[Turnover intentions of public health nurses after responding to COVID-19: A comparison with 10 years ago (A report of the Committee on Public Health Nursing 2022/2023 survey)].

Objectives　This study aimed to determine how turnover intentions among public health nurses have changed following their coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) response compared to 10 years ago, using propensity score matching.Methods　As part of the Committee on Public Health Nursing's 2022/2023 activities, we conducted a repeated cross-sectional survey among public health nurses based on the Job Demands-Resources Model, a theoretical framework for turnover intentions. We collected cross-sectional observational data from periods before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Decentralized pandemic response and health equity: an analysis of socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Japan.

Objectives: Global data often link greater socioeconomic deprivation to higher COVID-19 mortality. However, whether decentralized governance can mitigate this disparity by enabling tailored, equitable local responses remains unclear. We assessed whether Japan's decentralized pandemic response moderated the association between area-level socioeconomic deprivation and COVID-19 mortality across municipalities.

Changes in HIV knowledge and its determinants in low- and middle-income countries: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: HIV remains a significant public health threat in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study assessed changes in HIV knowledge and attitudes over time in LMICs.

Study Design: Longitudinal study.

Characteristics of home-visit nursing stations and psychiatric home-visit nursing service users requiring frequent visits and support coordination in Japan.

This study examined the characteristics of service users requiring frequent visits (≥ 3 times/week) and support coordination from home-visit nursing stations and psychiatric home-visit nursing in Japan. Psychiatric home-visit nursing is vital for individuals with mental disorders, but its implementation has lagged behind physical home-visit nursing because of Japan's historical emphasis on institutional psychiatric care. A questionnaire survey was conducted from October 2024 to January 2025, involving 56 home-visit nursing stations with 224 service users.

Development and evaluation of an Instagram version (prototype) of decision-making aid for women on the methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief during childbirth.

Background: Pregnant women need sufficient information and explanations from midwives to create a birth plan that includes pain relief options during labor. This study aimed to create an Instagram version prototype of the decision aid, , which supports the choice of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods. Additionally, the study evaluated the usefulness of this prototype among pregnant women planning vaginal deliveries after 28 weeks of gestation.

Effects of antibiotic prophylaxis during labour on maternal and neonatal outcomes in women planning vaginal birth.

Rationale: Maternal sepsis is the third leading cause of maternal mortality globally. However, the risk of maternal sepsis can be reduced by administering antibiotics prophylactically before infection occurs. Previous research has assessed the effects of azithromycin prophylaxis during pregnancy, but evidence is lacking on the effects of other types of antibiotics, and the potential for antimicrobial resistance.

Educational and economic disparities and risk factors associated with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Cambodia: analysis of a national population-based study.

Background: In this study, we aimed to quantify the magnitude of educational and economic disparities and examine risk factors associated with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Cambodia.

Methods: We used data from the 2023 STEPwise approach to noncommunicable risk factor surveillance to analyse 3660 participants aged 18-69 years. We quantified the extent of disparities using the regression-based slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII).

Association between referral letters and diagnostic errors: a single-center, cross-sectional study in general internal medicine in Japan.

Objectives: Referral documentation may either contribute to diagnostic excellence or play a role in diagnostic errors (DEs), but its exact impact remains unclear. This study investigates the association between referral documentation and DEs among patients initially evaluated by another hospital or department and subsequently referred to the general internal medicine (GIM) outpatient clinic of an acute care tertiary hospital in Japan.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed outpatients who visited the GIM outpatient clinic between April 1, 2017 and March 31, 2023.

Virtual reality-related exercise for people with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of virtual reality (VR)-based exercise for improving mental health, physical function, and quality of life (QoL), as well as assessing adverse events during dialysis, in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing haemodialysis compared to exercise interventions without VR or standard treatment alone.

Relationships between metabolic syndrome and lifestyle factors: a retrospective cohort study in Japan.

Objective: Japan allocates approximately 21.15 billion yen annually for specific health guidance targeting metabolic syndrome (MetS), yet the prevalence of this condition remains unchanged. This study involved identifying lifestyle factors that lower the risk of developing MetS through a comprehensive cohort study encompassing the adult population (i.

When Endoscopic Sedation is Not an Option: Insights From a Multicenter on-site Survey on Tolerance for Japanese Gastric Cancer Screening.

Objectives: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is widely used for gastric cancer (GC) screening in Japan; however, sedation during EGD is not recommended. We aimed to assess the tolerability of unsedated EGD (USEGD) in the Japanese population.

Methods: Participants who underwent GC screening in Japanese urban areas between July 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study.

Exploring Prompt-Based Large Language Model (LLM) Approach for Medication Error-Related Named Entity Recognition in Medical Incident Reports.

Medication errors significantly challenge healthcare, necessitating innovative analytical methods. This study explored generative pre-trained language models (LLMs) for Named Entity Recognition (NER) in Japanese medical incident reports. We assessed four LLMs-Llama-3-ELYZA, BioMistral-7B, GPT-4.

Resilience, perceived control, and intention to receive additional vaccines for COVID-19 among healthcare university students: Mediating role of knowledge of vaccine and infection-preventive behaviors.

Aims: Psychological resilience is defined as an individual's ability to utilize strategies to cope with and grow because of stress or adversity; it is an individual's subjective belief about the amount of control he or she has over the environment or outcome. This study aimed to investigate the association between resilience, perceived control, and intention to receive additional COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare students, using the knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine and infection-preventive behaviors as a mediating role.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study through an online survey when the fourth wave of vaccinations started in Japan in 2022.

Association between employment status and long-term changes in psychological stress across the COVID-19 pandemic period in Japan: NIPPON DATA2010.

Objectives: There is a growing interest in understanding the long-term impact of employment status on psychological stress. We aimed to explore the association between socioeconomic status and psychological stress over a long-term follow-up period across the COVID-19 pandemic, employing the Kessler 6-Item Psychological Distress Scale (K6).

Methods: We evaluated K6 scores from the 2021 follow-up survey of NIPPON DATA2010 using a self-administered questionnaire.

Scalp cooling for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in women with early breast cancer.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of scalp cooling for the prevention of hair loss from adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with early breast cancer.

Global Disease and Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases Attributable to Hepatitis B Infection: A Health Economic Evaluation Study.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global public health challenge, contributing to both hepatic and extrahepatic disease burdens. This study aims to estimate the global disease and economic burden of HBV-attributable noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The study included hepatic NCDs (cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases [CCLDs] and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) and nonhepatic NCDs (NHNCDs).

Advance care planning for adults with cancer.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of advance care planning (ACP) in people with cancer compared with standard care (without ACP).

Progress and inequality in child immunization in 38 African countries, 2000-2030: A spatio-temporal Bayesian analysis at national and sub-national levels.

Background: Monitoring progress and inequality in childhood immunization coverage at both national and sub-national levels is essential for refining equity-oriented health programs and ensuring equitable access to care towards achieving global targets in African countries.

Methods And Findings: Using approximately 1 million records from 104 nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 38 African countries (2000-2019), we estimated childhood immunization coverage for key indicators (BCG, MCV1, DPT3, Polio3, and Full immunization), stratified by socioeconomic status. Variations of Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis using Besag, Besag-York-Mollié (BYM) and BYM2 models were employed to assess and project the trends from 2000 to 2030.

Clinical utility of diaphragmatic ultrasound for mechanical ventilator liberation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with an increased incidence of complications and higher mortality rates. Therefore, it is crucial to wean patients from mechanical ventilation as soon as possible. Recently, diaphragmatic ultrasound has been used in this decision-making process.

Increased Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting With Remimazolam Compared to Propofol Following Breast Surgery: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common postoperative complication. This study compared the incidence of PONV between anesthesia management with remimazolam versus propofol in breast surgery patients. Methods This retrospective study included 413 female patients who underwent breast surgery.

Comparisons of Intergenerational Transmission of Violence Between Genders: A Multiple-Group Structural Equation Modeling.

This study aimed to test whether gender can impact the pathways of intergenerational transmission of violence (ITV) from childhood victimization by child abuse and neglect (CAN) to adulthood victimization and/or perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and CAN using multiple-group structural equation modeling. A cross-sectional study using online self-administered questionnaires was conducted among parents of children aged <19 years in a suburb of Tokyo, Japan between January and February 2022. Childhood victimization by CAN, adulthood victimization, and/or perpetration of IPV and CAN were measured using the Family Poly-Victimization Screen (Japanese version).

A Critical Role of Neutrophil-Driven Amplification of Chronic Microinflammation in the Biocompatibility of Hemodialysis.

This review highlights recent insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies for improving biocompatibility in hemodialysis. Hemodialysis activates the innate immune system, particularly the complement cascade and neutrophils, leading to acute microinflammation. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), which increases during dialysis, promotes neutrophil chemotaxis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, triggering myeloperoxidase (MPO) release and oxidative stress.