The impact of artificial intelligence on biomarker discovery.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming many fields, including healthcare and medicine. In biomarker discovery, AI algorithms have had a profound impact, thanks to their ability to derive insights from complex high-dimensional datasets and integrate multi-modal datatypes (such as omics, electronic health records, imaging or sensor and wearable data). However, despite the proliferation of AI-powered biomarkers, significant hurdles still remain in translating them to the clinic and driving adoption, including lack of population diversity, difficulties accessing harmonised data, costly and time-consuming clinical studies, evolving AI regulatory frameworks and absence of scalable diagnostic infrastructure.

Acromioclavicular Separations: Complications and How to Avoid Them.

Management of acromioclavicular separations remains controversial. A variety of surgical techniques have been described, but no clear consensus has formed regarding optimal treatment. As these techniques have evolved, so have the complication profiles.

"Just Being Connected, It's Like a Way of Resisting": Latinx Youth Strengthening Cultural Ties as Resilience and Resistance in the Deep South.

Over the last decade, a range of research has demonstrated the detrimental impacts of policies criminalizing migration ("crimmigration") on Latinx mental health. In this study, we seek to examine youth perspectives on how crimmigration policies affect Latinx adolescents' connections to Latinx identity, culture, and communities and the implications for Latinx youth mental health. We explored how immigration enforcement policies affect Latinx youths' mental health using photovoice with ten youth in a high-deportation county in Atlanta in 2022.

Stress and Well-Being Intervention and mHealth Delivery Adaptation for Latinx Millennial Caregivers: A Qualitative User-Centered Approach.

Background: The study aimed to adapt a stress and well-being intervention delivered via a mobile health (mHealth) app for Latinx Millennial caregivers. This demographic, born between 1981 and 1996, represents a significant portion of caregivers in the United States, with unique challenges due to higher mental distress and poorer physical health compared to non-caregivers. Latinx Millennial caregivers face additional barriers, including higher uninsured rates and increased caregiving burdens.

Biosynthesis of Unnatural Cyclodipeptides through Genetic Code Expansion and Cyclodipeptide Synthase Evolution.

Genetic code expansion (GCE) technology has primarily been devoted to the introduction of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into ribosomally synthesized proteins or peptides. Its potential for modifying nonribosomal natural products remains unexplored. In this study, we introduce a novel strategy that integrates GCE with the directed evolution of cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS) to engineer a new class of CDPSs capable of biosynthesizing cyclodipeptides containing ncAAs.

Mo Atom Rearrangement Drives Layer-Dependent Reactivity in Two-Dimensional MoS.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer a valuable platform for manipulating and studying chemical reactions at the atomic level, owing to the ease of controlling their microscopic structure at the nanometer scale. While extensive research has been conducted on the structure-dependent chemical activity of 2D materials, the influence of structural transformation during the reaction has remained largely unexplored. In this work, we report the layer-dependent chemical reactivity of MoS during a nitridation atomic substitution reaction and attribute it to the rearrangement of Mo atoms.

Reduced sleep irregularity does not impact peripheral vascular function before or following total sleep deprivation.

Consistent sleep patterns are associated with better cardiovascular health, while sleep loss is known to impair vascular function. This study examined whether consistent sleep could improve vascular function and mitigate the negative effect of 25-hour total sleep deprivation. Sixteen healthy adults (10 females, 6 males; 34 ± 9 years; BMI: 25 ± 3 kg/m²) completed a randomized crossover study involving two 12-night sleep conditions, habitual sleep and a consistent sleep/wake schedule that were separated by a 1-2-week washout.

Pathophysiological levels of extracellular calcium and potassium induce seizure-like discharges: identification of synaptic and non-synaptic components.

Although glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses are important in seizure generation, the contribution of non-synaptic ionic and electrical mechanisms to synchronization of seizure-prone hippocampal neurons remains unclear. Here, we developed a physiologically relevant model to study these mechanisms by inducing prolonged seizure-like discharges (SLDs) in hippocampal slices from male rats through modest, sustained ionic manipulations. Specifically, we reduced extracellular calcium to 0.

Incidence and Outcomes of Pericardial Effusion After Congenital Heart Surgery.

Pericardial effusion (PCE) represents a significant postoperative complication following congenital heart surgery (CHS), contributing to more complex postoperative care and heightened morbidity. In this study, we aim to elucidate the risk factors contributing to PCE development post-CHS through analysis of data from a nationwide, multi-institutional database. Review of the Pediatric Health Information System Database from January 1, 2004, to December 30, 2023.

The association between reproductive factors and neurocognitive and neuroimaging markers of brain aging.

BackgroundWomen have a higher risk of dementia than men. Reproductive factors may be implicated.ObjectiveDetermine the association between reproductive factors (earlier menarche, later menopause, longer reproductive lifespan (RLS), post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy [pmHRT] use, and serum estradiol/estrone) and neurocognitive and neuroimaging markers of brain aging and incident dementia in cognitively healthy women.

BISON: Bi-clustering of spatial omics data with feature selection.

Motivation: The advent of next-generation sequencing-based spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) techniques has reshaped genomic studies by enabling high-throughput gene expression profiling while preserving spatial and morphological context. Understanding gene functions and interactions in different spatial domains is crucial, as it can enhance our comprehension of biological mechanisms, such as cancer-immune interactions and cell differentiation in various regions. It is necessary to cluster tissue regions into distinct spatial domains and identify discriminating genes that elucidate the clustering result, referred to as spatial domain-specific discriminating genes (DGs).

Complexity and Health Care Utilization in Infant ESKD.

Background: Dialysis in neonates with ESKD is often associated with multiple comorbidities and the need for more intensified dialysis regimens. With recent advances in prenatal interventions and infant specific KRT, survival of neonates with ESKD has improved over the last decade. Little is known however about the impact on the health care system of improved survival in this population.

A multi-omics recovery factor predicts long COVID in the IMPACC study.

Background: Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, ~10-35% of COVID-19 patients experience long COVID (LC), in which debilitating symptoms persist for at least three months. Elucidating biologic underpinnings of LC could identify therapeutic opportunities.

Methods: We utilized machine learning methods on biologic analytes provided over 12-months after hospital discharge from >500 COVID-19 patients in the IMPACC cohort to identify a multi-omics "recovery factor", trained on patient-reported physical function survey scores.

Multi-omic analysis reveals a key BCAT1 role in mTOR activation by B-cell receptor and TLR9.

B-lymphocytes play major adaptive immune roles, producing antibody and driving T-cell responses. However, how immunometabolism networks support B-cell activation and differentiation in response to distinct receptor stimuli remains incompletely understood. To gain insights, we systematically investigated acute primary human B-cell transcriptional, translational and metabolomic responses to B-cell receptor (BCR), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), CD40-ligand (CD40L), interleukin-4 (IL4) or combinations thereof.

From molecular damage and viscoelasticity to interfacial fracture in soft polymer networks: Insights from mechanochemistry.

Many soft, tough materials have emerged in recent years, paving the way for advances in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and flexible displays. However, understanding the interfacial fracture behavior of these materials remains a significant challenge, owing to the difficulty of quantifying the respective contributions from viscoelasticity and damage to energy dissipation ahead of cracks. This work aims to address this challenge by labeling a series of polymer networks with fluorogenic mechanophores, subjecting them to T-peel tests at various rates and temperatures, and quantifying their force-induced damage using a confocal microscope.

Psychoacoustic assessment of misophonia.

Misophonia is a condition characterized by intense negative emotional reactions to trigger sounds and related stimuli. In this study, adult listeners (N = 15) with a self-reported history of misophonia symptoms and a control group without misophonia (N = 15) completed listening judgements of recorded misophonia trigger stimuli using a standard scale. Participants also completed an established questionnaire of misophonia symptoms, the Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ).

Bone Representation Effects on Carpal Kinematics in Wrist Finite Element Models: A Methodological Comparison.

Wrist biomechanics remain incompletely understood due to the complexity of experimental measurements in this multi-bone joint system. Finite element analysis provides a powerful alternative for investigating internal variables such as carpal kinematics and displacement patterns. This technical brief compares two bone representation approaches, all-cortical versus cortical-trabecular, using two distinct finite element models developed from the same wrist CT dataset.

Diagnostic approach for post-COVID-19 mucormycosis.

The COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in India, continues to pose a major threat to public health owing to the large number of patients that remain affected. The second wave of COVID-19 has brought with it several opportunistic diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, including mucormycosis, which is a well-known fungal infection primarily encountered in immunocompromised individuals through inhalation. In recent times, mucormycosis has become increasingly common in COVID-19 patients, particularly those with comorbidities such as diabetes, and has been observed to induce secondary infections as it spreads with COVID-19 treatment.

Endothelin B receptor inhibition rescues aging-dependent neuronal regenerative decline.

Peripheral sensory neurons regenerate their axons after injury to regain function, but this ability declines with age. The mechanisms behind this decline are not fully understood. While excessive production of endothelin 1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is linked to many diseases that increase with age, the role of ET-1 and its receptors in axon regeneration is unknown.

ATG16L1 controls mammalian vacuolar proton ATPase.

The mechanisms governing mammalian proton pump V-ATPase function are of fundamental and medical interest. The assembly and disassembly of cytoplasmic V1 domain with the membrane-embedded V0 domain of V-ATPase is a key aspect of V-ATPase localization and function. Here, we show that the mammalian protein ATG16L1, primarily appreciated for its role in canonical autophagy and in noncanonical membrane atg8ylation processes, controls V-ATPase.

Examining the Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Burnout Among Nurses.

Introduction: Health professionals may be susceptible to misusing alcohol due to stress and burnout. This is especially true in states with high alcohol consumption. Health care organizations can implement evidence-based policies, programs, and solutions that identify, address, and help prevent adverse outcomes and burnout for health workers.

Targeting LxCxE cleft pocket of retinoblastoma protein in immunosuppressive macrophages inhibits ovarian cancer progression.

Ovarian cancer remains a major health threat with limited treatment options available. It is characterized by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) maintained by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) hindering anti-tumor responses and immunotherapy efficacy. Here we show that targeting retinoblastoma protein (Rb) by disruption of its LxCxE cleft pocket causes preferential cell death in Rbhigh M2 polarized or M2-like Rbhigh immunosuppressive TAMs by induction of ER stress, p53 and mitochondria-related cell death pathways.