Regulation of Intracuff Pressure by Measurement of the Ratio of Expiratory to Inspiratory Tidal Volumes.

Introduction: Endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressures that exceed 20-30 cmHO may lead to iatrogenic adverse effects such as cough, sore throat, and tracheal edema or more serious complications including tracheal stenosis, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and tracheal rupture. The current study evaluates a novel technique, titration of the ratio of expiratory to inspiratory tidal volumes (TV), to regulate intracuff pressure.

Methods: This prospective, cross-over trial measured intracuff pressure in a cohort of pediatric patients presenting for general anesthesia with an ETT.

Show Me the Money: A Movement Towards Transparency in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Compensation.

Background: National studies report sustained gender-based differences in physician compensation, even after adjustment for workplace factors such as academic rank, specialty type, and work hours. This study examines differences in compensation among pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows' first job after training.

Methods: Between May 2023 and June 2023, we distributed an electronic survey to all United States PEM fellowship program directors (FPDs), requesting they forward it to their graduating fellows.

-cigarette market proportion by nicotine claims in the United States.

Objective: Nicotine concentration, form (salt vs. freebase), and type (synthetic vs. tobacco-derived) are key characteristics of e-cigarettes that manufacturers manipulate.

Characteristics of Transfusion and Association With Oncologic Outcomes in Hepatoblastoma Resection.

Introduction: Children with hepatoblastoma (HB) and other solid tumors frequently undergo intraoperative blood transfusion (IBT) with unknown impact on oncologic outcomes and scant data to guide transfusion in this population. This study tested the hypothesis that IBT is associated with poorer survival in children with HB.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective observational study of patients aged <18 years with HB who underwent primary tumor resection, including liver transplantation, from 2010 to 2019 was performed at 19 institutions.

Chronic overlapping pain conditions in individuals with active opioid use disorder: a descriptive study of syringe program participants.

Background: Comorbidity between opioid use disorder (OUD) and chronic pain is substantial. Pain has been shown to be a motivator for OUD onset, maintenance, relapse, and treatment delay. A cluster of pain conditions known as chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs), also now referred to in contemporary ICD classification as primary pain conditions, are particularly refractory to traditional forms of pain treatment, and likely adversely impact comorbid OUD.

Analysis of system and scanner downtime in a digital pathology-predominant institution: A 6-year experience.

Objective: To determine trends in system and scanner downtime in our institution's digital pathology pipeline since its implementation.

Methods: Scanner and system downtime data were tabulated from a period beginning in 2017 and ending in 2022. Downtime events were categorized based on their etiology, such as image management system related for the overall system or hardware vs software related for the scanner.

The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Quality of Life in a Cohort of 1300 Children With Epilepsy.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with epilepsy is a measure of the impact of epilepsy on mental and physical health. Although epilepsy features, treatments, and developmental/learning issues impact HRQoL, less data exist on how social, non-disease-related factors play a role. This retrospective observational study examines the association of social determinants of health (SDOH) with HRQoL in children with epilepsy.

Exploratory evaluation of immunotherapy response and medication use in endometrial and cervical carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the effect of medication use during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy on treatment response and oncologic outcomes.

Methods: An IRB-approved single-institution retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) and cervical cancer (CC) who were treated with ICIs from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2023. Concomitant medications used during the ICI course were recorded.

Reliability assessment of power wheelchairs.

Objective: To develop and assess new reliability performance measures for wheelchair devices using reliability engineering methods and compare them across wheelchair models.

Design, Setting And Participants: This retrospective study analyzes wheelchair repair data from n = 1092 power wheelchairs prescribed by the National Health Service (NHS) through the West of Scotland Mobility and Rehabilitation Centre (WestMARC) between December 2007 and October 2013 in Greater Glasgow, Scotland, UK. This dataset was received by The Ohio State University in 2022, and repairable systems reliability analysis was performed.

Lay health navigators: an initiative to navigate community members into lung cancer screening.

This manuscript aims to describe the development and evaluation of a lung cancer education and navigation program utilizing Lay Health Navigators (LHNs) to navigate members of at-risk communities to low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening. Given observed higher lung cancer incidence and mortality rates among people of colour in the U.S.

mA and cardiac posttranscriptional regulation: a novel player in heart development and disease.

The growing body of research on cardiac epitranscriptomic factors has underscored their potential biological roles and impact on heart development and disease. While transcriptional and translational regulation of cardiac genes in the developing heart has been extensively studied, the potential roles of posttranscriptional regulation of cardiac mRNAs remain a significant gap in our understanding. In addition, discrepancies between transcriptomes and proteomes in both embryonic and adult hearts are well recognized, further suggesting an emerging regulatory role of the epitranscriptome in cardiac biology.

Predictors of blood loss, operative time, and length of stay in adult spinal deformity surgery: a retrospective cohort study in Southeastern United States.

Study Design: Single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery between 2009 and 2021.

Purpose: To identify preoperative and intraoperative risk factors associated with increased estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, and length of stay (LOS) in ASD surgery.

Overview Of Literature: Identifying risk factors associated with these outcomes may help improve surgical planning and outcomes in ASD surgery.

ADHD Diagnosis and Timing of Medication Initiation Among Children Aged 3 to 5 Years.

Importance: Early identification and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in preschool-age children is important for mitigating social, emotional, and academic problems. Clinical practice guidelines recommend first-line behavior intervention before considering medication treatment for children aged 4 to 5 years.

Objective: To assess variation in rates of ADHD identification and rates and timing of medication initiation in children aged 3 to 5 years in primary care settings across 8 US pediatric health systems and to identify patient factors associated with the time from diagnosis to prescription.

Hospital Security Team Involvement in Emergency Mental Health Care of Patients.

Importance: Hospital-based security teams assist emergency department (ED) staff when there is a risk to staff or patient safety.

Objective: To describe the current practice of hospital security assistance during emergency mental health care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This qualitative study with mixed methods was a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of patients in the ED for mental health concerns who received involuntary sedation from 2020 to 2021.

Direct oHSV Infection Induces DC Maturation and a Tumor Therapeutic Response.

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is a promising cancer immunotherapy that induces tumor cell lysis and stimulates anti-tumor immunity. Our previous single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of oHSV-treated medulloblastoma tumors revealed expansion and activation of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs), and direct oHSV infection of DCs within the brain. While the therapeutic effects of oHSVs have been primarily attributed to tumor cell infection, we hypothesize that direct infection of DCs also contributes to therapeutic efficacy by promoting DC maturation and immune activation.

The price of delay: Insurance-related treatment delays in patients with gynecologic cancer receiving immunotherapy.

Objective: To assess factors impacting insurance-related treatment delay in patients with gynecologic cancer receiving immunotherapy (IO).

Methods: A retrospective single-institution cohort study was performed in patients with gynecologic cancers receiving IO between 2017 and 2023. Treatment delays were defined as ≥14 days to treatment and severe delays were defined as ≥28 days to treatment.

Regulation of atrial and ventricular cardiomyocyte identity.

Establishment and maintenance of specialized CMs in the heart is critical for the proper cardiac structure and function. Conversely, loss or gain of their identities is associated with various heart diseases such as cardiac arrythmia and cardiomyopathy. CM identity is established during early heart development and continues to be maintained under normal physiological condition, and this is predominantly accomplished by gene regulation.

Targeting TGFβ docking receptor Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP) via novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell platform to treat glioblastoma.

Background: Glycoprotein A-repetitions predominant (GARP) is a cell surface non-signaling receptor for docking and activating latent transforming growth factor beta (LTGFβ) expressed by regulatory T cells, platelets and tumor cells. In lung and breast cancers, its expression correlates with advanced stage and poor prognosis - suggesting that GARP could act as a therapeutic target. This study examines the therapeutic impact of targeting GARP in glioblastoma (GBM) via a novel anti-GARP chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cell (CAR-T) modality in murine models of GBM.