Longitudinal imaging evaluation of the inflammatory role of purinergic AA receptors during subacute and chronic ischemic stroke.

Adenosine A receptors (AARs) have shown promising therapeutic properties despite their controversial role in modulating stroke outcome. However, the temporal evolution of cerebral AARs density after cerebral ischemia and its subsequent neuroinflammatory response have been scarcely explored. In this study, the expression of AARs after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was evaluated in rats by positron emission tomography (PET) with [C]SCH442416 and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Autoimmune nodopathies: emerging insights and clinical implications.

Purpose Of Review: Autoimmune nodopathies (AN) are a recognized distinct group of immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies with unique immunopathological features and therapeutic implications. This review synthesizes recent advances in their pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management, which have refined their clinical classification and informed targeted treatment strategies.

Recent Findings: AN are characterized by autoantibodies targeting surface proteins in the nodal-paranodal area (anti-contactin-1, anti-contactin-associated protein 1, anti-neurofascin-155, anti-pan-neurofascin), predominantly of IgG4 subclass.

Patient and Physician Perspectives on Cardiovascular Risk: A Multicenter Survey of Communication Gaps Among Hospitalized Patients in Spain.

Background: Effective risk communication is essential in managing cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of global mortality. Clear communication between patients and physicians supports informed decision-making, yet comprehension gaps persist. We aimed to assess the quality of risk communication during hospital admissions for cardiovascular events, from patient and physician perspectives, and identify discrepancies in risk perception and associated factors.

Engineering the crystal structure and band gap of SrTeO: inducing bonding changes and metallization through compression.

The impact of external pressure on the characteristics of SrTeO has been thoroughly examined using density-functional theory calculations up to 100 GPa. It has been predicted that SrTeO undergoes three phase transitions in the pressure range covered by this study. A first transition occurs at 2.

Physical activity and mortality: towards healthspan-oriented metrics and outcomes. A Scientific Statement from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) of the ESC.

The current guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention by the European Society of Cardiology highlight the undisputable benefits of exercise and a physically active lifestyle for cardiovascular risk reduction. In addition to the health benefits of physical activity, observational data suggests that regular physical activity lowers all-cause mortality. However, this was not confirmed by Mendelian randomization studies and randomized controlled trials.

Safety and Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine in Spinal Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Dexmedetomidine in Spinal Fusion Surgery.

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been proposed as an opioid-sparing adjunct after spinal fusion, but its efficacy across age groups is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA and registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42024531252). Twelve studies (RCTs and cohorts; n=1,644) were included.

Sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy with heart failure: Baseline characteristics of the PARACHUTE-HF trial.

Aims: The PARACHUTE-HF trial (NCT04023227) is evaluating the effect of sacubitril/valsartan compared with enalapril on a hierarchical composite of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, first heart failure hospitalization), and change in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in participants with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) caused by chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). We describe the baseline characteristics of participants in PARACHUTE-HF compared with prior HFrEF trials.

Methods And Results: PARACHUTE-HF, a multicentre, active-controlled, open-label trial, enrolled 922 participants with confirmed CCC, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II-IV, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%.

Role of Local Factors on the Occurrence of Peri-Implantitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objective: A cross-sectional study was made to evaluate the role of local factors, including surgical, implant, and prosthesis-related parameters, in the presence of peri-implantitis.

Methods: Consecutive partially edentulous patients with ≥ 1 implant presenting peri-implantitis were included. Clinical and radiographic data were collected to characterize local factors.

Molecular switches and real-time ion sensing in pyridinium circuits a single-molecule STM-break junction.

The functional electronic and spectro-electrochemical properties of two structural pyridinium isomers, Py_Down-BF and Py_Up-BF, were studied at the single-molecule level using the STM-BJ technique. These isomers differ in the position of the redox-active pyridinium core. The aim was to identify the role of core's position in promoting reversible switching between electromers (redox isomers) in solution and at the gold-pyridinium-gold junction circuit.

Lignin-Based Functional Materials.

Lignin, traditionally considered a low-value byproduct of the pulp and paper industry, has gained significant attention in recent years as a sustainable precursor for the development of functional materials. This paradigm shift is driven by recent studies exploring the structure-property-performance relationships of lignin-based functional materials, which have provided valuable insights for selective chemical functionalization or pretreatment of lignin. Furthermore, the use of complementary analytical techniques has helped to shed light into lignin's complex and heterogeneous structure, opening new avenues for chemical modification.

A Chemical Bonding Interpretation of Unusual Compressibility Trends in Hydrated Magnesium Sulfates.

Hydrated magnesium sulfates (MgSO·HO) are known to form multiple hydration states ( = 0-11) and are essential in planetary science and thermochemical energy storage. Despite their significance in detecting extraterrestrial water reservoirs or in mineral (de)hydration cycles, it is still necessary to understand how the structure-property relationships of these materials evolve at different hydration levels when pressure is applied. Through a systematic first-principles computational investigation, we elucidate the key structural factors governing the densification mechanism under hydrostatic pressure of MgSO·HO crystals.

Omics-driven insights into the molecular pathways driving osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial, mechano-inflammatory joint disorder characterized by cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodeling. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, no disease-modifying treatments have been approved. In many other disease areas, advanced omics technologies are impacting the development of advanced therapies.

Are We Witnessing a Speciation Continuum? Evidence From Current and Past Gene Flow in the Genus Oritrophium s.s. (Asteraceae) From the Tropical High Andes.

Determining species boundaries is key for appropriately assessing biodiversity. However, the continuity of the speciation process makes delimiting species a difficult task, especially for recently diverged taxa. Furthermore, past introgression may leave traces that result in reticulate evolutionary patterns, challenging the estimation of species relationships.

Electrocatalytic water oxidation with bioinspired cubane-type Co complexes.

Synthesis, characterization, and electrocatalytic water oxidation studies of the cubane-type complexes [(μ-)CoCl(MeOH)] (1) and [(μ-)CoCl(MeOH)] (2) are herein reported. Cubanes 1 and 2 were obtained in high yields under mild conditions by self-assembly of the ligands = 1--2-benzimidazolylmethanol and = 1-methyl-2-benzimidazolylmethanol with CoCl·6HO in basic methanolic solution. Both compounds feature a cubane-type structure in which the central {CoO} units are built by four Co centers coordinated by alkoxide-bridged oxygen and nitrogen atoms from the deprotonated ligands and stabilized by MeOH molecules and chloride ions.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) for risk stratification after acute ischemic stroke: Results from the BIOSIGNAL cohort study.

Introduction: Recent studies in stroke patients from predominantly Asian populations have underscored the significance of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a valuable blood biomarker for predicting incident strokes and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, its prognostic role after ischemic stroke in other populations is not yet comprehensively investigated.

Patients And Methods: We measured plasma TMAO levels in 1726 acute ischemic stroke patients (within 24 h from symptom onset) from the multicenter BIOSIGNAL cohort.

Self-Assembled Polypseudorotaxanes Crosslinked by Dynamic Disulfide Bonds as Modular Functionalization for Thiophilic Metal Nanoparticles.

As supramolecular assemblies, polypseudorotaxanes (PPR) exhibit inherent advantages in modular adaptability and structural programmability, with the potential to build tuneable platforms integrating various functionalities. Here we report the "one-pot" preparation of a self-assembled thiol-rich PPR (SPPR), where thiolated-α-cyclodextrins (SHαCD) spontaneously thread onto polymers, and are then crosslinked into a three-dimensional network by the thermally-triggered oxidation of thiols into disulfide bonds. The dynamic thiol groups along the SPPR provide remarkable modularity for the functionalization of thiophilic metal nanoparticles (NPs), exemplified by two application vectors.

Strategies for Enhancing Resilience in Horticultural Crops Against Combined Abiotic Stresses.

Horticultural crops are increasingly exposed to simultaneous abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and temperature extremes, which often exacerbate each other's effects, leading to severe yield and quality losses. Addressing these multifaceted challenges necessitates the development and application of integrated and innovative strategies. This review highlights recent advancements in methodologies to enhance the resilience of horticultural crops against combined abiotic stresses.

Neuroavailable peptides from hempseed protein hydrolysates reduce hippocampal inflammation and glial activation in a scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal loss. Neuroinflammation, driven by the activation of microglia and astrocytes, is a key contributor to AD pathology, amplifying oxidative stress and amyloid-β toxicity. Modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways thus represents a promising therapeutic strategy.

Description of chromatographic performance in reversed-phase liquid chromatography based on a generalised model. Part I: Column characterisation.

Liquid chromatography has advanced considerably since its introduction in the 1970s, with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) becoming the dominant technique for separating non-volatile molecules. A key strategy for optimising separation conditions is the modelling of chromatographic retention from experimental data. Traditionally, this is achieved by fitting model parameters for each solute, resulting in individual solute models (ISMs).

Interactions Between Active Matters and Endogenous Fields.

Active matter, encompassing both natural and artificial systems, utilizes environmental energy to sustain autonomous motion, exhibiting unique non-equilibrium behaviors. Artificial active matter (AAM), such as nano/micromotors, holds transformative potential in precision medicine by enhancing drug delivery and enabling targeted therapeutic interventions. Under the demand for increasing intelligence in AAM, controlling their non-equilibrium processes within complex in vivo environments presents significant challenges.

Predominance of L. monocytogenes Lineage I Clones in Wastewater, Ruminants, and Natural Environments.

Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic bacterium and a foodborne pathogen of humans and animals. Little is known about its distribution and genetic diversity across different environments within the same geographical region. We conducted a large-scale longitudinal study in southeastern Spain monitoring Listeria spp.

ASAS recommendations on reporting axial spondyloarthritis clinical trials.

Objectives: This study aims to develop recommendations on reporting baseline features and outcomes from axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) clinical trials based on the recently updated instrument set of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) core outcome set (COS).

Methods: A steering group (SG) convened a workgroup (WG), consisting of 13 ASAS members including rheumatologists, methodologists, epidemiologists, and 2 Young ASAS members. Recommendations on reporting axSpA trials baseline features and outcomes were developed in 3 steps: (1) the SG identified relevant baseline features from key axSpA clinical trials and formulated a proposal on how outcomes related to the instruments in the ASAS COS should be presented.

Radiation exposure during ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided spinal interventional pain management procedures in dogs: a retrospective analysis in a single institution.

Objective: To quantify C-arm-registered radiation exposure during ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided spinal interventional pain management in dogs, and to measure operator-based radiation levels to identify discrepancies between delivered and received dose.

Study Design: A retrospective observational study.

Animals: A total of 82 canine spinal interventional pain management procedures performed at a single referral institution.

Metabolic and microbial responses of Ceratitis capitata to essential oil-based nano-emulsions: Implications for pest management.

Essential oils (EOs) are a promising alternative to conventional pesticides, but some challenges like high volatility, poor water solubility, and rapid degradation limit their use in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to develop garlic, eucalyptus, and clove EO-based nano-emulsions (EO-NEs) in a bait treatment format through the high-pressure microfluidization technique and investigated the biological activities against Ceratitis capitata. In addition, the adverse effects of the most promising nano-emulsion were evaluated towards a non-target parasitoid Anagaspis daci.