Are We Witnessing a Speciation Continuum? Evidence From Current and Past Gene Flow in the Genus Oritrophium s.s. (Asteraceae) From the Tropical High Andes.

Determining species boundaries is key for appropriately assessing biodiversity. However, the continuity of the speciation process makes delimiting species a difficult task, especially for recently diverged taxa. Furthermore, past introgression may leave traces that result in reticulate evolutionary patterns, challenging the estimation of species relationships.

Early functional mobility predicts return to baseline function and discharge disposition after distal femur fractures in elderly.

Objective: Identify predictors of return to baseline function and ambulatory status in elderly patients after operative fixation of a distal femur fracture.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Academic Level I Trauma Center.

Improved Midterm Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in the Setting of a Previous Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis.

Background: Hip arthroscopy after in situ fixation of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is used to treat postoperative disability that develops from metaphyseal cam deformity after pinning. Short-term follow-up has demonstrated excellent outcomes in patients treated for SCFE with subsequent hip arthroscopy. Midterm follow-up of these patients has been sparse and rarely reported in the literature.

Ankle-Brachial Index Is an Effective Screening Tool for Vascular Injury in Schatzker Type-4 to 6 Tibial Plateau Fractures with Symmetric Pulses.

Background: Schatzker type-4 to 6 tibial plateau fractures most commonly occur when the distal femur is driven through the proximal tibial articular surface. This mechanism of injury can be equivalent to a knee dislocation and carries an increased risk of vascular injury. Our institution screens all Schatzker type-4 to 6 tibial plateau fractures with symmetric pulses for a vascular injury by measuring the ankle-brachial index (ABI).

Genome-Wide Data Uncover Cryptic Diversity With Multiple Reticulation Events in the Balkan-Anatolian Cardamine (Brassicaceae) Species Complex.

Plant species diversity may be considerably underestimated, especially in evolutionarily complex genera and in diversity hotspots that have enabled long-term species persistence and diversification, such as the Balkan Peninsula. Here, we address the topic of underexplored plant diversity and underlying evolutionary and biogeographic processes by investigating the hygrophytic mountain species complex of Cardamine acris s.l.

Analysis of acute extremity compartment syndrome using a genealogic population database.

Introduction: Acute extremity compartment syndrome ("CS") is an under-researched, highly morbid condition affecting trauma populations. The purpose of this study was to analyze incidence rates and risk factors for extremity compartment syndrome using a high-quality population database. Additionally, we evaluated heritable risk for CS using available genealogic data.

Mid-term outcomes of temporary medial distal femoral hemiepiphysiodesis with and without medial patellofemoral ligament repair for recurrent patellar instability in skeletally immature patients with genu valgum.

Genu valgum contributes to patellar instability, though outcomes following temporary hemiepiphysiodesis via eight plating are less understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and need for additional procedures following temporary hemiepiphysiodesis for the treatment of pediatric genu valgum and patellar instability, as well as evaluating the utility of a concurrent medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) repair. Patients who underwent medial distal femoral epiphysiodesis for the treatment of genu valgum and recurrent patellar instability were identified.

Tibial Plateau Fractures Complicated by Compartment Syndrome Are Associated With a 3 Times Higher Cost of Care.

Objectives: To determine the impact of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) and identify cost drivers of 1-year total treatment costs for operative tibial plateau fractures.

Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Level 1 trauma center.

Familial Analysis of Nonunion in a Genealogic Population Database Demonstrates No Evidence of Heritable Risk.

Objective: To determine whether there is evidence of heritable risk for nonunion using a large, state-wide population database.

Design: Database.

Setting: Level 1 Trauma Center.

Evolution of hygrophytic plant species in the Anatolia-Caucasus region: insights from phylogenomic analyses of Cardamine perennials.

Background And Aims: Southwestern Asia is a significant centre of biodiversity and a cradle of diversification for many plant groups, especially xerophytic elements. In contrast, little is known about the evolution and diversification of its hygrophytic flora. To fill this gap, we focus on Cardamine (Brassicaceae) species that grow in wetlands over a wide altitudinal range.

What Happens on the Back Table? Viability and Osteogenic Potential of Reamed Autogenous Bone Graft as a Function of Time and Temperature-A Pilot Study.

Objectives: To provide guidelines for reamed autogenous bone graft (R-ABG) in nonunion surgery to best manage modifiable intraoperative factors, like storage temperature and time, for optimal graft viability. Our hypothesis was that R-ABG graft will show decreased cell viability as a function of increased time and storage temperature.

Methods: R-ABG samples were obtained using an RIA system from 10 patients undergoing harvest for the treatment of a nonunion.

Human Dermal Allograft Superior Capsule Reconstruction With Graft Length Determined at Glenohumeral Abduction Angles of 20° and 40° Decreases Joint Translation and Subacromial Pressure Without Compromising Range of Motion: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanical effects of superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) graft fixation length determined at 20° and 40° of glenohumeral (GH) abduction.

Methods: Humeral translation, rotational range of motion (ROM), and subacromial contact pressure were quantified at 0°, 30°, and 60° of GH abduction in the scapular plane in 6 cadaveric shoulders for the following states: intact, massive rotator cuff tear, SCR with dermal allograft fixed at 20° of GH abduction (SCR 20), and SCR with dermal allograft fixed at 40° of GH abduction (SCR 40). Statistical analysis was conducted using a repeated-measures analysis of variance and a paired t test (P < .

Allele Sorting as a Novel Approach to Resolving the Origin of Allotetraploids Using Hyb-Seq Data: A Case Study of the Balkan Mountain Endemic .

Mountains of the Balkan Peninsula are significant biodiversity hotspots with great species richness and a large proportion of narrow endemics. Processes that have driven the evolution of the rich Balkan mountain flora, however, are still insufficiently explored and understood. Here we focus on a group of (Brassicaceae) perennials growing in wet, mainly mountainous habitats.

Biomechanical assessment of docking ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction after failed ulnar collateral ligament repair with suture augmentation.

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) repair with single-strand suture augmentation has been introduced as a viable surgical option for throwers with acute UCL tears. For the original single-strand suture augmentation construct, revision UCL reconstructions can be challenging owing to the bone loss at the site of anchor insertion in the center of the sublime tubercle. This biomechanical study assessed a small-diameter (1.

Hangman's Fracture.

Study Design: Review article.

Objective: A review and update of the treatment of Hangman's fractures including the indications for both nonoperative and operative treatment of typical and atypical fractures.

Summary Of Background Data: Hangman's fractures are the second most common fracture pattern of the C2 vertebrae following odontoid fractures.

Complication Rates after Lateral Plate Fixation of Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fractures: A Multicenter Study.

Objective: Periprosthetic fractures of the distal femur can be challenging injuries to treat; nonunion rates of up to 22% have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of complications and nonunion in a multicenter series, and to identify patient or surgical factors that were associated with nonunion.

Design: Retrospective comparative study SETTING: Three Level 1 trauma centers PATIENTS: Fifty-five patients with a periprosthetic distal femur fracture proximal to a total knee arthroplasty.

Anterior Capsule Reconstruction Versus Pectoralis Major Transfer for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears Involving the Anterior Capsule: A Comparative Biomechanical Cadaveric Study.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanical effectiveness of human dermal allograft (HDA) anterior capsular reconstruction (ACR) and pectoralis major tendon transfer (PMTT) for treating irreparable subscapularis tears with capsular insufficiency in human cadaver shoulders.

Methods: Glenohumeral rotational range of motion and translation were measured in 6 cadaveric shoulders under the following 5 conditions: intact, deficient subscapularis/anterior capsule, ACR using HDA, HDA ACR with concomitant PMTT, and PMTT alone.

Results: The deficient subscapularis/anterior capsule condition significantly increased external and total rotational range of motion at 0° (P < .

A biomechanical cadaveric study of patellar tendon allograft as an alternative graft material for superior capsule reconstruction.

Hypothesis: In a cadaveric irreparable rotator cuff tear model, patellar tendon allograft-superior capsule reconstruction (PT-SCR) will restore glenohumeral stability and reduce subacromial contact pressures without significant graft deformation during testing.

Methods: Eight cadaveric shoulders were tested in a custom shoulder testing system. Rotational range of motion (ROM), superior translation, and subacromial contact pressure were measured in the following experimental conditions: intact rotator cuff, irreparable supraspinatus tear (massive cuff tear [MCT]), and PT-SCR.

Effect of Increased Scapular Internal Rotation on Glenohumeral External Rotation and Elbow Valgus Load in the Late Cocking Phase of Throwing Motion.

Background: Scapular dyskinesis among throwers is thought to affect kinetic chain function and increase the load demands on the shoulder and/or elbow. However, the biomechanical relationship between scapular orientation and elbow valgus load, which is associated with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury, has not been determined.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of increased scapular internal rotation (IR) and glenohumeral external rotation (GHER) on elbow valgus load in a static simulation of the late cocking phase of throwing.

Anterior Cable Reconstruction Using the Proximal Biceps Tendon for Large Rotator Cuff Defects Limits Superior Migration and Subacromial Contact Without Inhibiting Range of Motion: A Biomechanical Analysis.

Purpose: To assess an anterior cable reconstruction (ACR) using autologous proximal biceps tendon for large to massive rotator cuff tears.

Methods: Nine cadaveric shoulders (mean age, 58 years) were tested with a custom testing system. Range of motion, superior translation of the humeral head, and subacromial contact pressure were measured at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of external rotation (ER) with 0°, 20°, and 40° of glenohumeral abduction.

Aquatic microbial habitats within a neotropical rainforest: bromeliads and pH-associated trends in bacterial diversity and composition.

Tank-forming bromeliads, suspended in the rainforest canopy, possess foliage arranged in compact rosettes capable of long-term retention of rainwater. This large and unique aquatic habitat is inhabited by microorganisms involved in the important decomposition of impounded material. Moreover, these communities are likely influenced by environmental factors such as pH, oxygen, and light.