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and the expression of the immune modulators PDL1, ICOSL, and and compared the data to 101 cervical squamous cell carcinomas. In the normal cervix, ICOSL expression was restricted to the endocervical epithelia whereas neither nor PDL1 were detected.

Promoter- and enhancer-dependent cohesin loading initiates chromosome looping to fold Tcrb loci for long-range recombination.

Cohesin-mediated chromosome looping regulates diverse processes, including antigen receptor (AgR) gene assembly by V(D)J recombination. To understand the mechanisms that coordinate genome topologies, we focused on a genetically tractable AgR locus, Tcrb. Cohesin loading and initiation of loop extrusion (LE) from a nearby CTCF-binding element (CBE) required the promoter of the most 5'Vb segment, creating long-range contacts with downstream DJb segments in the recombination center (RC).

Integrated molecular and clinical characterization of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare, aggressive lung tumor marked by significant molecular heterogeneity. In a study of 590 patients across two independent cohorts, we observe comparable overall survival across treatment regimens (chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, immunotherapy) without unexpected adverse events. Genomic analysis identifies distinct non-small cell lung cancer-like (NSCLC-like, KEAP1, KRAS, STK11 mutations) and SCLC-like (RB1, TP53 mutations) LCNEC subtypes, with 80% aligning with SCLC transcriptional profiles.

O-GlcNAc transferase plays dual antiviral roles by integrating innate immunity and lipid metabolism.

Viral infection induces robust reprogramming of metabolic pathways in host cells. However, whether host metabolic enzymes detect viral components remains unknown. Our group and others previously identified O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), an important glucose metabolic enzyme, as a crucial mediator of the antiviral immune responses.

Urological Procedures and Impact on Advanced Practice Provider Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Salary: AUA Census Analysis.

Introduction: More than 25% of advanced practice providers (APPs) in urology suffer from burnout. We hypothesized that procedural independence would be associated with lower burnout, higher job satisfaction, and higher salary for urologic APPs.

Methods: The AUA Census data were used to conduct a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Innovation in next-generation sequencing in non-small cell lung cancer diagnostics.

Introduction: In the era of precision medicine, molecular biomarker testing is increasingly becoming the standard of care for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tissue and liquid biopsy-based Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is now highly recommended.

Areas Covered: Different NGS platforms emerged as a cost-effective strategy to perform a massive and parallel sequencing performing higher technical sensitivity than old generation technologies in detecting low abundant alterations in challenging diagnostic samples.

Developing biomarkers and methods of risk stratification: Consensus statements from the International Kidney Cancer Symposium North America 2024 Think Tank.

Accurate prognostication and personalized treatment selection remain major challenges in kidney cancer. This consensus initiative aimed to provide actionable expert guidance on the development and clinical integration of prognostic and predictive biomarkers and risk stratification tools to improve patient care and guide future research. A modified Delphi method was employed to develop consensus statements among a multidisciplinary panel of experts in urologic oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, molecular biology, radiology, outcomes research, biostatistics, industry, and patient advocacy.

Evaluation of the combination lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in endometrial cancer; a real world multi-institutional review of practice patterns, efficacy and tolerability.

Objective: KEYNOTE-775 defined lenvatinib/pembrolizumab as the new standard-of-care for patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) recurrent EC. However, the regimen required dose reductions in 66.5 % of participants and the generalizability of these results was uncertain.

Alpha-synuclein abundance and localization are regulated by the RNA-binding protein PUMILIO1.

The protein α-synuclein, encoded by SNCA, accumulates in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies for reasons that remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether SNCA is regulated in vivo by the RNA-binding protein PUM1. We establish that PUM1 binds to SNCA's 3' UTR in mouse and human cells.

Long-Term Adverse Events Following Early Breast Cancer Treatment with a Focus on the -Mutated Population.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy in women worldwide. Despite most cases being diagnosed in the early stages, patients typically require a multimodal treatment approach. This typically involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, systemic treatments (including chemotherapy or immunotherapy), targeted therapy, and endocrine therapy, depending on the disease subtype and the risk of recurrence.

Activation of the HPV16 late promoter by viral E2 and cellular BRD4 and ZC3H4 proteins.

Unlabelled: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), particularly HPV16, are major causes of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV late promoter, P670 in the case of HPV16, is activated upon host cell differentiation and drives the expression of viral capsid proteins. While differentiation-specific host transcription factors have been implicated in regulating this promoter, the mechanism remains incompletely understood.

ShinyEvents: harmonizing longitudinal data for real world survival estimation.

Longitudinal data analysis of the patient's treatment course is critical to uncovering variables that influence outcomes. However, existing tools have significant limitations in integrating multilayered time-series data. Here, we developed ShinyEvents, a web-based framework for complex longitudinal data analysis.

Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial of biosimilar CT-P16 and reference bevacizumab in patients with metastatic or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Data from the CT-P16 3.1 study demonstrated equivalent efficacy between CT-P16, a bevacizumab biosimilar, and European-approved reference bevacizumab (EU-bevacizumab) for the primary endpoint of objective response rate (ORR) during induction treatment in patients with metastatic or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We now present long-term findings.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in combination with PANVAC™ vs. BCG alone in adults with high-grade BCG-refractory non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: We postulated that PANVAC™, a recombinant poxviral vector vaccine, could enhance the immunologic and clinical response to an additional induction course of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in patients with recurrent high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, prospective, phase II study in subjects with high-grade NMIBC who had failed at least 1 induction course of intravesical BCG. Patients were randomized to either BCG alone or BCG+PANVAC.